Editing Francis of Assisi (section)

==Character and legacy==
[[Image:Francis_wolf.JPG|thumb|right|St. Francis talking to the [[wolf of Gubbio]] ([[:de:Carl Weidemeyer|Carl Weidemeyer]], 1911)]]
[[File:Sacro Monte Orta - Kapelle 13 Karneval 1.jpg|thumb|Francis led semi-naked for humility]]
Francis set out to replicate Christ and literally carry out his work. This is important in understanding Francis' character, his affinity for the Eucharist and his respect for the priests who carried out the sacrament.{{sfn|Brady|Cunningham|2020}} He preached: "Your God is of your flesh, He lives in your nearest neighbour, in every man."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Eimerl |first=Sarel |url=https://archive.org/details/worldofgiottoc1200eime |title=The World of Giotto: c. 1267–1337 |publisher=Time-Life Books |others=et al |year=1967 |isbn=0-900658-15-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/worldofgiottoc1200eime/page/15 15] |url-access=registration}}</ref>

He and his followers celebrated and even venerated poverty, which was so central to his character that in his last written work, the Testament, he said that absolute personal and [[corporate poverty]] was the essential lifestyle for the members of his order.{{sfn|Brady|Cunningham|2020}}

He believed that nature itself was the mirror of God. He called all creatures his "brothers" and "sisters" and even preached to the birds<ref name="b78" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Brunforte |first=Ugolino |author-link=Ugolino Brunforte |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rR25UQD0E6YC&pg=PT1 |title=The Little Flowers of St. Francis of Assisi |publisher=[[Christian Classics Ethereal Library|CCEL]] |isbn=978-1-61-025212-6 |location=[[Calvin College]] |orig-date=1958}}</ref> and supposedly persuaded a [[Wolf of Gubbio|wolf in Gubbio]] to stop attacking some locals if they agreed to feed the wolf. His deep sense of brotherhood under God embraced others and he declared that "he considered himself no friend of Christ if he did not cherish those for whom Christ died".{{sfn|Brady|Cunningham|2020}}

Francis's visit to Egypt and attempted [[rapprochement]] with the Muslim world had far-reaching consequences, long past his own death, since after the fall of the [[Kingdom of Jerusalem|Crusader Kingdom]], it would be the Franciscans, of all Catholics, who would be allowed to stay on in the Holy Land and be recognized as "[[Custodian of the Holy Land|Custodians of the Holy Land]]" on behalf of the [[Catholic Church]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Custody of the Holy Land |url=https://terrasanta.edu.jo/en.aspx?id=3 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928160912/https://terrasanta.edu.jo/en.aspx?id=3 |archive-date=28 September 2021 |access-date=2021-05-09 |website=terrasanta.edu.jo}}</ref>

At Greccio near Assisi, around 1220, Francis celebrated Christmas by setting up the first known ''presepio'' or ''crèche'' ([[Nativity scene]]).<ref name="b178">Bonaventure (1867), p. 178</ref> His nativity imagery reflected the scene in traditional paintings. He used real animals to create a living scene so that the worshipers could contemplate the birth of the child Jesus in a direct way, making use of the senses, especially sight.<ref name="b178" /> Both Thomas of Celano and [[Saint Bonaventure|Bonaventure]], biographers of Francis, tell how he used only a straw-filled manger (feeding trough) set between a real [[ox]] and [[donkey]].<ref name="b178" /> According to Thomas, it was beautiful in its simplicity, with the manger acting as the altar for the Christmas Mass.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thomas of Celano |title=Francis of Assisi: Early Documents |publisher=New City Press |isbn=1-56548-115-1 |editor-last=Armstrong, O.F.M. Cap. |editor-first=Regis J. |volume=1 |publication-date=2001 |pages=255 |chapter=The Life of Saint Francis |orig-date=1228–1229 |editor-last2=Hellmann, O.F.M. Conv. |editor-first2=J. A. Wayne |editor-last3=Short, O.F.M. |editor-first3=William J. |chapter-url=https://digitalcollections.franciscantradition.org/document/bx4700-f6f722-1999/francis_of_assisi_early_documents_-_the_saint/1999-00-00?pageNo=255}}</ref>

