Editing Galen (section)

==Psychology==
===Mind–body problem===
{{further|Mind–body problem}}

Galen believed there is no sharp distinction between the mental and the physical.<ref name="hankinson1991"/><ref name="auto"/> This was a controversial argument at the time, and Galen agreed with some Greek philosophical schools in believing that the mind and body were not separate faculties.<ref name="lloyd2007"/> He believed that this could be scientifically shown.<ref name="hankinson1991"/> This was where his opposition to the Stoics became most prevalent.<ref name="gill2007"/> Galen proposed organs within the body to be responsible for specific functions. According to Galen, the Stoics' lack of scientific justification discredited their claims of the separateness of mind and body, which is why he spoke so strongly against them.<ref name="hankinson1991"/> There is an intense scholarly debate about soul–body relations in Galen's psychological writings.<ref name="auto"/> In his brief treatise ''Quod animi mores'', Galen says both that the soul "follows" the mixtures of the body, and that the soul is a bodily mixture. Scholars have offered ways of reconciling these claims, arguing for a materialist reading of Galen's philosophy of mind. According to this materialist reading, Galen identifies the soul with the mixtures of the body.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Marechal|first1=Patricia|last2=Mathesis Publications|date=2019|title=Galen's Constitutive Materialism|url=https://philpapers.org/rec/MARGCM |journal=Ancient Philosophy|volume=39|issue=1|pages=191–209|doi=10.5840/ancientphil201939110|s2cid=172100654|issn=0740-2007}}</ref>

===Psychotherapy===
Another one of Galen's major works, ''On the Diagnosis and Cure of the Soul's Passion'', discussed how to approach and treat psychological problems.<ref name="king2009"/> This was Galen's early attempt at what would later be called [[psychotherapy]]. His book contained directions on how to provide counsel to those with psychological issues to prompt them to reveal their deepest passions and secrets, and eventually cure them of their mental deficiency. The leading individual, or therapist, had to be a male, preferably of an older, wiser, age, as well as free from the control of the passions.<ref name="king2009"/> These passions, according to Galen, caused the psychological problems that people experienced.