Editing Geʽez (section)

=== Pronominal morphology ===

In the independent pronouns, gender is not distinguished in the 1st person, and case is only distinguished in the 3rd person singular.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Personal independent pronouns{{sfn|Tropper|2021|loc=§&nbsp;4.1.1}}{{sfn|Lambdin|1978|p=29}}
|-
! colspan="3" |
! Singular !! Plural
|-
! colspan="3" | <small>1st person</small>
| {{lang|gez|አነ}} {{transliteration|gez|ʼána}} || {{lang|gez|ንሕነ}} {{transliteration|gez|nə́ḥna}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | <small>2nd person</small>
! colspan="2" | <small>masculine</small>
| {{lang|gez|አንተ}} {{transliteration|gez|ʼánta}}
| {{lang|gez|አንትሙ}} {{transliteration|gez|ʼantə́mu}}
|-
! colspan="2" | <small>feminine</small>
| {{lang|gez|አንቲ}} {{transliteration|gez|ʼánti}}
| {{lang|gez|አንትን}} {{transliteration|gez|ʼantə́n}}
|-
! rowspan="4" | <small>3rd person</small>
! rowspan="2" | <small>masculine</small>
! <small>nominative</small>
| {{lang|gez|ውእቱ}} {{transliteration|gez|wəʼə́tu}}
| rowspan="2" | {{lang|gez|ውእቶሙ}} {{transliteration|gez|wəʼətómu}}, <br />{{lang|gez|እሙንቱ}} {{transliteration|gez|ʼəmuntú}}
|-
! <small>accusative</small>
| {{lang|gez|ውእተ}} {{transliteration|gez|wəʼə́ta}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | <small>feminine</small>
! <small>nominative</small>
| {{lang|gez|ይእቲ}} {{transliteration|gez|yəʼə́ti}}
| rowspan="2" | {{lang|gez|ውእቶን}} {{transliteration|gez|wəʼətón}}, <br />{{lang|gez|እማንቱ}} {{transliteration|gez|ʼəmāntú}}
|-
! <small>accusative</small>
| {{lang|gez|ይእተ}} {{transliteration|gez|yə’ə́ta}}
|}

