Editing Garuda (section)

==As a cultural and national symbol==
[[File:Garuda by Ida Made Tlaga 19th c.jpg|thumb|upright|right|Garuda according to Ida Made Tlaga, a 19th-century [[Bali]]nese artist.]]
In India and the rest of [[Southeast Asia]] the eagle symbolism is represented by Garuda, a large bird with eagle-like features that appears in both Hindu and Buddhist epic as the [[vahana]] (vehicle) of the god [[Vishnu]]. Garuda became the national [[emblem of Thailand]] and [[Garuda Pancasila|Indonesia]]; [[Thailand]]'s Garuda is rendered in a more traditional anthropomorphic style, while that of [[Indonesia]] is rendered in heraldic style with traits similar to the real [[Javan hawk-eagle]].

===Cambodia===
[[File:Cambodge Banteay Srei Temple (2).jpg|thumb|250px|right|Garuda guardian sculptures ''(two on right side)'', [[Banteay Srei]] temple, [[Cambodia]].]]
The word Garuda ({{langx|km|គ្រុឌ}} – " ''Krud'' ") is literally derived from Sanskrit.<ref>Khmer dictionary of Buddhist institute of Cambodia, published in 1967.</ref>

* In Cambodia, Khmer architects have used the Garuda sculptures as the exquisite ornate to equip on temples, [[Vihara]]s of [[wat]] and many elite houses since ancient time, especially from [[Khmer empire]] era until nowadays. 
* Garuda is also mentioned in many legendary tales as the vehicle of [[Vishnu]] and its main rival is [[Nāga|Naga]].

=== China ===
*In China, Garuda (Chinese: {{lang|ja|迦楼羅}} Jiālóuluó) is considered one of the [[Eight Legions|Eight Legions of Devas and Nāgas]]. Another Chinese name for Garuda is [[Golden Winged Great Peng|Great Peng]], the Golden-Winged Illumination King ({{lang|zh|大鵬金翅明王}})
* In some temples in the [[Zhongyuan|Central Plains]], Garuda is also considered to be a manifestation of [[Avalokiteśvara|Avalokitesvara]], the [[Guanyin|Bodhisattva Guanyin]].

===India===
[[File:Garuda emblem.png|thumb|upright=1.2|{{center|Garuda emblem of the [[Gupta Empire]].}}]]
India primarily uses Garuda as a martial motif:

* Royal insignia (''Garudadhvaja'') of the [[Gupta Empire]]. 
* [[Garud Commando Force]] is a [[special forces]] unit of the [[Indian Air Force]], specialising in operations deep behind enemy lines.<ref>{{cite news | title = Here's everything you need to know about Indian Air Force's elite Garud Commandos #Pathankotattacks | newspaper = India Times | date = 4 January 2016 | author = Abhishek Saksena | url = http://www.indiatimes.com/culture/who-we-are/here-s-everything-you-need-to-know-about-indian-air-force-s-elite-garud-commandos-pathankotattacks-249057.html | access-date = 25 August 2017 | archive-date = 25 August 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170825191743/http://www.indiatimes.com/culture/who-we-are/here-s-everything-you-need-to-know-about-indian-air-force-s-elite-garud-commandos-pathankotattacks-249057.html | url-status = live }}</ref>
* [[Brigade of the Guards]] of the [[Indian Army]] uses Garuda as their symbol
* [[The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India]] (ICAI) uses Garuda as their logo<ref>{{cite web |title=ICAI unveils new logo to commemorate the start of its 75th year |url=https://news.caclubindia.com/icai-unveils-new-logo-to-commemorate-the-start-of-its-75th-year-22382.asp#:~:text=The%20logo%20features%20a%20modern,of%20the%20chartered%20accounting%20profession |website=CAclubindia |access-date=16 July 2023 |date=30 June 2023}}</ref>
* Elite bodyguards of the medieval [[Hoysala]] kings were called Garudas
* [[Kerala]] and [[Andhra Pradesh]] state road transport corporations use Garuda as the name for a/c mofussil buses
* Garuda rock, a rocky cliff in [[Tirumala]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]]
* The insignia of the 13th century [[Aragalur]] chief, Magadesan, included [[Rishabha (Hinduism)|Rishabha]] the sacred bull and the Garud
* Indian [[Hindi]]-language TV serial ''[[Dharm Yoddha Garud]]'', based on the life of Garuda<ref>{{cite news |title=Dharam Yoddha Garud: 5 things you didn't know about Garud |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/dharam-yoddha-garud-5-things-you-didnt-know-about-garud/articleshow/89963784.cms |access-date=12 May 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=3 March 2022 |language=en |archive-date=21 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321145107/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/dharam-yoddha-garud-5-things-you-didnt-know-about-garud/articleshow/89963784.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

