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====State laws==== [[File:Gay and trans panic defense bans in the United States.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.5|States that have bans (blue) on the gay and trans panic defense, as of 2024]] In 2006, the [[California State Legislature]] amended the [[California Penal Code|Penal Code]] to include jury instructions to ignore bias, sympathy, prejudice, or public opinion in making their decision, and a directive was made to educate district attorneys' offices about panic strategies and how to prevent bias from affecting trial outcomes.<ref>{{cite California statute |url=https://clerk.assembly.ca.gov/sites/clerk.assembly.ca.gov/files/archive/Statutes/2006/1755_2006_Volume4.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221230820/http://clerk.assembly.ca.gov/sites/clerk.assembly.ca.gov/files/archive/Statutes/2006/1755_2006_Volume4.pdf |archive-date=2016-12-21 |url-status=live |year=2006 |chapter=550 |page=4617 |title=The Gwen Araujo Justice for Victims Act |HR=AB 1160 |quote=An act to add Section 1127h to the Penal Code, relating to crime. [Approved by Governor September 28, 2006. Filed with Secretary of State September 28, 2006] |access-date=June 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/05-06/bill/asm/ab_1151-1200/ab_1160_bill_20060928_chaptered.html |title=The Gwen Araujo Justice for Victims Act |date=February 22, 2005 |publisher=California Secretary of State |access-date=June 1, 2019 |archive-date=February 21, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180221205428/http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/05-06/bill/asm/ab_1151-1200/ab_1160_bill_20060928_chaptered.html |url-status=live }} {{poemquote|{{pad|1.0em}}SEC. 3. Section 1127h is added to the Penal Code, to read: :1127h. In any criminal trial or proceeding, upon the request of a party, the court shall instruct the jury substantially as follows: ::"Do not let bias, sympathy, prejudice, or public opinion influence your decision. Bias includes bias against the victim or victims, witnesses, or defendant based upon his or her disability, gender, nationality, race or ethnicity, religion, gender identity, or sexual orientation." :{{pad|1.0em}}SEC. 4. The Office of Emergency Services shall, to the extent funding becomes available for that purpose, develop practice materials for district attorneys' offices in the state. The materials, which shall be developed in consultation with knowledgeable community organizations and county officials, shall explain how panic strategies are used to encourage jurors to respond to societal bias against people based on actual or perceived disability, gender, including gender identity, nationality, race or ethnicity, religion, or sexual orientation and provide best practices for preventing bias from affecting the outcome of a trial.}}</ref> The [[American Bar Association]] (ABA) unanimously passed a resolution in 2013 urging governments to follow California's lead in prescribing explicit juror instructions to ignore bias and to educate prosecutors about panic defenses.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.abajournal.com/news/article/resolution_on_gay_panic |title='Gay panic' criminal defense strategies should be curtailed by legislation, ABA House resolves |last=Carter |first=Terry |date=August 12, 2013 |access-date=June 1, 2019 |archive-date=April 9, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190409003018/http://www.abajournal.com/news/article/resolution_on_gay_panic/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=ABA-2013/> Following the ABA's resolution in 2013, the LGBT Bar is continuing to work with concerned lawmakers at the state level to help ban the use of this tactic in courtrooms across the country.<ref name=ABA-2013>{{cite web |url=https://lgbtbar.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2014/02/Gay-and-Trans-Panic-Defenses-Resolution.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170310222348/http://lgbtbar.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2014/02/Gay-and-Trans-Panic-Defenses-Resolution.pdf |archive-date=2017-03-10 |url-status=live |title=Resolution |date=August 12β13, 2013 |publisher=American Bar Association, House of Delegates |access-date=November 21, 2019}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;" |+Bans and consideration of bans for gay and trans panic defense |- ! State !! Considered !! Banned !! Bill !! class="unsortable" | Ref |- ! California | β || 2014 || AB2501 || <ref name=CA-AB2501/> |- ! Illinois | β || 2017 || SB1761 || <ref name=IL-SB1761/> |- ! Rhode Island | β || 2018 || H7066aa/S3014 || <ref name=RI-H7066aa/> |- ! Connecticut | β || 2019 || SB-0058 || <ref name=CT-SB0058/> |- ! Hawaii | β |2019|| HB711 || <ref name=HI-HB711/> |- ! Maine | β |2019|| LD1632 || <ref name=ME-LD1632/> |- ! Nevada | β |2019|| SB97 || <ref name=NV-SB97/> |- ! rowspan=4 | New York | 2014 || rowspan=3 | β || S7048 || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://nyassembly.gov/leg/?bn=S07048&term=2013 |title=S07048: Restricts the nature of extreme emotional disturbance as an affirmative defense to a charge of murder in the second degree |publisher=New York State Assembly |access-date=November 22, 2019 |archive-date=May 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529035427/https://nyassembly.gov/leg/?bn=S07048&term=2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | 2015 || A5467/S499 || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://nyassembly.gov/leg/?bn=A05467&term=2015 |title=A05467: Restricts the nature of extreme emotional disturbance as an affirmative defense to a charge of murder in the second degree |publisher=New York State Assembly |access-date=November 22, 2019 |archive-date=May 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530024155/https://nyassembly.gov/leg/?bn=A05467&term=2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://nyassembly.gov/leg/?bn=S00499&term=2015 |title=S00499: Restricts the nature of extreme emotional disturbance as an affirmative defense to a charge of murder in the second degree |publisher=New York State Assembly |access-date=November 22, 2019 |archive-date=May 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527041357/https://nyassembly.gov/leg/?bn=S00499&term=2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | 2017 || A5001/S50 || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://nyassembly.gov/leg/?bn=A05001&term=2017 |title=A05001: Restricts the nature of extreme emotional disturbance as an affirmative defense to a charge of murder in the second degree |publisher=New York State Assembly |access-date=November 22, 2019 |archive-date=May 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528203849/https://nyassembly.gov/leg/?bn=A05001&term=2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://nyassembly.gov/leg/?bn=S00050&term=2017 |title=S00050: Restricts the nature of extreme emotional disturbance as an affirmative defense to a charge of murder in the second degree |publisher=New York State Assembly |access-date=November 22, 2019 |archive-date=May 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528203851/https://nyassembly.gov/leg/?bn=S00050&term=2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | β || 2019 || A2707/S3293 || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://nyassembly.gov/leg/?bn=A02707&term=2019 |title=A02707: Restricts the nature of extreme emotional disturbance as an affirmative defense to a charge of murder in the second degree |publisher=New York State Assembly |access-date=November 22, 2019 |archive-date=May 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527043712/https://nyassembly.gov/leg/?bn=A02707&term=2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=NY-S3293/> |- ! rowspan=3 | New Jersey | 2015 | rowspan=2 | β | A4083 || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/2014/Bills/A4500/4083_I1.HTM |title=A4083: An Act concerning homicide committed in the heat of passion and amending N.J.S.2C:11-4 |publisher=State of New Jersey, 216th Legislature |access-date=November 21, 2019 |archive-date=May 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529203405/https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/2014/Bills/A4500/4083_I1.HTM |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | 2016 || A429 || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/2016/Bills/A0500/429_I1.HTM |title=A429: An Act concerning homicide committed in the heat of passion and amending N.J.S.2C:11-4 |publisher=State of New Jersey, 217th Legislature |access-date=November 21, 2019 |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308110509/https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/2016/Bills/A0500/429_I1.HTM |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | 2018 || 2020 || A1796/S2609 || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/2018/Bills/A2000/1796_I1.HTM |title=A1796: An Act concerning homicide committed in the heat of passion and amending N.J.S.2C:11-4 |publisher=State of New Jersey, 218th Legislature |access-date=November 21, 2019 |archive-date=May 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528031245/https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/2018/Bills/A2000/1796_I1.HTM |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/2018/Bills/S3000/2609_I1.HTM |title=S2609: An Act concerning homicide committed in the heat of passion and amending N.J.S.2C:11-4 |publisher=State of New Jersey, 218th Legislature |access-date=November 21, 2019 |archive-date=May 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529045903/https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/2018/Bills/S3000/2609_I1.HTM |url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! rowspan="2" | Washington, D.C. | 2017 |β|| B22-0102 || <ref name="DC-B22-0102">{{cite web |url=http://lims.dccouncil.us/Legislation/B22-0102 |title=B22-0102 β Secure A Fair and Equitable Trial Act of 2017 |date=February 7, 2017 |publisher=Council of the District of Columbia |access-date=November 21, 2019 |archive-date=November 14, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191114192411/http://lims.dccouncil.us/Legislation/B22-0102 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- |β |2020 |B23-0409 |<ref>{{cite web|title=B23-0409|url=https://lims.dccouncil.us/downloads/LIMS/43128/Meeting1/Engrossment/B23-0409-Engrossment1.pdf|access-date=January 27, 2021|publisher=Council of the District of Columbia|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126092931/https://lims.dccouncil.us/downloads/LIMS/43128/Meeting1/Engrossment/B23-0409-Engrossment1.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! Georgia | 2018 || β || HB931 || <ref name=GA-HB931>{{cite web |url=http://www.legis.ga.gov/Legislation/en-US/display/20172018/HB/931 |title=HB 931: Crimes and offenses; disclosure of individual's sexual orientation or gender identity as being serious provocation in the context of voluntary manslaughter; exclude |publisher=Georgia General Assembly |access-date=November 22, 2019 |archive-date=May 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527043723/http://www.legis.ga.gov/Legislation/en-US/display/20172018/HB/931 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! Wisconsin | 2019 || β || AB436 || <ref name=WI-AB436>{{cite web |url=https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/2019/related/proposals/ab436 |title=AB 436: An Act to create 939.44 (3) and 939.48 (5m) of the statutes; relating to: eliminating criminal defense of adequate provocation or self-defense if the claim is based on the victim's gender identity or sexual orientation |publisher=Wisconsin State Legislature |access-date=January 27, 2021 |archive-date=November 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106192849/https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/2019/related/proposals/ab436 