Some modern commentators and animal rights advocates have mistakenly portrayed Francis as a vegetarian. However, historical records indicate that he did consume meat and his earliest biographers make no mention of him adhering to a meatless diet.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Frayne, Carl |year=2016 |title=On Imitating the Regimen of Immortality or Facing the Diet of Mortal Reality: A Brief History of Abstinence from Flesh-Eating in Christianity |journal=Journal of Animal Ethics |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=188–212 |doi=10.5406/janimalethics.6.2.0188 |jstor=10.5406}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Grumett, David |year=2007 |title=Vegetarian or Franciscan? Flexible Dietary Choices Past and Present |url=https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/files/79822354/GrumettJSRNC2007VegetarianOrFranciscan.pdf |journal=Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature and Culture |volume=1 |issue=4 |pages=450–467 |doi=10.1558/jsrnc.v1i4.450 |issn=1749-4907}}</ref> Francis's favourite dish was shrimp pie.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Marabini, Liana |date=2020 |title=Shrimp and pike, Saint Francis' favourite dishes |url=https://newdailycompass.com/en/shrimp-and-pike-saint-francis-favourite-dishes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240912214858/https://newdailycompass.com/en/shrimp-and-pike-saint-francis-favourite-dishes |archive-date=September 12, 2024 |website=Daily Compass |language=en-GB}}</ref>

===Nature and the environment===
{{See also|Wolf of Gubbio}}
[[File:St Francis Statue 2.JPG|thumb|left|A garden statue of Francis of Assisi with birds]]
Francis preached the Christian doctrine that the world was created good and beautiful by God but suffers a need for redemption because of human sin. As someone who saw God reflected in nature, "St. Francis was a great lover of God's creation ..."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Warner OFM |first=Keith |date=April 2010 |title=St. Francis: Patron of ecology |url=https://www.uscatholic.org/church/2010/09/st-francis-patron-ecology |journal=U.S. Catholic |volume=75 |issue=4 |page=25}}</ref> In the [[Canticle of the Sun]] he gives God thanks for Brother Sun, Sister Moon, Brother Wind, Water, Fire and Earth, all of which he sees as rendering praise to God.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Doyle |first=Eric |title=St. Francis and the Song of Brotherhood and Sisterhood |date=1996 |publisher=Franciscan Institute |isbn=978-1576590034}}</ref>

Many of the stories that surround the life of Francis say that he had a great love for animals and the environment.<ref name="b78">Bonaventure (1867), pp.&nbsp;78–85</ref> The ''[[Fioretti]]'' ("Little Flowers") is a collection of [[legend]]s and folklore that sprang up after his death. One account describes how one day, while Francis was travelling with some companions, they happened upon a place in the road where birds filled the trees on either side. Francis told his companions to "wait for me while I go to preach to my sisters the birds."<ref name="b78" /> The birds surrounded him, intrigued by the power of his voice and not one of them flew away. He is often portrayed with a bird, typically in his hand.<ref name=":0" />

Another legend from the ''Fioretti'' tells that in the city of [[Gubbio]], where Francis lived for some time, was a [[Wolf of Gubbio|wolf "terrifying and ferocious, who devoured men as well as animals"]]. Francis went up into the hills and when he found the wolf, he made the sign of the cross and commanded the wolf to come to him and hurt no one. Then Francis led the wolf into the town and surrounded by startled citizens made a pact between them and the wolf. Because the wolf had "done evil out of hunger", the townsfolk were to feed the wolf regularly. In return, the wolf would no longer prey upon them or their flocks. In this manner [[Gubbio]] was freed from the menace of the predator.<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www.ewtn.com/library/MARY/flowers1.htm |title=The Little Flowers of Saint Francis |year=1926 |editor-last=Hudleston |editor-first=Roger |access-date=19 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705232048/http://www.ewtn.com/library/mary/flowers1.htm |archive-date=5 July 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

