Editing Foreign relations of Russia (section)

== Bilateral relations ==

=== Africa ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:11%;"| Formal relations began
! style="width:74%;"| Notes
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Algeria}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Algeria–Russia relations]]
* Russia has an [[Embassy of Russia in Algiers|Embassy in Algiers]] and a consulate in [[Annaba]].
* Algeria has an [[Embassy of Algeria in Moscow|Embassy in Moscow]].
Diplomatic relations between Algeria and the Soviet Union were established for the first time on 23 March 1962. The Soviet Union and Algeria engaged in cordial bilateral relations, due to their shared anti-colonial sentiments.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mousli |first=Malek |date=2019-12-15 |title=Algerian-Russian Cooperation: True Strategic Partnership? |url=https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2019-19-2-284-292 |journal=Vestnik RUDN. International Relations |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=284–292 |doi=10.22363/2313-0660-2019-19-2-284-292 |issn=2313-0679}}</ref> From 1962 to 1989, the Soviet Union supplied more than $11 billion in arms to Algeria.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Katz |first=Mark N. |date=2007-11-27 |title=R<scp>ussia and</scp> A<scp>lgeria</scp>: P<scp>artners or</scp> C<scp>ompetitors</scp>? |url=https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4967.2007.00330.x |journal=Middle East Policy |volume=14 |issue=4 |pages=152–157 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-4967.2007.00330.x |issn=1061-1924}}</ref>

Russia currently enjoys very warm relations with Algeria.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Mixed Balance Sheet: Russia's Uneven Influence in the Maghreb |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2024/10/russias-uneven-influence-maghreb?lang=en |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace |language=en}}</ref> The two countries signed a Strategic Partnership Declaration in 2001 aimed at strengthening military, economic, and political ties. Russia is still Algeria's largest supplier of arms, and the two countries have conducted multiple joint military exercises. The two countries also engage in bilateral investment, with frequent cooperation in the sectors of hydrocarbons and agriculture.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Algeria-Russia Ties: Beyond Military Cooperation? |url=https://mecouncil.org/publication/algerian-russian-relations-military-cooperation/ |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=Middle East Council on Global Affairs |language=en-US}}</ref>  When Algerian President [[Abdelmadjid Tebboune]] visited Russia in 2023, the two countries signed an Enhanced Strategic Partnership which further expanded avenues for cooperation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-15 |title=The President of Russia and the President of Algeria made statements for the press |url=http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/71437 |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=President of Russia |language=en}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Angola}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Angola–Russia relations]] or [[Angola–Soviet Union relations]]
Russia has an [[embassy]] in [[Luanda]]. Angola has an [[Embassy of Angola in Moscow|embassy in Moscow]] and an honorary consulate in [[Saint Petersburg]]. Angola and the precursor to Russia, the Soviet Union, established relations upon Angola's independence.
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|{{flag|Benin}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Benin–Russia relations]]
Russia has an [[embassy]] in [[Cotonou]], and Benin has an embassy in Moscow.<ref>{{in lang|ru}} [http://www.mid.ru/ns-rafr.nsf/strana?OpenView&Start=1&Count=30&Expand=3#3 Benin–Russia relations at the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs]</ref>
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|{{flag|Botswana}}||<!--Date started-->6 March 1970||See [[Botswana–Russia relations]]

Botswana and the [[Soviet Union]] initiated diplomatic relations on 6 March 1970. Despite its pro-Western orientation, Botswana [[Botswana at the 1980 Summer Olympics|participated]] in the [[1980 Summer Olympics]]. The present-day relations between the two countries are described as friendly and long standing. In March, the two countries also celebrated the 35th anniversary of establishing diplomatic relations. According to the minister of Foreign Affairs, Russia was one of the first countries to establish full diplomatic relations with Botswana.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.botswana.mid.ru/articles_relations_e_09.html |title=WE MUST EXPLOIT RUSSIA'S POTENTIAL |access-date=7 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202131955/http://www.botswana.mid.ru/articles_relations_e_09.html |archive-date=2 February 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Trade and economic cooperation between Russia and Botswana are stipulated by the Trade Agreement of 1987 and the Agreement on Economic and Technical Cooperation of 1988. The Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Republic of Botswana signed the Agreement on Cultural, Scientific and Educational Cooperation in September 1999. Russia and Botswana have had fruitful cooperation in a variety of fields, particularly in human resource development. And Russia is still offering more scholarship in key sectors such as health, which is currently experiencing a critical shortage of manpower. Botswana also is one of the countries where Russian citizens do not require a visa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.botswana.mid.ru/relations_e.html |title=Botswana-Russia relations |access-date=7 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090329052738/http://www.botswana.mid.ru/relations_e.html |archive-date=29 March 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Russia has an embassy in Gaborone, while Botswana covers Russia from its embassy in [[Stockholm]] ([[Sweden]]) and an honorary consulate in [[Moscow]].
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|{{flag|Burkina Faso}}||<!--Date started-->18 February 1967||See [[Burkina Faso – Russia relations]]
Diplomatic relations between Burkina Faso and the Soviet Union were established for the first time on 18 February 1967. After the breakup of the Soviet Union, Burkina Faso recognized Russia as the USSR's successor. However financial reasons has shut the embassies between the two nations. In 1992, the embassy of the Russian Federation in [[Ouagadougou]] was closed, and in 1996, the embassy of Burkina Faso in Moscow was closed. While, after Ibrahim Traore rise in power, due Russia-Africa Summit 2023, Russia decided to reopen their embassy in [[Ouagadougou]].
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|{{flag|Burundi}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Burundi–Russia relations]]
Russia has an [[embassy]] in [[Bujumbura]]. Burundi has an embassy in [[Moscow]]. Relations improved when Burundian relations with the west deteriorated.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/08/28/how-the-west-lost-burundi/ |title=How the West Lost Burundi – Foreign Policy |publisher=Foreignpolicy.com |date=28 August 2015 |access-date=2 January 2019}}</ref> In recent years, Russia and Burundi consistently remains similar visions and collaboration in international arena, including UN framework.
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|{{flag|Cameroon}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Cameroon–Russia relations]]
Russia has an embassy in Yaoundé, and Cameroon has an embassy in Moscow. While, relations between two countries remains strong and deepen with high level trust.
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|{{flag|Cape Verde}}||<!--Date started-->||
Russia is represented in Cape-Verde by its embassy in [[Praia]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.capeverde.mid.ru/ |title=Главная страница |publisher=Capeverde.mid.ru |access-date=26 August 2018 |archive-date=26 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126012441/http://www.capeverde.mid.ru/ |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mid.ru/en/maps/cv/?currentpage=main-country |title=Cabo Verde - The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation |publisher=Mid.ru |date=9 December 2014 |access-date=26 August 2018}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Central African Republic}}||<!--Date started-->|| See [[Central African Republic–Russia relations]]
In March 2018, Russia agreed to provide free military aid to the Central African Republic, sending small arms, ammunition, and 175 instructors to train the [[Central African Armed Forces]].<ref>{{cite news |publisher=[[Russian News Agency TASS]] |quote="At the request of the Central African Republic's president, Russia decided to provide the country with free military aid," he said. According to him, with the consent of the United Nations Security Council committee, the Russian Defense Ministry handed a batch of small arms and ammunition to the armed forces of the Central African Republic and sent five military and 170 civilian instructors to train the country's military servicemen. |url=http://tass.com/defense/995674 |date=22 March 2018 |title=Russia provides free military aid to Central African Republic — Foreign Ministry}}</ref> The advisers are believed to be members of the [[Wagner Group]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/08/russian-mercenaries-wagner-africa/568435/ |magazine=[[The Atlantic]] |quote=Then, in March 2018, the Kremlin issued a statement that 170 "civilian advisors" (widely understood to mean Wagner forces) had arrived in the CAR to train government forces. At the end of July, another 500 alleged Wagner fighters appeared on the Sudan-CAR border. |title=Russia's Favorite Mercenaries |date=27 August 2018 |first=Neil |last=Hauer}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Democratic Republic of the Congo–Russia relations]]
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Egypt}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1943|08|26}}||See [[Egypt–Russia relations]]