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! Washington | β | 2019 || 2020 || HB1687 || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BillNumber=1687&Year=2019&Initiative=false |title=HB 1687: Limiting defenses based on victim identity |publisher=Washington State Legislature |access-date=November 21, 2019 |archive-date=March 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322060531/https://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BillNumber=1687&Initiative=false&Year=2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! Pennsylvania | 2020 || β || HB2333 || <ref name=PA-HB2333>{{cite web |url=https://www.legis.state.pa.us/CFDOCS/Legis/PN/Public/btCheck.cfm?txtType=PDF&sessYr=2019&sessInd=0&billBody=H&billTyp=B&billNbr=2333&pn=3438 |title=House Bill 2333: An Act amending Title 18 (Crimes and Offenses) of the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes, in general provisions relating to offenses involving danger to the person, further providing for definitions |publisher=[[Pennsylvania General Assembly]] |access-date=January 27, 2021 |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308130610/https://www.legis.state.pa.us/CFDOCS/Legis/PN/Public/btCheck.cfm?txtType=PDF&sessYr=2019&sessInd=0&billBody=H&billTyp=B&billNbr=2333&pn=3438 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! Colorado |β | 2020 || SB20-221 || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gay Panic Or Transgender Panic Defense |url=https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/sb20-221 |access-date=August 1, 2020 |website=Colorado General Assembly |archive-date=August 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806013847/http://leg.colorado.gov/bills/sb20-221 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! Texas |2020 | β || HB73 || <ref name=TX-HB73>{{cite web|url=https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/87R/billtext/pdf/HB00073I.pdf#navpanes=0|title=HB 73: An Act relating to a limitation on the use of a victim's gender identity or sexual orientation as the basis for a defense in the trial of a criminal offense|publisher=Texas Legislature Online|access-date=February 26, 2021|archive-date=May 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506232400/https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/87R/billtext/pdf/HB00073I.pdf#navpanes=0|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://legiscan.com/TX/comments/HB73/2021 | title=Texas HB73 | 2021β2022 | 87th Legislature | access-date=2022-06-22 | archive-date=2023-04-17 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417125202/https://legiscan.com/TX/comments/HB73/2021 | url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! Virginia |β | 2021 || HB2132|| <ref name="VA-HB2132">{{cite web |url=https://legiscan.com/VA/text/HB2132/id/2238764/Virginia-2021-HB2132-Prefiled.html |title=House Bill 2132: A Bill to amend the Code of Virginia by adding in Article 1 of Chapter 4 of Title 18.2 a section numbered 18.2-37.1 and by adding in Article 4 of Chapter 4 of Title 18.2 a section numbered 18.2-57.5, relating to homicides and assaults and bodily woundings; certain matters not to constitute defenses |publisher=The Virginia House of Delegates |access-date=January 27, 2021 |archive-date=February 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206012029/https://legiscan.com/VA/text/HB2132/id/2238764/Virginia-2021-HB2132-Prefiled.html |url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! Maryland |β | 2021 || HB231|| <ref name="MD-HB231">{{cite web |url=https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/2021RS/bills/hb/hb0231F.pdf |title=House Bill 231: An Act concerning Crimes β Mitigation β Race, Color, National Origin, Sex, Gender Identity, or Sexual Orientation |publisher=[[Maryland General Assembly|The Maryland State Legislature]] |access-date=January 27, 2021 |archive-date=May 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504061010/http://mgaleg.maryland.gov/2021RS/bills/hb/hb0231f.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! Oregon |β | 2021 || HB3020/SB704 || <ref name="OR-HB3020">{{cite web |url=https://olis.oregonlegislature.gov/liz/2021R1/Downloads/MeasureDocument/HB3020/Introduced |title=HB-3020 β A Bill for An Act relating to prohibiting defenses based on certain characteristics of the victim; creating new pro- visions; and amending ORS 161.215 and 163.135. |date=January 21, 2021 |publisher=The Oregon State Legislature |access-date=February 1, 2021 |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308151200/https://olis.oregonlegislature.gov/liz/2021R1/Downloads/MeasureDocument/HB3020/Introduced |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://olis.oregonlegislature.gov/liz/2021R1/Downloads/MeasureDocument/SB704/Introduced |title=SB-704 β A Bill for An Act relating to prohibiting defenses based on certain characteristics of the victim; creating new pro- visions; and amending ORS 161.215 and 163.135 |date=January 22, 2021 |publisher=The Oregon State Legislature |access-date=February 1, 2021 |archive-date=March 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318232315/https://olis.oregonlegislature.gov/liz/2021R1/Downloads/MeasureDocument/SB704/Introduced |url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! Vermont |β | 2021 || HB128 || <ref name="VT-HB128">{{cite web |url=https://legislature.vermont.gov/Documents/2022/Docs/BILLS/H-0128/H-0128%20As%20Introduced.pdf |title=HB 128 |last=Small |first=Taylor |publisher=Vermont General Assembly |access-date=February 25, 2021 |archive-date=May 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511141223/https://legislature.vermont.gov/Documents/2022/Docs/BILLS/H-0128/H-0128%20As%20Introduced.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! Florida |2021 | β || SB718|| <ref name="FL-SB718">{{cite web |url=https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2021/718/BillText/Filed/PDF |title=Senate Bill 718: Gay and Transgender Panic Legal Defense Prohibition Act<!