On 29 November 1979, [[Pope John Paul II]] declared Francis the patron saint of [[ecology]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pope John Paul II |author-link=Pope John Paul II |date=29 November 1979 |title=Inter Sanctos (Apostolic Letter AAS 71) |url=http://francis35.org/pdf/papal_declaration.en.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809222858/http://francis35.org/pdf/papal_declaration.en.pdf |archive-date=9 August 2014 |access-date=7 August 2014}}</ref> On 28 March 1982, John Paul II said that Francis' love and care for creation was a challenge for contemporary Catholics and a reminder "not to behave like dissident predators where nature is concerned, but to assume responsibility for it, taking all care so that everything stays healthy and integrated, so as to offer a welcoming and friendly environment even to those who succeed us."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pope John Paul II |date=28 March 1982 |title=Angelus |url=https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/it/angelus/1982/documents/hf_jp-ii_ang_19820328.html |access-date=9 June 2020}}</ref> The same Pope wrote on the occasion of the World Day of Peace, 1 January 1990, that Francis "invited all of creation – animals, plants, natural forces, even Brother Sun and Sister Moon – to give honour and praise to the Lord. The poor man of Assisi gives us striking witness that when we are at peace with God we are better able to devote ourselves to building up that peace with all creation which is inseparable from peace among all peoples."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pope John Paul II |author-link=Pope John Paul II |date=8 December 1989 |title=World Day of Peace 1990 |url=https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/messages/peace/documents/hf_jp-ii_mes_19891208_xxiii-world-day-for-peace_en.html |access-date=24 October 2012}}</ref>

In 2015, [[Pope Francis]] published his encyclical letter [[Laudato Si']] about the ecological crisis and "care for our common home", which takes its name from the [[Canticle of the Sun]], which Francis of Assisi composed. It presents Francis as "the example par excellence of care for the vulnerable and of an integral ecology lived out joyfully and authentically".<ref>[https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/encyclicals/documents/papa-francesco_20150524_enciclica-laudato-si.html Pope Francis, "Laudato Si': On care for our common home", Libreria Editrice Vaticana.]</ref> This inspired the birth of the [[Laudato Si' Movement]], a global network of nearly 1000 organizations promoting the Laudato Si' message and the Franciscan approach to ecology.<ref>[https://www.ncronline.org/earthbeat/politics/global-catholic-climate-group-rebrands-laudato-si-movement "Global Catholic climate group rebrands as Laudato Si' Movement", National Catholic Reporter, August 2, 2021.]</ref>

===Feast day===
{{Main|Feast of Saints Francis and Catherine}}
[[File:Tomb of Saint Francis - Basilica di San Francesco - Assisi 2016.jpg|thumb|Francis' last resting place at [[Assisi]]]]

Francis' [[feast day]] is observed on 4 October. A secondary feast in honour of the [[stigmata]] received by Francis, celebrated on 17 September, was inserted in the [[General Roman Calendar]] in 1585 (later than the [[Tridentine calendar]]) and suppressed in 1604, but was restored in 1615. In the New Roman Missal of 1969, it was removed again from the General Calendar, as something of a duplication of the main feast on 4 October and left to the calendars of certain localities and of the Franciscan Order.<ref>Calendarium Romanum (Libreria Editrice Vaticana), p. 139</ref> Wherever the Tridentine Missal is used, however, the feast of the Stigmata remains in the General Calendar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Stigmata of Saint Francis, Appearing and Disappearing in the Liturgy |url=http://www.newliturgicalmovement.org/2018/09/the-stigmata-of-saint-francis-appearing.html |access-date=2021-05-09}}</ref>