* Egypt has an [[Embassy of Egypt in Moscow|embassy in Moscow]].
* Russia has an embassy in Cairo and a consulate-general in [[Alexandria]].
Egypt enjoyed as the most important allies in many sphere, and major trade partners for Russia in recent years.
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|{{flag|Eswatini}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Eswatini–Russia relations]]
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}||1943-4-21
| See [[Ethiopia–Russia relations]]
* Russia currently has an [[embassy]] in [[Addis Ababa]].
* Ethiopia has an [[Embassy of Ethiopia in Moscow|embassy in Moscow]]. The Ethiopian ambassador to Russia is also accredited to [[Armenia]], [[Azerbaijan]], [[Belarus]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Moldova]], [[Tajikistan]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Ukraine]], and [[Uzbekistan]].
* The history of this relationship has its origins in the 19th century. Russia supplied the mountain guns the Ethiopian army used in the [[Battle of Adwa]].
* More recently, the [[Soviet Union]] was a major source of military and economic aid under the [[Derg]] and during the [[People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia]].
* See also [[Alexander Bulatovich]]
* Relations are somewhat unsure owing to Russia's close ties with Ethiopia's neighboring rival, [[Sudan]].
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|{{flag|Eritrea}}||1943-4-21
| See [[Eritrea–Russia relations]]
* Russia has an [[embassy]] in [[Asmara]].
* Eritrea has an embassy in [[Moscow]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Gambia}}||<!--Date started-->1965-07-17||See [[Gambia–Russia relations]]
Both countries have established diplomatic relations on 17 July 1965. Diplomatic relations were later established once again after the breakup of the [[Soviet Union]]. The Gambia has an embassy in [[Moscow]]. Russia is represented in the Gambia through its embassy in [[Dakar]] ([[Senegal]]).
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|{{flag|Ghana}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Ghana–Russia relations]]
Russia has an [[embassy]] in [[Accra]], and Ghana has an [[Embassy of Ghana in Moscow|embassy in Moscow]].
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|{{flag|Guinea-Bissau}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Guinea-Bissau–Russia relations]]
Guinea-Bissau has an [[embassy of Guinea-Bissau in Moscow|embassy in Moscow]], and Russia has an embassy in Bissau.
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|{{flag|Ivory Coast}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Ivory Coast–Russia relations]]
Russia works on [[United Nations|UN]] missions to help the people of Ivory Coast. The help is sometimes done from the Russian embassy in Abidjan, but is also done from the embassy in [[Accra, Ghana]]. From these point of view, Russia regarded the outcome of the extraordinary summit held in [[Dakar]], [[Senegal]], of the Economic Community for West African States.
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|{{flag|Kenya}}||<!--Start Date--> ||See [[Kenya–Russia relations]]
* Russia has an embassy in [[Nairobi]].
* Kenya has an embassy in Moscow.
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|{{flag|Liberia}}||<!--Start Date--> ||
Liberia and Russia renewed bilateral relations in March 2010 and cited a recent exploration of mine by a Russian company as a sign of future trade relations.<ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/201003180524.html Russia And Italy Renew Ties With Liberia] Government of Liberia, 17 March 2010</ref>
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|{{flag|Libya}}||<!--Start Date--> ||{{main|Libya–Russia relations}}
[[Russia]] sharply criticised the [[NATO]]-led [[2011 military intervention in Libya|military intervention]] in the Libyan civil war, though it chose not to use its veto power on the [[United Nations Security Council]] to block it. On 27 May 2011, [[President of Russia|Russian President]] [[Dmitri Medvedev]] said that although [[Moscow]] opposed the military operations, it believed Gaddafi should leave power.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.cnn.com/2011-05-27/world/libya.war_1_moammar-gadhafi-nato-led-european-leaders?_s=PM:WORLD|agency=CNN|access-date=21 September 2011|date=27 May 2011|title=In diplomatic shift, Russia calls for Gadhafi to step down|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723163254/http://articles.cnn.com/2011-05-27/world/libya.war_1_moammar-gadhafi-nato-led-european-leaders?_s=PM:WORLD|archive-date=23 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In early June 2011, Russian envoy [[Mikhail Margelov]] was received in [[Benghazi]], the ''de facto'' headquarters of the Libyan opposition. Margelov's stated objective was to broker a truce between [[anti-Gaddafi forces]] and the Gaddafi-led government.<ref>{{cite news|date=7 June 2011|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-russia-idUSTRE7564E620110607|title=Russian envoy visits Benghazi for Libya mediation|access-date=21 September 2011|archive-date=26 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141126020659/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/06/07/us-libya-russia-idUSTRE7564E620110607|url-status=live}}</ref> He recognized the council as Libya's sole legitimate representative, which it did on 1 September 2011.<ref>{{cite news|first=Steve|last=Gutterman|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-russia-idUSTRE7800WS20110901|work=Reuters|title=Russia recognises Libya's Transitional Council|date=1 September 2011|access-date=21 September 2011|archive-date=27 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150327043921/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/09/01/us-libya-russia-idUSTRE7800WS20110901|url-status=live}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Madagascar}}|| ||See [[Madagascar–Russia relations]]
The establishment of diplomatic relations between Madagascar and the [[Soviet Union]] started on 29 September 1972.