'''As an art form'''
* [[Garudan Thookkam|Garudan Thookam]], a temple dance primarily found in Central Kerala districts, where dancers dress as Garuda, and dance in praise of [[Kali|Goddess Kali]].

===Indonesia===
{{see also|Javan hawk-eagle|Brahminy kite}}
{{Commons category|Garuda in Indonesia}}
[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Groep Balinese danseressen met op de voorgrond een man verkleed als de legendarische vogel Garoeda TMnr 10004672.jpg|thumb|Balinese dancers including a man dressed as Garuda (1935).]]
[[Image:Coat of Arms of Indonesia Garuda Pancasila.svg|thumb|The [[national emblem of Indonesia]], which uses a Garuda.]]
[[Indonesia]] uses the Garuda in a form called the ''[[National emblem of Indonesia|Garuda Pancasila]]'' as its [[Coat of arms of Indonesia|national symbol]]. The Garuda Pancasila is coloured black or [[Gilding|gilded]], symbolising both the greatness of the nation and the ''elang Jawa'' ([[Javan hawk-eagle]] ''Nisaetus bartelsi''). The black color represents nature. There are 17 feathers on each wing, 8 on the lower tail, 19 on the upper tail and 45 on the neck, which together make up the date 17 August 1945, when [[Proclamation of Indonesian Independence|Indonesia proclaimed its independence]]. The shield it carries bears the [[motto]] ''[[Pancasila (politics)|Panca Sila]]'', which symbolises self-defense and protection in struggle.<ref name="embassyofindonesia.org"/>

* [[Garuda Indonesia]] - national [[airline]] of Indonesia
* [[Garuda Contingent]] - [[UN Peacekeeping|peacekeeping]] force of the [[Indonesian National Armed Forces]] 
* [[Airlangga University]], one of the oldest and leading university in Indonesia uses Garuda on its emblem. The emblem, containing a Garuda in a blue and yellow circle, is called "Garudamukha", and depicts Garuda as the bearer of knowledge, carrying a jug of ''[[Amrita]]'', the water of eternity, symbolising eternal knowledge.
* In [[Bali]] and [[Java]], the Garuda has become a cultural symbol. The wooden statue and mask of Garuda is a popular feature in artworks and souvenirs.{{citation needed |date=July 2019}}
** The tallest Garuda statue, made of copper and brass standing {{convert|75|m|ft|1}} tall (or 122 metres tall including the pedestal), is located in [[Garuda Wisnu Kencana]] complex in [[Bali]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Bali The Garuda Wisnu statue is set to become second tallest statue in the world |url=https://www.architecturaldigest.in/content/bali-garuda-wisnu-statue/ |website=Architecture & Design |date=29 July 2018 |access-date=8 March 2020 |archive-date=24 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024183817/https://www.architecturaldigest.in/content/bali-garuda-wisnu-statue/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* The stylised brush stroke that resembles Garuda appears in [[2011 Southeast Asian Games#Logo|the logo of 2011 Southeast Asian Games]], held in [[Palembang]] and [[Jakarta]], Indonesia.
* The stylised curves that took the form of Garuda Pancasila appears in the logo of [[Tourism in Indonesia#Branding|Wonderful Indonesia tourism campaign]].