Francis is [[Calendar of saints (Church of England)| honoured]] with a [[Lesser Festival (Anglicanism)|Lesser Festival]] in the [[Calendar of saints (Church of England)|Church of England]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Calendar |url=https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/common-worship/churchs-year/calendar |access-date=2021-04-09 |website=The Church of England}}</ref> the [[Calendar of saints (Anglican Church of Canada)|Anglican Church of Canada]], the [[Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church)|Episcopal Church USA]], the [[Union of Utrecht (Old Catholic)|Old Catholic Churches]], the [[Evangelical Lutheran Church in America]] and other churches and religious communities on [[October 4|4 October]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Francis of Assisi |url=https://stfranciscrockett.com/st-francis-of-assisi |access-date=2021-02-02 |website=St. Francis of Tejas Church}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Robinson |first=Michael |title=St. Francis of Assisi: The Legend and the Life |publisher=A&C Black |year=1999 |isbn=0-225-66736-3 |location=Great Britain |pages=267}}</ref>

It is a popular practice on Francis' feast day for people to bring their pets and other animals to church for a blessing.<ref>[https://www.earthday.org/patron-saint-animals-ecology/ Pappas, William. "The Patron Saint of Animals and Ecology", Earthday.org, October 6, 2016]</ref>

===Papal name===
On 13 March 2013, upon his [[2013 papal conclave|election]] as Pope, Archbishop and [[College of Cardinals|Cardinal]] Jorge Mario Bergoglio of [[Argentina]] chose Francis as his [[papal name]] in honor of Francis of Assisi, becoming [[Pope Francis]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pope Francis |author-link=Pope Francis |date=16 March 2013 |title=Audience to Representatives of the Communications Media |url=https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/francesco/speeches/2013/march/documents/papa-francesco_20130316_rappresentanti-media_en.html |access-date=9 August 2014}}</ref><ref name="Marotta 2016">{{Cite book |last=Marotta |first=Giulia |title=Handbook of Global Contemporary Christianity: Movements, Institutions and Allegiance |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-90-04-26539-4 |editor-last=Hunt |editor-first=Stephen J. |editor-link=Stephen J. Hunt |series=Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion |volume=12 |location=[[Leiden]] |pages=165–184 |chapter=Revolutionary Monasticism?: Franciscanism and Ecclesiastical Hierarchy as a Hermeneutic Dilemma of Contemporary Catholicism |doi=10.1163/9789004310780_009 |issn=1874-6691}}</ref>

At his first audience on 16 March 2013, Pope Francis told journalists that he had chosen the name in honor of Francis of Assisi because of his concern for the poor.<ref name="Marotta 2016" /><ref name="Pope Francis explains decision to take St Francis of Assisi">{{Cite news |date=16 March 2013 |title=Pope Francis explains decision to take St Francis of Assisi's name |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/mar/16/pope-francis-st-francis-assisi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130317092441/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/mar/16/pope-francis-st-francis-assisi |archive-date=17 March 2013 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref><ref name="Fracis">{{Cite web |date=14 March 2013 |title=New Pope Francis visits St. Mary Major, collects suitcases and pays bill at hotel |url=http://www.news.va/en/news/new-pope-francis-visits-st-mary-major-collects-sui |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130317025225/http://www.news.va/en/news/new-pope-francis-visits-st-mary-major-collects-sui |archive-date=17 March 2013 |access-date=4 January 2017 |work=[[News.va]]}}</ref><ref>Michael Martínez, [http://www.cnn.com/2013/03/13/world/pope-name/index.html?hpt=hp_t1 CNN Vatican analyst: Pope Francis' name choice 'precedent shattering'], ''[[CNN]]'' (13 March 2013). Retrieved 13 March 2013.</ref> The pontiff recounted that Cardinal [[Cláudio Hummes]] had told him, "Don't forget the poor", right after the election; that made Bergoglio think of Francis.<ref>Laura Smith-Spark et al. : [https://web.archive.org/web/20130317035923/http://edition.cnn.com/2013/03/16/world/europe/vatican-new-pope/index.html?hpt=hp_t1 Pope Francis explains name, calls for church 'for the poor'] ''CNN'', 16 March 2013</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=16 March 2013 |title=Pope Francis wants 'poor Church for the poor' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-21812545 |access-date=16 March 2013 |work=BBC News}}</ref> It is the first time a pope has taken the name.{{efn|On the day of his election, the Vatican clarified that his official papal name was "Francis", not "Francis I". A Vatican spokesman said that the name would become Francis I if and when there is a Francis II.<ref name="Fracis" /><ref name="Vatican: It">{{Cite news |last=Alpert |first=Emily |date=13 March 2013 |title=Vatican: It's Pope Francis, not Pope Francis I |url=https://www.latimes.com/world/la-xpm-2013-mar-13-la-fg-wn-vatican-pope-francis-name-20130313-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130315094438/http://www.latimes.com/news/world/worldnow/la-fg-wn-vatican-pope-francis-name-20130313,0,1309501.story |archive-date=15 March 2013 |access-date=4 January 2017 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref>}}