During the [[2009 Malagasy political crisis]], Russia's [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Russia)|Foreign Minister]] [[Sergey Lavrov]] stated that Russia is "concerned by the increased frequency of attempts on the African continent to resort to non-constitutional methods of solving internal political problems." He went on to say that, in addition to increasing economic and social problems, the use of force is of concern and runs counter to democratic principles, whilst affirming Russia's support of the African Union's position.<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.mid.ru/brp_4.nsf/e78a48070f128a7b43256999005bcbb3/60b7aec8a2dafcaac325757c0060d251?OpenDocument |title= Transcript of Remarks and Response to Media Questions by Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation Sergey Lavrov at Joint Press Conference Following Talks with Ojo Maduekwe, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Nigeria, Moscow, March 17, 2009|date=17 March 2009|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia]] |access-date=18 March 2009}}</ref>
* Madagascar has an embassy in Moscow.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ambamadagascar.ru/|title=Посольство Мадагаскара в РФ - Обращение Посла МАДАГАСКАРА в РФ|website=Ambamadagascar.ru|access-date=26 August 2017|archive-date=8 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808111333/http://www.ambamadagascar.ru/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Russia has an embassy in Antananarivo.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.madagascar.mid.ru/|title=Главная - Министерство иностранных дел Российской Федерации|website=Madagasxar.mid.ru|access-date=26 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430003539/http://www.madagascar.mid.ru/|archive-date=30 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Mali}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Mali–Russia relations]]
Russia has an [[embassy]] in [[Bamako]], and Mali has an [[Embassy of Mali in Moscow|embassy in Moscow]].

Since [[Assimi Goïta]] took power via military coup in 2021, the Malian government has sought closer ties with Russia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-09 |title=Mali: Avoiding the Trap of Isolation {{!}} Crisis Group |url=https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/sahel/mali/b185-mali-eviter-le-piege-de-lisolement |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=www.crisisgroup.org |language=en}}</ref> The Russian government has provided economic and military support to Mali via arms transfers and trade.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-06 |title=M-DIME {{!}} Russian Military Influence In Mali |url=https://oe.tradoc.army.mil/product/m-dime-russian-military-influence-in-mali/ |access-date=2024-12-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Despite denial from the Malian government, there is also overwhelming evidence supporting [[Wagner Group]] operations in Mali.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Palmer |first1=Alexander |last2=Jr |first2=Joseph S. Bermudez |last3=Jun |first3=Jennifer |date=2024-12-10 |title=Base Development in Mali Indicates Continued Russian Involvement |url=https://www.csis.org/analysis/base-development-mali-indicates-continued-russian-involvement |language=en}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Mauritania}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Mauritania–Russia relations]]
Russia has an [[embassy]] in [[Nouakchott]], and Mauritania has an [[Embassy of Mauritania in Moscow|embassy in Moscow]].
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|{{flag|Mauritius}}||<!--Date started-->17 March 1968||See [[Mauritius–Russia relations]]
The [[Soviet Union]] and Mauritius established diplomatic relations on 17 March 1968.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ginsburgs |first1=George |last2=Slusser |first2=Robert M. |title=A calendar of Soviet treaties, 1958–1973 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|BRILL]] |year=1981 |isbn=90-286-0609-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3X4nnE7eKjEC |page=846 |access-date=18 July 2009}}</ref> Russia has an embassy in [[Port Louis]], and Mauritius has an embassy in Moscow, which was opened in July 2003.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mid.ru/ns-rafr.nsf/89414576079db559432569d8002421fc/2d1c6bcdbe47bb48c3257147004706b5?OpenDocument |title=Российско-маврикийские отношения |date=16 February 2009 |work=[[Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] |access-date=20 July 2009}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Morocco}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Morocco–Russia relations]]
Russia has an embassy in [[Rabat]], and a consular office in [[Casablanca]]. Morocco is represented in Russia by its embassy to [[Moscow]]. President [[Vladimir Putin]] had paid a visit to Morocco in September 2006 in order to boost economic and military ties between Russia and Morocco.
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|{{flag|Mozambique}}||<!--Date started-->25 June 1975||See [[Mozambique–Russia relations]]
Mozambique-Russia relations date back to the 1960s, when Russia began to support the struggle of Mozambique's Marxist-oriented [[FRELIMO]] party against [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese colonialism]].  Most leaders of the [[FRELIMO]] were trained in Moscow.  Diplomatic relations were formally established on 25 June 1975, soon after [[History of Mozambique#Independence|Mozambique gained its independence]] from [[Portugal]]. In June 2007, both Russia and Mozambique signed an agreement on economic cooperation.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.russianspy.org/2007/06/01/russia-to-develop-economic-cooperation-with-mozambique/ |title=Russia to Develop Economic Cooperation with Mozambique |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070803063837/http://www.russianspy.org/2007/06/01/russia-to-develop-economic-cooperation-with-mozambique/ |archive-date=3 August 2007}}</ref> Russia has an embassy in Maputo while Mozambique has an embassy in [[Moscow]].
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|{{flag|Namibia}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Namibia–Russia relations]]
Namibia has an embassy to Russia in Moscow and Russia has an embassy to Namibia in Windhoek. Relations between Namibia and Russia were considered "excellent" in 2006 by then-Namibian Minister of Education [[Nangolo Mbumba]], while Russia expressed a desire for even stronger relations, particularly in the economic field. Also in 2006, the Namibia-Russia Intergovernmental Commission on Trade and Economic Cooperation was officially opened during a visit by Russian Natural Resources Minister [[Yuri Trutnev]] to [[Windhoek]]. During said visit, the Minister said Russia was interested in investing in oil, hydro-electric power and tourism.<ref>[http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200607/28/eng20060728_287595.html Russia urges more trade with mineral-rich Namibia] People's Daily, 28 July 2006</ref> In 2007, Russian Prime Minister [[Mikhail Fradkov]] held discussions with Namibian Deputy Prime Minister [[Nahas Angula]] and President [[Hifikepunye Pohamba]] in regards to the possibility of developing Namibia's significant uranium deposits with an aim towards creating a nuclear power plant in the country.<ref>[https://archive.today/20110711003232/http://www.fin24.com/articles/default/display_article.aspx?Nav=ns&ArticleID=1518-25_2085428 Russia, Namibia in nuke talks] Fin24.com, 18 March 2007</ref> In 2008, Trutnev returned to Namibia, this time to [[Swakopmund]], to meet at the third annual Intergovernmental Commission. Top foreign ministry official [[Marco Hausiku]] and his deputy [[Lempy Lucas]] represented Namibia in discussions with Trutnev.<ref>[http://www.namibian.com.na/2008/November/marketplace/083FB873A5.html Russian minist in trade talks with Nam] The Namibian, 28 November 2008 {{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Nigeria}}||<!--Date started-->25 November 1960||See [[Nigeria–Russia relations]]
* Nigeria has an [[Embassy of Nigeria in Moscow|embassy in Moscow]].
* Russia has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos.
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|{{flag|Senegal}}||<!--Date started-->14 June 1962||See [[Russia–Senegal relations]]
Russia has an embassy in Dakar and Senegal has an embassy in Moscow. The Soviet Union established diplomatic relations with Senegal on 14 June 1962.
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|{{flag|Seychelles}}||<!--Date started-->1976-06-30||See [[Russia–Seychelles relations]]
[[Diplomatic relations]] between Seychelles and the [[Soviet Union]] were established on 30 June 1976, a day after the island nation gained its independence from the [[United Kingdom]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ginsburgs|first=George|title=A calendar of Soviet treaties, 1974-1980|publisher=[[Brill Publishers|BRILL]]|year=1987|page=163|chapter=1976|isbn=90-247-3628-5|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pSyu2DzyfNoC&pg=PA163|access-date=27 May 2009}}</ref> [[Diplomatic missions of Russia|Russia has an embassy]] in [[Victoria, Seychelles|Victoria]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mid.ru/zu_r.nsf/e0f3cd1a55ff248dc32571e7003f460b/21216b84f02e86d4c32565e8003604cc?OpenDocument|script-title=ru:Посольство в Виктории|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia]]|access-date=27 May 2009|language=ru}}</ref> Seychelles is represented in Russia through its embassy in [[Paris]] ([[France]]) and an honorary consulate in [[Saint Petersburg]].
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|{{flag|South Africa}} ||1942||See [[Russia–South Africa relations]]
* Russia has an embassy in [[Pretoria]] and a consulate-general in [[Cape Town]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.russianembassy.org.za/ |title=Russian embassy in Pretoria |publisher=Russianembassy.org.za |access-date=15 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110321171228/http://www.russianembassy.org.za/ |archive-date=21 March 2011 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* South Africa has an embassy in Moscow.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.saembassy.ru/index.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071201004918/http://www.saembassy.ru/index.php|url-status=dead|title=South African embassy in Moscow|archive-date=1 December 2007}}</ref>
* South African Department of Foreign Affairs about the relation with Russia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dfa.gov.za/foreign/bilateral/russia.html|title=Department of International Relations and Cooperation - South Africa|website=www.dfa.gov.za}}</ref>
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|{{flag|South Sudan}} ||<!--Date started-->{{dts|22 August 2011}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kremlin.ru/acts/7414 |title=Президент России |date=10 April 2010 |publisher=Kremlin.ru |access-date=10 April 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100415211422/http://kremlin.ru/acts/7414| archive-date= 15 April 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|script-title=ru:Россия, США и Китай признали Республику Южный Судан|url=http://www.rg.ru/2011/07/09/priznanie-anons.html|date=9 July 2011|newspaper=[[Rossiyskaya Gazeta]]|language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90777/90853/7579602.html |title=Russia establishes diplomatic relations with South Sudan |website=People's Daily Online |date=25 August 2011 |access-date=19 March 2012}}</ref>||See [[Russia–South Sudan relations]]
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|{{flag|Sudan}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Russia–Sudan relations]]
Russia has an embassy in [[Khartoum]] and Sudan has an embassy in [[Moscow]].