--short title given in section 1--> |publisher=[[Florida Senate|The Florida State Senate]] |access-date=January 27, 2021 |archive-date=February 1, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201103024/https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2021/718/BillText/Filed/PDF |url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! Iowa | 2021 || β || HF310 || <ref name=IA-HSB11>{{cite web |url=https://www.legis.iowa.gov/legislation/BillBook?ga=89&ba=HF310 |title=A BILL FOR An Act relating to the defenses of justification and diminished capacity for certain violent crime |publisher=[[Iowa General Assembly|The Iowa Legislature]] |access-date=March 20, 2021 |archive-date=February 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211065058/https://www.legis.iowa.gov/legislation/BillBook?ga=89&ba=HF310 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! New Mexico |2021 | 2022 || SB213 || <ref name="NM-SB213">{{cite web |url=https://www.nmlegis.gov/Sessions/21%20Regular/bills/senate/SB0213.pdf |title=SB 213: An Act Relating To Crime; Prohibiting A Defense Based On A Defendant's Discovery Of, Knowledge About Or The Potential Disclosure Of A Victim's Or Witness's Gender, Gender Identity, Gender Expression Or Sexual Orientation; Prohibiting A Defense Based On The Effect On A Defendant Of Being Romantically Propositioned In A Nonviolent Or Non-threatening Manner By A Person Of The Same Gender Or A Person Who Is Transgender |last=Candelaria |first=Jacob |publisher=New Mexico Legislature |access-date=February 5, 2021 |archive-date=March 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318013029/https://www.nmlegis.gov/Sessions/21%20Regular/bills/senate/SB0213.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! Minnesota |2021 | β || SF360 || <ref name=MN-SF360>{{cite web |url=https://www.revisor.mn.gov/bills/text.php?number=SF360&version=0&session=ls92&session_year=2021&session_number=0&format=pdf |title=SF 360: A bill for an act relating to state government; establishing a Council on LGBTQI Minnesotans; limiting criminal defenses and authorization for the use of force relating to a victim's sexual orientation or identity; prohibiting conversion therapy with children vulnerable adults; prohibiting medical assistance coverage for conversion therapy; prohibiting the misrepresentation of conversion therapy services or products; amending Minnesota Statutes 2020, sections 256B.0625, by adding a subdivision; 257.56; 325F.69, by adding a subdivision; 609.06, by adding a subdivision; 609.075; 609.20; proposing coding for new law in Minnesota Statutes, chapters 15; 214. |publisher=Office of the Revisor of Statutes, Minnesota Legislature |access-date=February 26, 2021 |archive-date=April 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210403193420/https://www.revisor.mn.gov/bills/text.php?number=SF360&version=0&session=ls92&session_year=2021&session_number=0&format=pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! Massachusetts |2021 | β || HD2275/SD1183 || <ref name=MA-HD2275>{{cite web |url=http://lgbtbar.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/sites/8/2021/03/HD2275.pdf |title=HD-2275 β An Act protecting LGBTQ victims |publisher=The Massachusetts State Legislature |access-date=March 1, 2021 |archive-date=April 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210403193358/http://lgbtbar.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/sites/8/2021/03/HD2275.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://lgbtbar.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/sites/8/2021/03/SD1183.pdf |title=SD-1183 β An Act protecting LGBTQ victims |publisher=The Massachusetts State Legislature |access-date=March 1, 2021 |archive-date=April 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210403193403/http://lgbtbar.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/sites/8/2021/03/SD1183.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! Nebraska |2021 | β || LB321|| <ref name="NE-LB321">{{cite web |url=https://nebraskalegislature.gov/FloorDocs/107/PDF/Intro/LB321.pdf |title=Legislative Bill 321: A Bill for An Act relating to crimes and offenses; to prohibit a defendant's discovery of a victim's actual or perceived gender or sexual orientation as a defense to criminal offenses; to define terms; and to provide a duty for the Revisor of Statutes |publisher=[[Nebraska Legislature|The Legislature of Nebraska]] |access-date=January 27, 2021 |archive-date=February 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210202023124/https://nebraskalegislature.gov/FloorDocs/107/PDF/Intro/LB321.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! Arkansas |2022 | β || LB321|| |- ! North Carolina |2022 | β || LB321|| |- ! rowspan=2 | New Hampshire |2021 | β || HB238 || <ref name=NH-HB238>{{cite web |url=http://gencourt.state.nh.us/bill_status/billText.aspx?sy=2021&id=169&txtFormat=pdf&v=current |title=HB 238 |publisher=General Court of New Hampshire |access-date=February 26, 2021 |archive-date=May 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507035234/http://gencourt.state.nh.us/bill_status/billText.aspx?sy=2021&id=169&txtFormat=pdf&v=current |url-status=live }}</ref> |- |β |2023 |HB315 |<ref>{{Cite web |title='Gay panic' defense eliminated in New Hampshire starting next year |url=https://www.seacoastonline.com/story/news/2023/08/22/gay-panic-defense-eliminated-in-new-hampshire-starting-next-year/70641464007/ |access-date=2023-08-22 |website=Portsmouth Herald |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822124111/https://www.seacoastonline.com/story/news/2023/08/22/gay-panic-defense-eliminated-in-new-hampshire-starting-next-year/70641464007/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New Hampshire HB315 {{!}} 2023 {{!