Suffix pronouns attach at the end of a noun, preposition or verb. The accusative/construct {{transliteration|gez|-a}} is lost when a plural noun with a consonant-final stem has a pronoun suffix attached (generally replaced by the added {{transliteration|gez|-i-}}, as in {{transliteration|gez|-i-hu}}, "his"), thereby losing the case/state distinction,<ref>{{harvnb|Lambdin|1978|p=41}}: "Plural noun. All plural nouns have a suffix -i- added to the stem before the pronominal suffixes. [...] There are no distinct accusative forms."</ref> but the distinction may be retained in the case of consonant-final singular nouns. Furthermore, suffix pronouns may or may not attract stress to themselves. In the following table, pronouns without a stress mark (an acute) are not stressed, and vowel-initial suffixes have also been given the base {{lang|gez|በ}} {{IPA|/b/}} in the script.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Suffix pronouns{{sfn|Tropper|2021|loc=§&nbsp;4.1.2}}{{sfn|Lambdin|1978|pp=40–41}}
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan="3" | !! colspan="2" | <small>Default</small> !! colspan="2" | <small>With consonant-final <br />singular nouns</small> || rowspan="2" | <small>With consonant-final <br />plural nouns</small>
|-
! <small>noun/prep.</small> !! <small>verb</small> !! <small>nominative</small> !! <small>accusative</small>
|-
! rowspan="5" | <small>Singular</small>
! colspan="2" | <small>1st person</small>
| {{lang|gez|-የ}} {{transliteration|gez|-ya}} || {{lang|gez|-ኒ}} {{transliteration|gez|-ni}} || colspan="2" | {{lang|gez|-ብየ}} {{transliteration|gez|-ə́ya}} || {{lang|gez|-ብየ}} {{transliteration|gez|-ə́ya}}, {{lang|gez|-ቢየ}} {{transliteration|gez|-íya}}{{efn|{{lang|gez|-ቢየ}} {{transliteration|gez|-íya}} is a variant mostly found in older manuscripts.{{sfn|Tropper|2021|loc=§&nbsp;4.1.2.1}}}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | <small>2nd person</small>
! <small>masculine</small>
| colspan="2" | {{lang|gez|-ከ}} {{transliteration|gez|-ka}} || {{lang|gez|-ብከ}} {{transliteration|gez|-ə́ka}} || {{lang|gez|-በከ}} {{transliteration|gez|-áka}} || {{lang|gez|-ቢከ}} {{transliteration|gez|-íka}}
|-
! <small>feminine</small>
| colspan="2" | {{lang|gez|-ኪ}} {{transliteration|gez|-ki}} || {{lang|gez|-ብኪ}} {{transliteration|gez|-ə́ki}} || {{lang|gez|-በኪ}} {{transliteration|gez|-áki}} || {{lang|gez|-ቢኪ}} {{transliteration|gez|-íki}}, {{lang|gez|-ብኪ}} {{transliteration|gez|-ə́ki}}{{efn|These two forms are in free variation.{{sfn|Tropper|2021|loc=§&nbsp;4.1.2.1}}}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | <small>3rd person</small>
! <small>masculine</small>
| colspan="2" | {{lang|gez|ሁ}} {{transliteration|gez|-hú}} || {{lang|gez|-ቡ}} {{transliteration|gez|-ú}} || {{lang|gez|-ቦ}} {{transliteration|gez|-ó}} || {{lang|gez|-ቢሁ}} {{transliteration|gez|-ihú}}
|-
! <small>feminine</small>
| colspan="2" | {{lang|gez|-ሃ}} {{transliteration|gez|-hā́}} || colspan="2" | {{lang|gez|-ባ}} {{transliteration|gez|-ā́}} || {{lang|gez|-ቢሃ}} {{transliteration|gez|-ihā́}}
|-
! rowspan="5" | <small>Plural</small>
! colspan="2" | <small>1st person</small>
| colspan="2" | {{lang|gez|-ነ}} {{transliteration|gez|-na}} || {{lang|gez|-ብነ}} {{transliteration|gez|-ə́na}} || {{lang|gez|-በነ}} {{transliteration|gez|-ána}} || {{lang|gez|-ቢነ}} {{transliteration|gez|-ína}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | <small>2nd person</small>
! <small>masculine</small>
| colspan="2" | {{lang|gez|-ክሙ}} {{transliteration|gez|-kə́mu}} || {{lang|gez|-ብክሙ}} {{transliteration|gez|-əkə́mu}} || {{lang|gez|-በክሙ}} {{transliteration|gez|-akə́mu}} || {{lang|gez|-ቢክሙ}} {{transliteration|gez|-ikə́mu}}
|-
! <small>feminine</small>
| colspan="2" | {{lang|gez|-ክን}} {{transliteration|gez|-kə́n}} || {{lang|gez|-ብክን}} {{transliteration|gez|-əkə́n}} || {{lang|gez|-በክን}} {{transliteration|gez|-akə́n}} || {{lang|gez|-ቢክን}} {{transliteration|gez|-ikə́n}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | <small>3rd person</small>
! <small>masculine</small>
| colspan="2" | {{lang|gez|-ሆሙ}} {{transliteration|gez|-hómu}} || colspan="2" | {{lang|gez|-ቦሙ}} {{transliteration|gez|-ómu}} || {{lang|gez|-ቢሆሙ}} {{transliteration|gez|-ihómu}}
|-
! <small>feminine</small>
| colspan="2" | {{lang|gez|-ሆን}} {{transliteration|gez|-hón}} || colspan="2" | {{lang|gez|-ቦን}} {{transliteration|gez|-ón}} || {{lang|gez|-ቢሆን}} {{transliteration|gez|-ihón}}
|}
{{notelist}}