For decades, [[Russia]] and [[Sudan]] have maintained a strong economic and politically strategic partnership. Due to solidarity with both the [[United States]] and with the [[Soviet Union]] and with the allies of the two nations, Sudan declared neutrality and instead chose membership in the [[Non-Aligned Movement]] throughout the [[Cold War]]. Russo-Sudanese relations were minorly damaged when, in 1971 members of the [[Sudanese Communist Party]] attempted to assassinate then-president [[Gaafar Nimeiry]], and Nimeiry pegged the blame on the USSR, thus enhancing Sudanese relations with the West, and were damaged again when Sudan supported the [[Mujahadeen]] in [[Afghanistan]] [[Soviet–Afghan War|when the USSR invaded in 1979]]. Due to [[United States|a common enemy]], diplomatic cooperation between the two countries dramatically got back on track during the late 1990s and early 2000s, when [[Vladimir Putin]] was elected the [[President of Russia|President]], and then the [[Prime Minister of Russia]], and along with [[President of the People's Republic of China|Chinese]] leader [[Hu Jintao]] opposed [[United Nations|UN]] Peacekeepers in [[Darfur]]. Russia strongly supports Sudan's [[territorial integrity]] and opposes the creation of an independent Darfurian state. Also, Russia is Sudan's strongest investment partner in [[Europe]] and political ally in Europe, and Russia has repeatedly and significantly regarded Sudan as an important global ally in [[Africa|the African continent]]. For decades there have been Sudanese collegians studying in Russian universities.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Tanzania}}||<!--Date started-->1961-01-11|| See [[Russia–Tanzania relations]]
Both countries have signed diplomatic missions on 11 December 1961 Russia has an [[embassy]] in [[Dar es Salaam]], and Tanzania has an [[Embassy of Tanzania in Moscow|embassy in Moscow]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tanzania.ru/russian/index.html |title=Embassy of Tanzania in Moscow |access-date=23 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090528095721/http://www.tanzania.ru/russian/index.html |archive-date=28 May 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Tunisia}}||<!--Date started-->1956||See [[Russia–Tunisia relations]]
Russia has an embassy in [[Tunis]], and Tunisia has an embassy in [[Moscow]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Uganda}}||<!--Date started-->|| See [[Russia – Uganda relations]]
Russia has an embassy in Kampala and Uganda has an [[Embassy of Uganda in Moscow|embassy in Moscow]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Zambia}}||<!--Date started-->|| See [[Russia–Zambia relations]]
* Start date: 1964
* Russia has an embassy in Lusaka.
* Zambia is represented in Russia by its embassy in Moscow.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}||<!--Date started-->1981-02-18
|See [[Russia–Zimbabwe relations]]
* Russia has a mission in Harare
* Zimbabwe has an embassy in Moscow: [[Embassy of Zimbabwe, Moscow]]
Russia-Zimbabwe relations date back to January 1979, during the [[Rhodesian Bush War]]. The Soviet Union supported [[Joshua Nkomo]]'s [[Zimbabwe African People's Union]], and supplied them with arms; [[Robert Mugabe]]'s attempts to gain Soviet support for his [[Zimbabwe African National Union]] were rebuffed, leading him to enter into relations with [[Sino-Soviet split|Soviet rival]] Beijing. After the end of the white regime in [[Zimbabwe]], [[Robert Mugabe]] had strengthened his relations with both Beijing and Moscow as a result of intense western pressure on him. Russia maintains strong economic and political ties with Zimbabwe and both countries had vetoed the UN resolution imposing UN sanctions on Zimbabwe which was proposed by both the US and the UK on 12 July 2008.
|}