===Japan===
[[File:Karura of Kofukuji.jpg|thumb|upright|Wingless statue of Garuda or [[Karura]] in [[Kofukuji]] Temple, [[Nara, Nara|Nara]], Japan, eighth century.]]
* The [[Karura]] ({{lang|ja|迦楼羅}}) is a divine creature with human torso and birdlike head in Japanese Hindu-Buddhist epics.<ref>{{cite web | title = Karura 迦楼羅, Karura-Ō 迦楼羅王 (Skt. = Garuda) Bird of Life, Celestial Eagle, Half Bird Half Man | work = Japanese Buddhist Statuary | url = http://www.onmarkproductions.com/html/karura.shtml | access-date = 25 August 2017 | archive-date = 18 August 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170818050413/http://www.onmarkproductions.com/html/karura.shtml | url-status = live }}</ref>
* [[File:Kannon Avatar Garuda.jpg|thumb|Karura (Garuda) as an avatar of the goddess Kannon, fifteenth century.]]The name is a transliteration of Garuda (Sanskrit: {{lang|sa|Garuḍa गरुड}}; Pāli: {{lang|pi|Garuḷa}}) a race of enormously gigantic birds in Hinduism, upon which the Japanese Buddhist version is based. The same creature may go by the name of konjichō ({{lang|ja|金翅鳥}}, lit. "gold-winged bird", Skr. {{lang|sa|suparṇa}}).

===Malaysia===
In the northern Peninsular state of [[Kelantan]], the ''Geroda'' ({{langx|ms|label=[[Jawi alphabet|Jawi]]|{{Script|Arab|ݢرودا}}|italic=unset}}) often appears in stories of ''[[Wayang Kulit]] Kelantan'' as well as becoming the main motif of [[Burung Petala Processions|Burung Petala Indera]] boat-chariot made for special [[Sultan of Kelantan|royal]] processions in the early 20th century.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Mohd Nasrulamiazam Bin Mohd Nasir |title=Pertala Indera Boat : Historical and Cultural Aspects of Bird-Themed Boats in Kelantan, Malaysia |journal=Bulletin of the [[National Museum of Ethnology (Japan)|National Museum of Ethnology]] |date=Dec 2022 |volume=47 |issue=1 |page=39-62 |doi=10.15021/00009962}}</ref>

===Mongolia===
* The Garuda, known as Khangarid, is the symbol of the capital city of [[Mongolia]], [[Ulaanbaatar]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Michael|last=Kohn|title=[[Lonely Planet]] Mongolia (Country Guide)|year=2005|page=52|publisher=Lonely Planet |isbn=1-74059-359-6}}</ref> According to popular Mongolian belief, Khangarid is the mountain spirit of the [[Bogd Khan Uul]] range who became a follower of Buddhist faith. Today he is considered the guardian of that mountain range and a symbol of courage and honesty.
* Khangarid (Хангарьд), a football (soccer) team in the [[Mongolia Premier League]] also named after Garuda.
* State Garuda (Улсын Гарьд) is a title given to the debut runner up in wrestling tournament during Mongolian National Festival Naadam.

===Myanmar===
* In Burmese epics, which was influenced by Hindu-Buddhist beliefs, Garuda is known as [[Mythical creatures in Burmese folklore|Galone]], the nemesis of the [[Nāgas]].<ref>{{cite book | title = The Return of the Galon King: History, Law, and Rebellion in Colonial Burma | author = Maitrii Aung-Thwin | publisher = NUS Press | year = 2011 | isbn = 978-9971-69-509-5 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=U37wBgAAQBAJ&q=Galon+Burmese+Garuda&pg=PA122 | page = 122 | access-date = 31 October 2020 | archive-date = 6 July 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230706211045/https://books.google.com/books?id=U37wBgAAQBAJ&q=Galon+Burmese+Garuda&pg=PA122 | url-status = live }}</ref>
*The Garuda symbolises [[Sunday]] in the [[Burmese zodiac]], which is based on the days of the week.

===Nepal===
{{Commons category|Garuda in Nepal}}
* Garuda is found in Nepalese traditions of Hinduism and Buddhism.
* The first sounding rocket of Nepal is named Garuda.
* The central bank, [[Nepal Rastra Bank]] uses Garuda in their official logo.
* Ancient palaces in Kathmandu Valley use statue of Garuda at their gates.

[[File:C360 2015-07-05-14-06-53-267.jpg|thumb|upright|right|Sun Dhoka Golden Gate with the Goddess Taleju Bhawani<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mahavidya.ca/2015/03/03/taleju-bhavani-and-kumari-worship|title=Taleju Bhawani and Kumari (goddess) worship|date=3 March 2015|last=Rodrigues|first=Hillary|access-date=8 October 2019|archive-date=8 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191008082328/http://www.mahavidya.ca/2015/03/03/taleju-bhavani-and-kumari-worship/|url-status=live}}</ref> and Garuda, leading to the Royal Palace, [[Durbar Square]], [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]], [[Bhaktapur]], [[Nepal]].]]