===Patronage===
[[File:Our Lady of Perpetual Help Catholic Church (Grove City, Ohio) - St. Francis of Assisi relic.jpg|thumb|right|250px|A [[relic]] of Francis of Assisi]]

On 18 June 1939, [[Pope Pius XII]] named Francis a joint [[patron saint]] of Italy along with [[Catherine of Siena]] with the apostolic letter "Licet Commissa".<ref>[[Pope Pius XII]] (18 June 1939). "Licet Commissa" (Apostolic Letter AAS 31, pp. 256–257)</ref> Pope Pius also mentioned the two saints in the laudative discourse he pronounced on 5 May 1949, in the Church of [[Santa Maria sopra Minerva]].{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}

Francis is the patron of animals and ecology.<ref name="franciscanmedia.org" /> As such, he is the patron saint of the [[Laudato Si' Movement]], a network that promotes the Franciscan ecological paradigm as outlined in the encyclical Laudato Si'.<ref>[https://laudatosimovement.org/who-we-are/ Laudato Si' Movement, "Who we are", retrieved March 2, 2023]</ref>

He is also considered the patron against dying alone{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}; against fire; patron of the [[Franciscan Order]] and [[Catholic Action]];<ref name="cns">[https://www.catholicsun.org/2018/10/04/feast-of-st-francis-of-assisi/ "Feast of St. Francis of Assisi", Catholic News Service, October 4, 2018]</ref> of families, peace and needleworkers.<ref name="newman">[http://www.newmanconnection.com/faith/saint/saint-francis-of-assisi "Saint Francis of Assisi", Newman Connection]</ref> and a number of religious congregations.<ref name=cns/>

He is the patron of many [[St. Francis of Assisi Church (disambiguation)|churches and other locations]] around the world, including: Italy;<ref name=newman/> [[St. Paul's Bay|San Pawl il-Baħar]], Malta; [[Freising]], Germany; [[Lancaster, England]]; [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Kottapuram|Kottapuram, India]]; [[Buhi, Camarines Sur]], Philippines; [[General Trias]], Philippines; San Francisco;<ref name=newman/> [[Santa Fe, New Mexico]]; [[Colorado]]; [[Salina, Kansas]]; [[Metuchen, New Jersey]]; and [[Quibdó]], Colombia.

===Outside Catholicism===
====Anglicanism====

One of the results of the [[Oxford Movement]] in the [[Anglican Communion|Anglican Church]] during the 19th century was the re-establishment of religious orders, including some of Franciscan inspiration. The principal Anglican communities in the Franciscan tradition are the [[Community of St. Francis]] (women, founded 1905), the Poor Clares of Reparation (P.C.R.), the [[Society of Saint Francis|Society of St. Francis]] (men, founded 1934) and the [[Community of St. Clare]] (women, enclosed).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Society of St Francis |url=https://anglicanfranciscans.org/index.php |access-date=25 January 2024 |publisher=anglicanfranciscans.org}}</ref>{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}

A U.S.-founded order within the Anglican world communion is the Seattle-founded order of Clares in Seattle (Diocese of Olympia), The Little Sisters of St. Clare.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Little Sisters of St. Clare |url=http://www.stclarelittlesisters.org/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902173451/http://www.stclarelittlesisters.org/ |archive-date=2 September 2010 |access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref>