=== Americas ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:11%;"| Formal relations began
! style="width:74%;"| Notes
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Argentina}}||<!--Date started-->1885-10-22
|See [[Argentina–Russia relations]]
* Argentina has an [[Embassy of Argentina in Moscow|embassy in Moscow]].
* Russia has an embassy in [[Buenos Aires]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.argentina.mid.ru/ |title=Russian embassy in Buenos Aires |access-date=7 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090707092406/http://www.argentina.mid.ru/ |archive-date=7 July 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110220171428/http://www.mrecic.gov.ar/portal/seree/ditra/ru.html List of Treaties ruling the relations Argentina and Russia (Argentine Foreign Ministry)] {{in lang|es}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Barbados}}||<!--Date started-->1993-01-29||
The [[Russia|Russian Federation]] and [[Barbados]] established formal diplomatic relations on 29 January 1993.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://polpred.com/?cnt=17&sector=21 |title=Экономика Барбадоса |publisher=Polpred.com |access-date=26 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gisbarbados.gov.bb/blog/russia-and-barbados-to-strengthen-diplomatic-ties/|title=Russia and Barbados To Strengthen Diplomatic Ties|date=14 February 2014}}</ref> In 2018 both nations celebrated 25 years of diplomatic ties and pledged closer collaboration.<ref>[http://www.mid.ru/en/foreign_policy/news/-/asset_publisher/cKNonkJE02Bw/content/id/3054676 Press release on the exchange of congratulatory messages between the foreign ministers of Russia and Barbados on the 25th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations], 2 February 201817:34</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tass.com/politics/988322|title=Russia ready to develop cooperation with Barbados|website=TASS}}</ref><ref>[https://www.investbarbados.org/newsmain.php?view=Barbados%20and%20Russia%20Explore%20Areas%20of%20Cooperation Barbados and Russia Explore Areas of Cooperation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308103834/https://www.investbarbados.org/newsmain.php?view=Barbados%20and%20Russia%20Explore%20Areas%20of%20Cooperation |date=8 March 2018}}, Invest Barbados, 30 October 2014</ref> The two nations also discussed cultural exchanges and Russia working with Barbados' light oil and gas industry.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tradeteam.bb/news/russia-willing-to-assist-caribbean-with-oil-and-gas-exploration-read-more-h/ |title=Russia willing to assist Caribbean with oil and gas exploration |access-date=2 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315200015/http://tradeteam.bb/news/russia-willing-to-assist-caribbean-with-oil-and-gas-exploration-read-more-h/ |archive-date=15 March 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.caribjournal.com/2012/02/13/russia-barbados-talk-cultural-ties/|title=Russia, Barbados Talk Cultural Ties|date=13 February 2012|website=Caribbean Journal}}</ref> And possible scholarships to Russian schools.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gisbarbados.gov.bb/blog/scholarship-opportunity-in-russia/|title=Scholarship Opportunity In Russia|first=Deirdre|last=Gittens|date=7 February 2017}}</ref> In 2022 the Russian Foreign Minister met his counterpart in Barbados to discuss current relations and explored a future agenda with the nation including among other things the conclusion of a visa waiver agreement between both nations.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Forde-Craigg |first1=Sheena |date=8 February 2022 |title=Russian Envoy Keen On Bilateral Relations With Barbados |url=https://gisbarbados.gov.bb/blog/russian-envoy-keen-on-bilateral-relations-with-barbados/ |department= |publisher=Barbados Government Information Service (BGIS) |publication-date=8 February 2022 |agency= |access-date=15 February 2022 |url-access= |quote=}}</ref>

*Russia is represented in [[Barbados]], through its embassy in [[Georgetown, Guyana|Georgetown]], [[Guyana]].<ref>[https://guyana.mid.ru/en/countries/rossiya_barbados/ Barbados–Russia relations], Embassy of the Russian Federation in the Cooperative Republic of Guyana</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Bolivia}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Bolivia–Russia relations]]

With Bolivia the focus on relations with Russia is mainly economic, as opposed to political and strategic, as an agreement to invest in Bolivia's [[natural gas]] fields shows. It is seen to "help Latin America...[as it] expands Latin America's economic opportunities, diversifies its relationships...that's healthy."<ref>[http://www.voanews.com/english/2008-11-14-voa17.cfm Voice of America]{{dead link|date=April 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

2008 saw, as a first step to re-establish ties with Russia, the Bolivian government had plans to purchase a small batch of helicopters. Ambassador Leonid Golubev told The Associated Press that he would like to see Russia's ties to Bolivia one day "approach the level" of its growing partnership with [[Venezuela]].<ref name="elpais.com">{{Cite news | url=http://www.elpais.com/articulo/internacional/Bolivia/proyecta/comprar/armamento/ruso/varios/millones/dolares/elpepuint/20090522elpepuint_10/Tes |title = Bolivia proyecta comprar armamento ruso por varios millones de dólares|newspaper = El País|date = 22 May 2009}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/10/03/ap/latinamerica/main4499593.shtml|title=Latin America|date=3 October 2008|publisher=CBS|access-date=14 May 2009}}{{dead link|date=August 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

In 2009 amid improving relations between the two countries Bolivia and Russia signed various agreements pertaining to energy and military ties, mining activities and [[illegal drug]] eradication.
<ref name="elpais.com" /><ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7894176.stm | work=BBC News | title=Russia to aid Bolivia drugs fight | date=17 February 2009 | access-date=2 May 2010}}</ref>
* Bolivia has an embassy in Moscow.
* Russia has an embassy in [[La Paz]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Brazil}}||<!--Date started-->  3 October 1828||See [[Brazil–Russia relations]]
[[File:Vladimir Putin with Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva-2.jpg|250px|right|upright=1.2]]
Brazil–Russia relations have seen a significant improvement in recent years, characterized by an increasing commercial trade and cooperation in military and technology segments. Today, Brazil shares an important alliance with the [[Russian Federation]], with partnerships in areas such as [[space technology|space]] and [[military technology|military technologies]], and [[telecommunications]].
* Brazil has an embassy in Moscow.
* Russia has an embassy in [[Brasília]] and consulates-general in [[Rio de Janeiro]] and [[São Paulo]].
|- valign="top"
|{{Flag|Canada}}||<!--Date started-->1942-06-12||See [[Canada–Russia relations]]