}} Regular Session |url=https://legiscan.com/NH/bill/HB315/2023 |access-date=2023-06-27 |website=LegiScan |language=en |archive-date=2023-06-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627002054/https://legiscan.com/NH/bill/HB315/2023 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- !Delaware | |2023 |HB142 |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sprayregen |first=Molly |date=2023-10-03 |title=Delaware bans LGBTQ+ panic defense with overwhelming bipartisan support |url=https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2023/10/delaware-bans-lgbtq-panic-defense-with-overwhelming-bipartisan-support/ |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=LGBTQ Nation |archive-date=2023-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003145427/https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2023/10/delaware-bans-lgbtq-panic-defense-with-overwhelming-bipartisan-support/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=House Substitute 2 for House Bill 142: An Act to Amend Title 11 of the Delaware Code Relating to Crimes and Criminal Procedure |publisher=Delaware General Assembly |url=https://legis.delaware.gov/BillDetail?LegislationId=140531 |access-date=2023-10-03 |archive-date=2023-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926150733/https://legis.delaware.gov/BillDetail?legislationId=140531 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- !Minnesota | |2024 |HB5216 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=HB 5216 Judiciary, public safety, and corrections supplemental budget bill |url=https://www.revisor.mn.gov/bills/text.php?number=HF5216&version=4&session=ls93&session_year=2024&session_number=0&format=pdf |access-date=2024-05-21 |archive-date=2024-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521180807/https://www.revisor.mn.gov/bills/text.php?number=HF5216&version=4&session=ls93&session_year=2024&session_number=0&format=pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> |- !Michigan | |2024 |HB4718 |<ref name="michigan bill">{{Cite web |publisher=Michigan Legislature |title=House Bill 4718 (2023) |url=http://www.legislature.mi.gov/(S(q3p35xrgtv0yh2ykxymbjh3s))/mileg.aspx?page=getObject&objectName=2023-HB-4718 |access-date=2023-10-03 |archive-date=2023-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026172452/http://www.legislature.mi.gov/(S(gwdhivkllf2o3mr3i3fycfql))/mileg.aspx?page=GetObject&objectname=2023-HB-4718 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- |} On September 27, 2014, Governor [[Jerry Brown]] signed Assembly Bill No. 2501, making [[California]] the first state in the US to ban the gay and trans panic defense.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.rawstory.com/2014/10/new-california-law-eliminates-gay-panic-as-a-defense-for-attacks-on-lgbt-people/ |title=New California law eliminates 'gay panic' as a defense for attacks on LGBT people |last=Ferguson |first=David |date=October 1, 2014 |access-date=June 1, 2019 |archive-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526113253/https://www.rawstory.com/2014/10/new-california-law-eliminates-gay-panic-as-a-defense-for-attacks-on-lgbt-people/ |url-status=live }}</ref> AB 2501 states that discovery of, knowledge about, or potential disclosure of the victim's actual or perceived gender, gender identity, gender expression, or sexual orientation does not, by itself, constitute sufficient provocation to justify a lesser charge of voluntary manslaughter.<ref name=CA-AB2501>{{cite California statute|year=2014|chapter=684|HR=AB 2501|url=https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140AB2501}}{{poemquote|An act to amend Section 192 of the Penal Code, relating to manslaughter. [Approved by Governor September 27, 2014. Filed with Secretary of State September 27, 2014.] [...] SECTION 1. Section 192 of the Penal Code is amended to read: :192. Manslaughter is the unlawful killing of a human being without malice. It is of three kinds: ::(a) Voluntaryβupon a sudden quarrel or heat of passion. ::[...] ::(f) (1) For purposes of determining sudden quarrel or heat of passion pursuant to subdivision (a), the provocation was not objectively reasonable if it resulted from the discovery of, knowledge about, or potential disclosure of the victim's actual or perceived gender, gender identity, gender expression, or sexual orientation, including under circumstances in which the victim made an unwanted nonforcible romantic or sexual advance towards the defendant, or if the defendant and victim dated or had a romantic or sexual relationship. Nothing in this section shall preclude the jury from considering all relevant facts to determine whether the defendant was in fact provoked for purposes of establishing subjective provocation. ::(2) For purposes of this subdivision, "gender" includes a person's gender identity and gender-related appearance and behavior regardless of whether that appearance or behavior is associated with the person's gender as determined at birth.}}</ref> In August 2017, [[Bruce Rauner]], Governor of [[Illinois]], signed SB1761,<ref name=IL-SB1761>{{cite web |url=http://ilga.gov/legislation/billstatus.asp?DocNum=1761&GAID=14&GA=100&DocTypeID=SB&LegID=104743&SessionID=91 |title=SB1761: Criminal Code β Sexual Orientation |publisher=Illinois General Assembly |date=2017 |access-date=June 1, 2019 |archive-date=March 14, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190314102830/http://ilga.gov/legislation/billstatus.asp?DocNum=1761&GAID=14&GA=100&DocTypeID=SB&LegID=104743&SessionID=91 |url-status=live }}</ref> banning the gay and trans panic defenses in that state.<ref>{{cite news |last=Riley |first=John |title=Illinois governor signs 'gay panic' and trans birth certificate bills into law |url=https://www.metroweekly.com/2017/08/illinois-governor-signs-gay-panic-trans-birth-certificate-bills-law |access-date=June 1, 2019 |newspaper=Metro Weekly |date=August 28, 2017 |archive-date=April 24, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424160054/https://www.metroweekly.com/2017/08/illinois-governor-signs-gay-panic-trans-birth-certificate-bills-law/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In June 2018, H7066aa and S3014,<ref name=RI-H7066aa>{{cite web |url=http://webserver.rilin.state.ri.us/BillText18/HouseText18/H7066aa.htm |title=An Act relating to criminal procedure β trials |date=January 3, 2018 |publisher=State of Rhode Island General Assembly |access-date=June 1, 2019 |archive-date=April 1, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401163057/http://webserver.rilin.state.ri.us/BillText18/HouseText18/H7066aa.