The Anglican church retained the Catholic tradition of blessing animals on or near Francis' feast day of 4 October, and more recently Lutheran and other Protestant churches have adopted the practice.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bliss |first=Peggy Ann |date=3 October 2019 |title=Animals to be blessed Saturday at Episcopal Cathedral |url=http://www.sanjuanweeklypr.com/pdf/ediciones-pasadas/Oct-3-19.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191007024646/http://www.sanjuanweeklypr.com/pdf/ediciones-pasadas/Oct-3-19.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2019 |access-date=6 October 2019 |work=The San Juan Daily Star |page=20}}</ref>

====Protestantism====
{{main|Franciscan spirituality in Protestantism}}
Several Protestant groups have emerged since the 19th century that strive to adhere to the teachings of St. Francis.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Heimann |first=Mary |date=May 2017 |title=The secularisation of St Francis of Assisi |journal=British Catholic History |volume=33 |issue=3 |pages=401–420 |doi=10.1017/bch.2017.4 |issn=2055-7973 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

There are also some small Franciscan communities within European Protestantism and the [[Old Catholic Church]]. There are some [[Franciscan orders in Lutheranism|Franciscan orders in Lutheran Churches]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Order of Lutheran Franciscans |url=http://www.lutheranfranciscans.org |access-date=20 June 2015 |publisher=Lutheranfranciscans.org}}</ref> including the [[Order of Lutheran Franciscans]], the [[Evangelical Sisterhood of Mary]] and the Evangelische Kanaan Franziskus-Bruderschaft (Kanaan Franciscan Brothers).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Robson |first=Michael J. P. |title=The Cambridge Companion to Francis of Assisi |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2011 |isbn=9780511978128}}</ref>

====Orthodox churches====
Francis is not officially recognized as a saint by any Orthodox Church and the Orthodox Church has not pronounced any official view on the stigmata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manifestations - Questions & Answers |url=https://www.oca.org/questions/romancatholicism/manifestations}}</ref> Orthodox Saint, bishop and theologian [[Ignatius Brianchaninov]] referred to a particular hagiographer of Francis of Assisi as being in delusion:

"As an example of a book written in the state of delusion called opinion, we cite the following: 'When Francis was caught up to heaven,' says a writer of his life, 'God the Father, on seeing him, was for a moment in doubt to as [sic] to whom to give the preference, to His Son by nature, or to His son by grace-Francis.' What can be more frightful or madder than this blasphemy, what can be sadder than this delusion?".<ref>Chapter 11 from "The Arena" by Ignatius Brianchaninov.</ref> 

Francis of Assisi received limited veneration by Orthodox Christians in the Middle Ages, and there are Orthodox icons of him at the Church of Panagia Kera at Kritsa, in Crete.<ref>The church of Panagia Kera at Kritsa. Orthodox Crete. Retrieved from: https://orthodoxcrete.com/en/places/the-church-of-panagia-kera-at-kritsa/</ref>

Francis' feast is celebrated at [[New Skete (New York)|New Skete]], an [[Eastern Orthodoxy|Eastern Orthodox]] [[monastic]] community in [[Cambridge (town), New York|Cambridge, New York]] founded by Catholic Franciscans in the 20th century.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Events, New Skete Monastery |url=https://newskete.org/events#cedf0dc2-8e10-4c59-a72c-a3a3517beb29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119133924/https://newskete.org/events#cedf0dc2-8e10-4c59-a72c-a3a3517beb29 |archive-date=19 November 2021 |access-date=21 December 2019 |website=newskete.org}}</ref>

St. [[Joseph the Hesychast]] had Francis as his baptismal name, with the Greek tradition requiring a Saint's name to be taken at baptism.