Canada and Russia benefit from extensive cooperation on trade and investment, energy, democratic development and governance, security and counter-terrorism, northern issues, and cultural and academic exchanges.
* Canada has an embassy in Moscow.
* Russia has an embassy in [[Ottawa]] and consulates-general in [[Montreal]] and [[Toronto]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Chile}}||<!-- start date -->1944-12-11||See [[Chile–Russia relations]]
*Chile has an embassy in Moscow and two honorary consulates in [[Saint Petersburg]] and in [[Vladivostok]].
*Russia has an embassy in [[Santiago]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Colombia}}||<!--Date started-->1935||See [[Colombia–Russia relations]]
* Colombia has an embassy in Moscow.
* Russia has an embassy in [[Bogotá]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Costa Rica}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Costa Rica–Russia relations]]
Costa Rica has an [[embassy]] in [[Moscow]]. Russia has an embassy in [[San José, Costa Rica|San José]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.costarica.mid.ru/| title = Embassy of the Russian federation in San José| access-date = 7 March 2018| archive-date = 3 August 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090803052129/http://www.costarica.mid.ru/| url-status = dead}}</ref> Holders of a [[Russian passport]] need a [[Visa (document)|visa]] authorized by Costa Rica, or alternatively Costa Rican authorities will accept Russian nationals with a visa stamp for the European Union, Canada, USA, South Korea, or Japan valid for 90 days after arrival; with a [[Visa (document)#Types|tourist visa]], Russians can stay in Costa Rica for a maximum of 90 days.<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=ru|destination=cr}}</ref> In order to get a tourist visa, the person needs to apply for it in the closest Costa Rican embassy to where the person is living.{{Citation needed|date=August 2011}} The person must have a [[Passport|valid passport]] and either have an [[invitation letter]] or a [[bank statement]] with enough money to survive the length of the stay in Costa Rica, plus proof of onward travel (ticket to exit Costa Rica & legal ability to travel to the destination stated on the ticket). Holders of a [[Costa rican passport|Costa Rican passport]] also need a visa from Russian authorities.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Cuba}}|| <!-- Date started --> || See [[Cuba–Russia relations]] or [[Cuba–Soviet Union relations]]
[[File:Vladimir Putin and Miguel Díaz-Canel (29-10-2019) 05.jpg|250px|right|upright=1.2]]
Relations between the two countries suffered somewhat during the [[Boris Yeltsin]] administration, as Cuba was forced to look for new major allies, such as China, after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Relations improved when [[Vladimir Putin]] was elected as the new Russian President. Putin, and later [[Dmitry Medvedev]], emphasized re-establishing strong relations with old Soviet allies. In 2008, Medvedev visited Havana and [[Raúl Castro]] made a week-long trip to Moscow. In that same year the two governments signed multiple economic agreements and Russia sent tons of humanitarian aid to Cuba. Cuba, meanwhile, gave staunch political support for Russia during the [[2008 South Ossetia war]]. Relations between the two nations are currently at a post-Soviet high, and talks about potentially re-establishing a Russian military presence in Cuba are even beginning to surface.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Dominica}}||{{dts|1995}}||
Dominica and Russia have established diplomatic relations on 19 May 1995.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dominicanewsonline.com/news/homepage/news/international-relations/dominica-and-russia-celebrate-20-years-of-diplomatic-relations/|title=Dominica and Russia celebrate 20 years of diplomatic relations|work=dominicanewsonline.com|date=20 May 2015|access-date=7 March 2018|archive-date=19 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180219220958/http://dominicanewsonline.com/news/homepage/news/international-relations/dominica-and-russia-celebrate-20-years-of-diplomatic-relations/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In April 2018, Dominica appointed a resident ambassador to Russia.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://wicnews.com/caribbean/dominica-appoints-resident-ambassador-russia-322310386/ |title = Dominica appoints resident ambassador to Russia|date = 26 April 2018}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Ecuador}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Ecuador–Russia relations]]
Ecuador has an embassy in Moscow.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://embajada-ecuador.ru/joom/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=115&Itemid=110 |title=Ecuadorian embassy in Moscow |access-date=7 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224181443/http://embajada-ecuador.ru/joom/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=115&Itemid=110 |archive-date=24 February 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Russia has an embassy in Quito.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ecuador.mid.ru/ |title=Russian embassy in Quito |access-date=7 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080920122242/http://www.ecuador.mid.ru/ |archive-date=20 September 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Grenada}}||<!--Date started-->||
During the [[New Jewel Movement]], the Soviet Union tried to make the island of Grenada function as a Soviet base, and also by getting supplies from [[Cuba]]. In October 1983, during the [[U.S. invasion of Grenada]], U.S. President [[Ronald Reagan]] maintained that [[US Marines]] arrived on the island of Grenada, which was considered a Soviet-Cuban ally that would [[export of revolution|export communist revolution]] throughout the [[Caribbean]]. In November, at a joint hearing of Congressional Subcommittee, it was told that Grenada could be used as a staging area for subversion of the nearby countries, for intersection of shipping lanes, and for the transit of troops and supplies from Cuba to [[Africa]], and from [[Eastern Europe]] and [[Libya]] to [[Central America]]. In December, the [[State Department]] published a preliminary report on Grenada, in which it was claimed as an "Island of Soviet [[Internationalism (politics)|Internationalism]]". When the US Marines landed on the island, they discovered a large amount of documents, which included agreements between the Soviet Government, and the New Jewel Movement, recorded minutes of the Committee meetings, and reports from the Grenadian embassy in [[Moscow]].<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/pss/2617710|jstor=2617710|title=The Soviet Union and Grenada under the New Jewel Movement|last1=Shearman|first1=Peter|journal=International Affairs|year=1985|volume=61|issue=4|pages=661–673|doi=10.2307/2617710}}</ref> Diplomatic relations between Grenada and the Soviet Union were severed in 1983 by the Governor General of Grenada. Eventually in 2002, Grenada re-established diplomatic relations with the newly formed Russian Federation.<ref>[http://www.rusembassyguyana.org.gy/bilateral/rgren.html Embassy of the Russian Federation in Georgetown, Guyana - Bilateral relations between Grenada and Russia] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721084842/http://www.rusembassyguyana.org.gy/bilateral/rgren.html |date=21 July 2011}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Guyana}}||<!--Date started-->17 December 1970||See [[Guyana–Russia relations]]
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 December 1970.
*Guyana is represented in Russia by its High Commission in [[London]], [[United Kingdom]].
*Russia is represented in Guyana by its embassy in [[Georgetown, Guyana|Georgetown]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Mexico}}||<!--Date started-->1 December 1890||See [[Mexico–Russia relations]]