===Philippines===
* in [[Luzon]] Mythology, Garuda or Galurâ (in [[Kapampangan language|Kapampangan]]) is a winged assistant of [[Maria Sinukuan|Apúng Sinukuan (Mariang Sinukuan)]], he is represented by a giant eagle and believed to be the bringer of storms.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://arayat2012.tripod.com/maria.htm|title=The Legend of Maria Sinukuan|access-date=16 July 2010|archive-date=28 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100228162856/http://arayat2012.tripod.com/maria.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url = https://www.academia.edu/11314629|title = Myths and Legends of Pinatubo and Arayat |website=Academia |last1 = Manansala|first1 = Paul|access-date = 8 January 2022|archive-date = 8 January 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220108103421/https://www.academia.edu/11314629|url-status = live}}</ref>
* The [[Maranao people]] of southern Philippines believe in a race of creatures called ''garuda'' who dwell beneath the sea. These beings are winged, have big teeth, and huge talons that can carry six men. They look like eagles when flying in the sky but transform into humans when in their lairs.<ref>{{cite web| title = A Compendium of Creatures & Mythical Beings from Philippine Folklore & Mythology| work = The Aswang Project| date = 22 February 2016| url = https://www.aswangproject.com/creatures-mythical-beings-philippine-folklore-mythology/| access-date = 19 April 2019| archive-date = 27 March 2019| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190327145840/https://www.aswangproject.com/creatures-mythical-beings-philippine-folklore-mythology/| url-status = live}}</ref>
* Artifacts from the [[Tabon Caves]] in the island of [[Palawan]], is an image of Garuda, the bird who is the mount of Vishnu. The discovery of sophisticated Hindu imagery in gold.<ref>Anna T. N. Bennett (2009), Gold in early Southeast Asia, ArcheoSciences, Volume 33, pp 99–107</ref>

===Suriname===
* In [[Suriname]], there is a radio and TV station called Radio en Televisie Garuda, which broadcasts programming from [[Indonesia]], particularly [[Java]], aimed at the [[Javanese Surinamese]] population.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rtv-garudasuriname.com/ |title=Garuda Radio & TV Suriname, het eerste Javaanse medium na 105 jaar Javaanse Immigratie in Suriname. |website= |publisher=Garuda Radio & TV |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117040412/https://rtv-garudasuriname.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Thailand===
{{Commons category|Garuda in Thailand}}
[[File:Bangkok Royal Barge National Museum 2.jpg|thumb|upright|Garuda as the masthead of Thai royal barge.]]
[[Thailand]] uses the Garuda ({{langx|th|ครุฑ, khrut}}) as [[Emblem of Thailand|its national symbol]], known as the ''Phra Khrut Pha'', meaning "Garuda, the vehicle (of Vishnu)," also used as the symbol of royalty.<ref>{{cite web| title = Thailand Information| work = Royal Embassy of Thailand in Doha, Qatar| url = http://www.thaiembassy.org/doha/en/relation| access-date = 25 August 2017| archive-date = 25 August 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170825194026/http://www.thaiembassy.org/doha/en/relation| url-status = live}}</ref> It adorns the banknote of their currency - the Baht - as well.<ref name="Garuda̠-Thai-Currency">{{cite web | title = Garuda: a symbol on Thai currency | work = emuseum.treasury.go.th | url = http://emuseum.treasury.go.th/articles-en/537-garuda-coin.html | access-date = 25 August 2017 | archive-date = 24 March 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190324085902/http://emuseum.treasury.go.th/articles-en/537-garuda-coin.html }}</ref>
* Almost all official documents issued by the government or monarchy bear the Garuda at the top, from royal commandments to land deeds and court orders. The Kingdom of Siam has had an image of Garuda in its coins since at least the [[Ayutthaya era]].<ref name="Garuda̠-Thai-Currency" />
* Statues and images of Garuda adorn many Buddhist temples in Thailand. It also has become a cultural symbol of Thailand.
* The figure of Garuda is also installed as the figurehead or masthead of [[Royal Barge Procession|Thai royal barges]].

===United States===
[[File:VAQ-134 Emblem.svg|thumb|180px]]
The Electronic Attack Squadron 134 ([[VAQ-134]]) of the [[United States Navy]] is named after and uses the Garuda Insignia.