Romanian Orthodox priest, iconographer and saint, [[Arsenie Boca]] painted an icon of Saints in Draganescu Church, which included St. Francis of Assisi.<ref name="Discovery">Comșuța Radu, The Discovery of a Mystery, 2018, Descoperirea unei Taine. Retrieved from: https://www.academia.edu/41412677/The_Discovery_of_a_Mystery</ref>

[[File:Icon of St. Francis of Assisi in Draganescu Church, Romania.png|thumb|Icon of Saints, including Francis of Assisi, by Romanian Orthodox Saint Arsenie Boca, located in Draganescu Church.<ref name="Discovery" />]]

====Other religions====

Outside of Christianity, other individuals and movements are influenced by the example and teachings of Francis. These include the popular philosopher [[Eckhart Tolle]], who has made videos on the spirituality of Francis.<ref>{{Cite web |title=St Francis of Assisi – What is Perfect Joy! |url=https://www.eckharttollenow.com/new-home-video/?shortcode=7ti9fq |access-date=26 June 2019 |website=Eckhart Tolle Now}}</ref>

The interreligious spiritual community of [[Skanda Vale]] in Wales also takes inspiration from the example of Francis and models itself as an interfaith Franciscan order.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Skanda Vale – Frequently asked questions |url=https://www.skandavale.org/faq/ |access-date=14 November 2018 |website=Skanda Vale}}</ref>

===Main writings===
[[File:Lucas wadding, francisci assisiatis opuscula, per balthasar moretus, anversa 1623 (coll. priv.).jpg|thumb|300px|''Francisci Assisiatis opuscula'', Antverpiae, apud Balthasarem Moretum, 1623]]
* ''Canticum Fratris Solis'' or ''Laudes Creaturarum''; [[Canticle of the Sun]], 1224
* ''Oratio ante Crucifixum'', Prayer before the Crucifix, 1205 (extant in the original Umbrian dialect as well as in a contemporary Latin translation)
* ''Regula non bullata'', the Earlier Rule, 1221
* ''Regula bullata'', the Later Rule, 1223
* ''Testament'', 1226
* ''Admonitions'', 1205 to 1209<ref>{{Cite web |title=Essay about St. Francis and the Franciscan Admonitions &#124; Bartleby |url=https://www.bartleby.com/essay/St-Francis-And-The-Franciscan-Admonitions-FKNT35YTC}}</ref>
For a complete list, see ''The Franciscan Experience''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Writings of St. Francis – Part 2 |url=http://www.christusrex.org/www1/ofm/fra/FRAwr02.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128093924/http://www.christusrex.org/www1/ofm/fra/FRAwr02.html |archive-date=28 January 2013 |access-date=17 January 2013}}</ref>

Francis is considered the first Italian poet by some literary critics.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3uq0bObScHMC |title=The Cambridge History of Italian Literature |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-52166622-0 |editor-last=Brand |editor-first=Peter |chapter=2 – Poetry. Francis of Assisi (pp. 5ff.) |access-date=31 December 2015 |editor-last2=Pertile |editor-first2=Lino |editor-link2=Lino Pertile |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3uq0bObScHMC&pg=PA5}}</ref> He believed commoners should be able to pray to God in their own language and often wrote in [[Umbrian language|Umbrian]] rather than Latin.<ref name="Francis">{{Cite book |last=Chesterton |first=G.K. |url=http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/stf01010.htm |title=St. Francis |publisher=Image |year=1987 |isbn=0-385-02900-4 |pages=160 p |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812043401/http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/stf01010.htm |archive-date=12 August 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

The anonymous 20th-century prayer "[[Prayer of Saint Francis|Make Me an Instrument of Your Peace]]" is widely attributed to Francis, but there is no evidence for it.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Renoux |first=Christian |title=La prière pour la paix attribuée à saint François: une énigme à résoudre |publisher=Editions franciscaines |year=2001 |isbn=2-85020-096-4 |location=Paris}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Renoux |first=Christian |title=The Origin of the Peace Prayer of St. Francis |url=http://www.franciscan-archive.org/franciscana/peace.html |access-date=9 August 2014}}</ref>
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