* Mexico has an embassy in Moscow.
* Russia has an embassy in [[Mexico City]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Nicaragua}}||<!--Date started-->December 1944||See [[Nicaragua–Russia relations]]
Both countries signed diplomatic missions on 18 October 1979, a few months after the [[Sandinista]] revolution.<ref>{{cite book |title=US foreign policy in world history |author=David Ryan |publisher=Routledge |year=2000 |page=172ff |isbn=0-415-12345-3}}</ref>  President [[Vladimir Putin]] visited Nicaragua on 12 July 2014.
* Nicaragua has an embassy in Moscow.
* Russia has an embassy in [[Managua]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Panama}}||21 November 1903<ref>{{cite web|title=Relaciones Diplomáticas de la República de Panamá |page=195 |access-date=16 December 2020 |url=http://www.mire.gob.pa/sites/default/files/documentos/Trasnsparencia/gestion-anual-2011-2012.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702224721/https://mire.gob.pa/sites/default/files/documentos/Trasnsparencia/gestion-anual-2011-2012.pdf |archive-date=2 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Manual de Protocolo y Ceremonial del Estado de la República de Panamá |publisher=Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores |location=Cuidad de Panamá |year=2017 |page=242 |access-date=16 December 2020 |url=https://mire.gob.pa/images/links/MANUAL-10-7-17-reduced.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515050400/https://mire.gob.pa/images/links/MANUAL-10-7-17-reduced.pdf |archive-date=15 May 2019}}</ref> ||See [[Panama–Russia relations]]
* Panama has an embassy in [[Moscow]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.embapanamarusia.ru/index.php/en/ |title=Embassy of Panama in Moscow (in Spanish) |access-date=7 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307151229/http://www.embapanamarusia.ru/index.php/en/ |archive-date=7 March 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Russia has an embassy in Panama city.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.panama.mid.ru/ |title=Embassy of Russia in Panama City (in Russian and Spanish) |access-date=19 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090624054357/http://www.panama.mid.ru/ |archive-date=24 June 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Paraguay}}||14 May 1992<!--Date started-->||See [[Paraguay–Russia relations]]
* Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 May 1992.
* Paraguay has an embassy in [[Moscow]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.embapar.ru/ |title=Paraguayan embassy in Moscow |publisher=Embapar.ru |access-date=22 June 2012}}</ref>
* Russia is represented in Paraguay through its embassy in [[Buenos Aires]] ([[Argentina]]) and an honorary consulate in [[Asunción]].{{citation needed|date=February 2023}}
* On 13 September 2007, Russia's acting foreign minister, [[Sergei Lavrov]], declared to soon open a resident embassy in Paraguay's capital.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090601063431/http://www.mre.gov.py/en/ Paraguayan Ministry of Foreign Relations]
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Suriname}}||<!--start date-->||
The nations have begun discussing cooperation in the areas of agriculture, fishing, shipbuilding, education, along with trade. In October 2013, the Surinamese foreign minister, Yldiz Pollack-Beighle visited Moscow for talks on concluding military and joint law enforcement training.<ref>[https://www.commonwealthroundtable.co.uk/commonwealth/americas/caribbean/russia-caricom-new-dawn/ Russia and CARICOM: A New Dawn?], By: Peter Clegg & Veronika Clegg, 17 January 2018, The Commonwealth Round Table</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}||6 June 1974||See [[Russia–Trinidad and Tobago relations]]
Both countries have signed diplomatic missions on 6 June 1974. Russia is represented in Trinidad and Tobago through a non-resident embassy in [[Georgetown, Guyana|Georgetown (Guyana)]].  Both countries have interests with each other since the [[Soviet Union]]. In August 1992, Trinidad recognized Russia as the USSR's successor.  In 2004, [[Sergey Lavrov]] and [[Knowlson Gift]] signed the protocol on the political consultations between the two Ministries.  In April 2005 the [[Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation]] and the Chamber of Industry and Commerce of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago signed the cooperation agreement.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rusembassyguyana.org.gy/bilateral/rt.html |title=Embassy of the Russian Federation in Georgetown about relations with Trinidad and Tobago |access-date=31 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216170725/http://www.rusembassyguyana.org.gy/bilateral/rt.html |archive-date=16 February 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2004, the Russian [[Cossack]] folk dance had nine concerts in [[Port of Spain]], [[San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago|San Fernando]], [[Couva]], and [[Tobago]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|United States}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Russia–United States relations]]
[[File:Putin in Switzerland 2021 10.jpg|250px|right|upright=1.2]]
* Russia has an embassy in [[Washington, D.C.]] and has consulates-general in [[Houston]] and [[New York City]].
* United States has an embassy in Moscow and consulates-general in [[Vladivostok]] and [[Yekaterinburg]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Uruguay}}||<!--Start date-->|| See [[Russia–Uruguay relations]]
Russia has an embassy in [[Montevideo]] and Uruguay has an [[Embassy of Uruguay in Moscow|embassy in Moscow]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uruguay.mid.ru/ |title=Embassy of the Russian Federation in Montevideo |access-date=7 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090716014835/http://www.uruguay.mid.ru/ |archive-date=16 July 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Russia is looking for cooperation with Uruguay in the field of nuclear energy, the Russian ambassador to Latin America said: "Our countries could maintain cooperation in the sphere of nuclear energy although Uruguay's legislation bans the use of nuclear energy". The diplomat said Uruguayan officials had shown interest in a floating nuclear power plant, when the project's presentation took place at the Russian Embassy recently. The first floating plant will have capacity of 70 MW of electricity, and about 300 MW of thermal power. The cost of the first plant is estimated at US$400 million, but could later be reduced to $240 million. This year marks the 150th anniversary of diplomatic relations between Russia and Uruguay.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Venezuela}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Russia–Venezuela relations]]
* Russia has an embassy in Caracas.
* Venezuela has an embassy in Moscow.
|}

=== Asia ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:11%;"| Formal relations began
! style="width:74%;"| Notes
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Afghanistan}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Afghanistan–Russia relations]]
Afghanistan and Russia have shared a highly varied relationship from the mid-19th century to the modern day. For decades, Russia and Britain struggled for influence in Afghanistan, strategically positioned between their two empires, in what became known as "[[The Great Game]]". Following the 1917 [[Bolshevik Revolution]], the new Soviet Union established more cordial relations with Afghanistan, and in 1919 became the first country to recognise Afghan sovereignty.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}}

Relations between the two nations became complicated following the 1978 communist coup known as the [[Saur Revolution]]. The new communist [[Democratic Republic of Afghanistan]] was highly dependent on the Soviet Union, and the Soviet support for the widely disliked communist regime, and the ensuing [[Soviet–Afghan War]], led to a great hatred for the Soviets in much of the Afghan population. The Soviets occupied Afghanistan in the face of a bitter ten-year insurgency before withdrawing in 1989. Even following the withdrawal of Soviet forces, the Soviet Union provided massive support to the embattled DRA government, reaching a value of $3 billion a year in 1990. However, this relationship dissolved in 1991 along with the [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]] itself. On 13 September 1991, the Soviet government, now dominated by Boris Yeltsin, agreed with the United States on a mutual cut off of military aid to both sides in the Afghan civil war beginning on 1 January 1992.  The post-coup Soviet government then attempted to develop political relations with the Afghan resistance. In mid-November it invited a delegation of the resistance's Afghanistan Interim Government (AIG) to Moscow where the Soviets agreed that a transitional government should prepare Afghanistan for national elections. The Soviets did not insist that Najibullah or his colleagues participate in the transitional process. Having been cut adrift both materially and politically, Najibullah's faction torn government began to fall apart, and the city of Kabul fell to the Mujahideen factions in April 1992.