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> bills to prohibit the gay and trans panic defense passed the [[Rhode Island Assembly]] with overwhelming margins: The House voted 68β2<ref>{{cite web |url=https://legiscan.com/RI/bill/H7066/2018 |title=Rhode Island House Bill 7066, Regular Session, 2018 |publisher=LegiScan |access-date=June 1, 2019 |archive-date=April 1, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401175308/https://legiscan.com/RI/bill/H7066/2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the Senate [[voice vote]]d 27β0.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://legiscan.com/RI/bill/S3014/2018 |title=Rhode Island Senate Bill 3014, Regular Session, 2018 |publisher=LegiScan |access-date=June 1, 2019 |archive-date=April 1, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401164049/https://legiscan.com/RI/bill/S3014/2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Governor of Rhode Island]] signed the bill into law a month later in July 2018. The law went into effect immediately.<ref>{{cite news |last=Gregg |first=Katherine |title=R.I. House votes to end 'gay or trans panic' defense |url=https://www.providencejournal.com/news/20180522/ri-house-votes-to-end-gay-or-trans-panic-defense |access-date=June 1, 2019 |newspaper=Providence Journal |date=May 22, 2018 |archive-date=April 1, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401181114/https://www.providencejournal.com/news/20180522/ri-house-votes-to-end-gay-or-trans-panic-defense |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2019, the [[New York State Legislature]] once again considered banning the gay panic defense.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/new-york-lawmakers-look-ban-controversial-gay-panic-defense-n962716 |title=New York lawmakers have officially banned 'gay and trans panic defense' in murder cases |last=Avery |first=Dan |date=January 25, 2019 |work=NBC News |access-date=June 1, 2019 |archive-date=May 18, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518222059/https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/new-york-lawmakers-look-ban-controversial-gay-panic-defense-n962716 |url-status=live }}</ref> For the 2019β2020 session, the bills considered were S3293 and A2707; prior versions of the bill have died in committee (S7048, 2013β14 session; A5467/S499, 2015β16 session; A5001/S50, 2017β18 session).<ref name=NY-S3293>{{cite web |url=https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2019/S3293 |title=Senate Bill S3293 |last=Hoylman |first=Brad |date=2019 |publisher=The New York State Senate |access-date=June 1, 2019 |archive-date=June 13, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613051143/https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2019/s3293 |url-status=live }}</ref> On June 30, 2019, the day of the [[NYC Pride March]], Governor [[Andrew Cuomo]] signed the ban into law, effective immediately.<ref name="cnn-30jun2019">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/06/30/us/new-york-cuomo-gay-panic-trans/index.html |title=New York bans gay and trans 'panic' defenses |last1=Joseph |first1=Elizabeth |date=June 30, 2019 |work=[[CNN]] |access-date=June 30, 2019 |last2=Croft |first2=Jay |archive-date=July 1, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701015655/https://www.cnn.com/2019/06/30/us/new-york-cuomo-gay-panic-trans/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In April 2019, both houses of the [[Hawaii State Legislature]] passed bills to prohibit the gay and trans panic defense (HB711 and SB2). A [[conference committee]] was set up to reconcile the two versions of the bill; the reconciled bill passed both houses on April 26, 2019, and was signed into law two months later, on June 26, 2019, by the [[Governor of Hawaii|Governor]] [[David Ige]]. It went into effect immediately.<ref name=HI-HB711>{{cite web |url=https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/measure_indiv.aspx?billtype=HB&billnumber=711&year=2019 |title=HB711 HD1 SD1: Relating to Criminal Defense |date=2019 |access-date=June 1, 2019 |archive-date=June 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190627102046/https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/measure_indiv.aspx?billtype=HB&billnumber=711&year=2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=HI-SB2>{{cite web |url=https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/measure_indiv.aspx?billtype=SB&billnumber=2&year=2019 |title=SB2 HD1: Relating to Criminal Defense |date=2019 |access-date=June 1, 2019 |archive-date=April 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210403193403/https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/Archives/measure_indiv_Archives.aspx?billtype=SB&billnumber=2&year=2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.staradvertiser.com/2019/06/26/breaking-news/non-binary-licenses-among-three-lgbtqia-bills-signed/ |title=Gov. Ige signs bill allowing non-binary gender designations on driver's licenses |last=Ladao |first=Mark |date=June 26, 2019 |newspaper=Honolulu Star-Advertiser |access-date=November 21, 2019 |archive-date=February 14, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214055054/https://www.staradvertiser.com/2019/06/26/breaking-news/non-binary-licenses-among-three-lgbtqia-bills-signed/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In May 2019, the [[Nevada Legislature]] passed SB97 to prohibit the gay and trans panic defense used within [[Nevada|Nevada state]] courts and tribunals. On May 14, 2019, [[Governor of Nevada|Governor]] [[Steve Sisolak]] signed SB97 into law. The law went into effect on October 1, 2019.<ref name=NV-SB97>{{cite web |url=https://www.leg.state.nv.us/App/NELIS/REL/80th2019/Bill/6080/Overview |title=Nevada Senate Bill SB97 |date=2019 |publisher=80th Nevada State Legislature |access-date=June 1, 2019 |archive-date=May 24, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524094720/https://www.leg.state.nv.us/App/NELIS/REL/80th2019/Bill/6080/Overview |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/nevada-bans-gay-panic-defense/ |title=Nevada moves towards banning 'gay panic' defense |date=April 17, 2019 |work=Gay Star News |first=Rik |last=Glauert |access-date=June 1, 2019 |archive-date=May 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190520204143/https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/nevada-bans-gay-panic-defense/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> In June 2019, the [[Connecticut General Assembly]] passed SB-0058 unanimously to prohibit the trans and gay panic defense. The bill was signed into law by [[Governor of Connecticut|Governor]] [[Ned Lamont]].<ref name=CT-SB0058>{{cite web |url=https://cga.ct.gov/2019/cbs/S/pdf/SB-0058.pdf |title=An Act concerning gay and transgender panic defense |publisher=Connecticut General Assembly |access-date=November 21, 2019 |archive-date=October 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027024234/https://www.cga.ct.gov/2019/cbs/S/pdf/SB-0058.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The law went into effect on October 1, 2019, as per the rules governed under the [[Constitution of Connecticut]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.yahoo.com/connecticut-lawmakers-move-ban-gay-213215029.html |title=Connecticut lawmakers move to ban 'gay panic defense' |agency=Associated Press |date=June 4, 2019 |work=Yahoo! News |access-date=November 21, 2019 |archive-date=June 10, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190610052002/https://news.yahoo.com/connecticut-lawmakers-move-ban-gay-213215029.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.courant.com/politics/capitol-watch/hc-pol-gay-panic-defense-connecticut-20190604-hfyxsjurpzdblmislgnavosnsi-story.html |title=Bill banning gay panic defense gets final passage in the House |last=Altimari |first=Daniela |date=June 4, 2019 |newspaper=Hartford Courant |access-date=November 21, 2019 |archive-date=July 12, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712161436/https://www.courant.com/politics/capitol-watch/hc-pol-gay-panic-defense-connecticut-20190604-hfyxsjurpzdblmislgnavosnsi-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Also in June 2019, the [[Maine Legislature]] passed a bill (House vote 132β1 and Senate vote 35β0), which was signed by [[Governor of Maine|Governor]] [[Janet Mills]] on June 21, 2019, to ban the "gay and trans panic defense" effective immediately.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lgbtmap.org//equality-maps/panic_defense_bans|website=Movement Advancement Project |title=Gay/Trans Panic Defense Bans|access-date=2020-05-22|archive-date=2020-05-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200523160816/https://www.lgbtmap.org/equality-maps/panic_defense_bans|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=ME-LD1632>{{cite web |url=http://legislature.maine.gov/LawMakerWeb/summary.asp?paper=HP1175&SessionID=13 |title=An Act Regarding Criminal Procedure with Respect to Allowable Defenses |date=2019 |publisher=Maine Legislature |access-date=November 21, 2019 |archive-date=May 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527174749/http://legislature.maine.gov/LawMakerWeb/summary.asp?paper=HP1175&SessionID=13 |url-status=live }}</ref> New Jersey passed a bill without a single vote in opposition to ban the gay and trans panic defense; it was signed into law in January 2020.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.advocate.com/crime/2020/1/21/nj-bans-gay-panic-murder-defense-and-not-one-legislator-objects |title=N.J. Bans 'Gay Panic' Murder Defense and Not One Legislator Objects |date=January 21, 2020 |magazine=[[The Advocate (LGBT magazine)|The Advocate]] |access-date=January 21, 2020 |archive-date=January 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200122001711/https://www.advocate.com/crime/2020/1/21/nj-bans-gay-panic-murder-defense-and-not-one-legislator-objects |url-status=live }}</ref> <!-- Please do not characterize the bans as "repeals" unless your source actually says that and is reliable on legal terminology. There are not specific laws allowing the defenses that can be repealed. There was no law against it so you were allowed to use the defense. It's a ban or prohibition. --> In February 2020, the [[Washington State Legislature]] passed a bill (House vote 90β5 with 3 excused and Senate vote 46β3) to abolish the gay panic defense. The bill was signed into law in March 2020, by the [[Governor of Washington State]] [[Jay Inslee]]. Washington state became the tenth US state to ban the gay panic defense when the law went into effect in June 2020.<!-- previous sentence was in future tense, assumed that it's now accurate --><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/washington/articles/2020-03-06/washington-state-bans-gay-panic-defense-of-homicide|title=Washington State Bans 'Gay Panic' Defense of Homicide|date=March 6, 2020|access-date=2020-03-11|archive-date=2020-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307161902/https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/washington/articles/2020-03-06/washington-state-bans-gay-panic-defense-of-homicide|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://katu.com/news/local/washington-approves-nikki-kuhnhausen-bill-to-ban-gay-panic-defense-of-homicide|title=Washington approves Nikki Kuhnhausen Bill to ban 'gay panic' defense of homicide|agency=Associated Press|date=February 27, 2020|website=KATU|access-date=May 22, 2020|archive-date=June 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607211815/https://katu.com/news/local/washington-approves-nikki-kuhnhausen-bill-to-ban-gay-panic-defense-of-homicide|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BillNumber=1687&Year=2019&Initiative=false|title=Washington State Legislature|website=app.leg.wa.gov|access-date=2019-11-21|archive-date=2020-03-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322060531/https://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BillNumber=1687&Initiative=false&Year=2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In July 2020, Colorado became the 11th US state to abolish the gay panic defense. The final vote was 63β1β1 in the House and 35β0 in the Senate. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Burness|first=Alex|date=July 13, 2020|title=Colorado becomes 11th state to ban LGBTQ 'panic defense'|url=https://www.denverpost.com/2020/07/13/colorado-gay-panic-defense-ban/|access-date=August 1, 2020|website=The Denver Post|language=en-US|archive-date=August 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809204931/https://www.denverpost.com/2020/07/13/colorado-gay-panic-defense-ban/|url-status=live}}</ref> In December 2020, the [[Council of the District of Columbia]] unanimously voted on a bill to ban the use of the "gay and trans panic defense". [[Muriel Bowser|Mayor Muriel Bowser]] said she would sign the measure. The bill will then go to Capitol Hill for a 30 legislative day review by Congress, required by the [[District of Columbia Home Rule Act]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=December 16, 2020|title=D.C. Council approves bill banning LGBTQ panic defense|url=https://www.washingtonblade.com/2020/12/16/d-c-council-approves-bill-banning-lgbtq-panic-defense/|access-date=December 20, 2020|website=Washington Blade|language=en-US|archive-date=December 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201219074825/https://www.washingtonblade.com/2020/12/16/d-c-council-approves-bill-banning-lgbtq-panic-defense/|url-status=live}}</ref> As of January 2021, similar bills have been introduced in several other states.<ref name="advocate.com">{{cite news |url=https://www.advocate.com/politics/2019/6/05/bill-congress-would-ban-gay-trans-panic-defenses |title=Bill in Congress Would Ban Gay, Trans 'Panic' Defenses |last=Ring |first=Trudy |date=June 5, 2019 |work=[[The Advocate (LGBT magazine)|The Advocate]] |access-date=November 21, 2019 |archive-date=January 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121064525/https://www.advocate.com/politics/2019/6/05/bill-congress-would-ban-gay-trans-panic-defenses |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="gaystarnews.com">{{cite news |url=https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/democrats-ban-gay-trans-panic-defense/ |title=Democrats are hoping to ban the gay and trans panic defense β again |last=Crittenton |first=Anya |date=June 5, 2019 |work=Gay Star News |access-date=November 21, 2019 |archive-date=July 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730064805/https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/democrats-ban-gay-trans-panic-defense/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{which|date=February 2021}} In 2023, New Hampshire enacted HB 315, sponsored by Rep. [[Shaun Filiault]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Green |first=Rick |date=2023-08-09 |title=After long journey, governor signs Filiault's bill banning gay-panic defense |url=https://www.sentinelsource.com/news/local/statehouse/after-long-journey-governor-signs-filiaults-bill-banning-gay-panic-defense/article_b7368fc6-3fed-517a-9657-6f560e801886.html |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=The Keene Sentinel |location=Keene, New Hampshire |language=en |archive-date=2024-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240127025717/https://www.sentinelsource.com/news/local/statehouse/after-long-journey-governor-signs-filiaults-bill-banning-gay-panic-defense/article_b7368fc6-3fed-517a-9657-6f560e801886.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The state officially became the first Republican-controlled state to abolish the gay and trans panic defense, and went into effect on midnight January 1, 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=mnemec |date=2023-08-18 |title=History Made in New Hampshire β LGBTQ+ 'Panic' Defense Banned |url=https://lgbtqbar.org/bar-news/history-made-in-new-hampshire-lgbtq-panic-defense-banned/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |publisher=The National LGBTQ+ Bar Association |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110194344/https://lgbtqbar.org/bar-news/history-made-in-new-hampshire-lgbtq-panic-defense-banned/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Effective from August 1, 2024, Minnesota implemented a law explicitly banning the gay and trans panic defense within an omnibus justice bill passed and signed into law in May 2024.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.losangelesblade.com/2024/05/28/minnesota-bans-gay-trans-panic-defense/ | title=Minnesota bans Gay & Trans Panic Defense | date=28 May 2024 | access-date=22 June 2024 | archive-date=6 June 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240606042429/https://www.losangelesblade.com/2024/05/28/minnesota-bans-gay-trans-panic-defense/ | url-status=live }}</ref> The Michigan legislature passed a ban on the use of the gay and trans panic defense on June 27, 2024.<ref name="michigan bill" /> The bill was signed into law by Governor [[Gretchen Whitmer]] on July 23, 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2024/07/michigan-gov-gretchen-whitmer-signs-bill-banning-gay-or-trans-panic-defense/|title=Michigan Gov. Gretchen Whitmer signs bill banning 'gay or trans panic' defense|date=24 July 2024|access-date=24 July 2024|website=[[LGBTQ Nation]]}}</ref>
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