In 2009, Russian President [[Dmitry Medvedev]] announced that he wanted to be more involved in Afghanistan, supporting development of infrastructure and the army. This came as relations between Afghan President Karzai and American President Obama reached a low.

On 9 April 2022, the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs accredited [[Taliban]] appointee [[Jamal Nasir Gharwal]] as [[charge d'affaires]] of the [[Ponizovsky House|Afghan Embassy in Moscow]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Russia Latest Country to Establish Diplomatic Ties With Taliban |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/russia-latest-country-to-establish-diplomatic-ties-with-taliban/6521949.html |access-date=25 April 2022 |work=[[Voice of America]] |date=9 April 2022}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Armenia}}||<!--start date --> {{dts|format=dmy|1992|04|03}}
||See [[Armenia–Russia relations]]
Armenia's most notable recent foreign policy success came with 29 August treaty with Russia on friendship, cooperation and mutual assistance, in which Moscow committed itself to the defense of Armenia should it be attacked by a third party. Russia is the key regional security player, and has proved a valuable historical ally for Armenia. Although it appeared as a response to Aliyev's US trip, the treaty had probably long been under development. However, it is clear from the wider context of Armenian foreign policy that—while Yerevan welcomes the Russian security guarantee—the country does not want to rely exclusively on Moscow, nor to become part of a confrontation between Russian and US-led alliances in the Transcaucasus.
* Armenia has an embassy in [[Moscow]] and general consulates in [[Rostov-on-Don]] and [[Saint Petersburg]] and honorary consulates in [[Kaliningrad]] and [[Sochi]].
* Russia has an embassy in Yerevan and general consulate in [[Gyumri]].
* Russia recognized the Armenian Genocide in 1995.
* Armenia joined the Russian-led [[Eurasian Economic Union]] in 2015.
* It is estimated that there are between 2,500,000 and 2,900,000 Armenians in Russia.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1992|04|04}}
||See [[Azerbaijan–Russia relations]]
* Russia has an embassy in [[Baku]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://embrus-az.com/biografiya.html|title=Посол Российской Федерации в Азербайджанской Республике » Посольство Российской Федерации в Азербайджанской Республике|access-date=20 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208205800/http://embrus-az.com/biografiya.html|archive-date=8 February 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Azerbaijan has an [[Embassy of Azerbaijan in Moscow|embassy in Moscow]] and consulate-general in [[Saint Petersburg]]. Azerbaijan also announced that it will open another consulate-general in [[Yekaterinburg]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Bahrain}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Bahrain–Russia relations]]
Russia has an [[embassy]] in [[Manama]], and Bahrain has an embassy in Moscow.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Bangladesh}}||{{dts|1971}}||<!--Date started-->|See [[Bangladesh–Russia relations]]
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Cambodia}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1956|05|13}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.embrusscambodia.mid.ru/dip-policy-e.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091019051148/http://www.embrusscambodia.mid.ru/dip-policy-e.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 October 2009 |title=Political Relations / Embassy of the Russian Federation in the Kingdom of Cambodia |access-date=2 January 2019}}</ref>||See [[Cambodia–Russia relations]]
* The relations between both countries were strong since the [[Soviet Union|Soviet era]].
* Russia has an embassy in [[Phnom Penh]].
* Cambodia has an embassy in [[Moscow]].
* Both countries are full members of the [[East Asia Summit]].
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|{{flag|China}}||1949<!--Date started-->||See [[Sino-Russian relations since 1991|China–Russia relations]]
* China has an embassy in Moscow and consulates-general in [[Irkutsk]], [[Kazan]], [[Khabarovsk]], [[Saint Petersburg]], [[Vladivostok]] and [[Yekaterinburg]].
* Russia has an embassy in [[Beijing]] and consulates-general in [[Guangzhou]], [[Hong Kong]], [[Shanghai]] and [[Shenyang]].
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|{{flag|Georgia}}<ref>Has recognized [[International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia|Abkhazia and South Ossetia independence]]</ref>||{{dts|format=dmy|1992|7|1}} (Suspended {{dts|format=dmy|2008|9|2}})<ref name="mfa.gov.ge" />||See [[Georgia–Russia relations]]

On 29 August 2008, in the aftermath of the [[2008 South Ossetia war]], Deputy Foreign Minister [[Grigol Vashadze]] announced that Georgia had broken diplomatic relations with Russia. He also said that Russian diplomats must leave Georgia, and that no Georgian diplomat would remain in Russia, while only consular relations would be maintained. Russian foreign ministry spokesman Andrei Nesterenko said that Russia regretted this step.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5g8JIulsM3ioTtotqyf621zaYjwwg|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081107093623/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5g8JIulsM3ioTtotqyf621zaYjwwg|url-status=dead|title=Georgia breaks relations with Russia|archive-date=7 November 2008}}</ref>
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|{{flag|India}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[India–Russia relations]]
During the [[Cold War]], [[Indo–Russia relations#India and the Soviet Union|India and the Soviet Union]] enjoyed a strong strategic, military, economic and diplomatic relationship. After the collapse of the USSR, India improved its relations with the West but it continued its close relations with Russia. India is the second-largest market for the Russian arms industry. In 2004, more than 70% of the [[Indian Armed Forces|Indian Military]]'s hardware came from Russia, making Russia the chief supplier of arms.<ref>[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2004/01/mil-040119-3ae77eaf.htm VOA News Report]. Globalsecurity.org (19 January 2004). Retrieved 12 November 2011.</ref> Since 2000 and the visit of [[Vladimir Putin]] in India, there has been an Indo-Russian Strategic Partnership also referred as ''' "special and privileged strategic partnership" '''.
* India has an [[Embassy of India in Moscow|embassy in Moscow]]<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.indianembassy.ru/| title = Embassy of India in Russia}}</ref> and two consulates-general (in [[Saint Petersburg]] and [[Vladivostok]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indianconsulate.ru/ |title=Indian Consulate in St. Petersburg |access-date=7 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307042835/http://indianconsulate.ru/ |archive-date=7 March 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indianembassy.ru/index.php/en/consulates/vladivostok|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326054404/http://www.indianembassy.ru/index.php/en/consulates/vladivostok|url-status=dead|title=Indian Consulate in Vladivostok|archive-date=26 March 2015}}</ref>
* Russia has an embassy in [[New Delhi]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://rusembindia.com/ |title=Embassy of Russia in India |access-date=7 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015234710/http://rusembindia.com/ |archive-date=15 October 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and six consulates-general (in [[Chennai]], [[Goa]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Kolkata]], [[Mumbai]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://rusembindia.com/visas-consular-services-en/consular-districts-and-visa-application-centers |title=Russian diplomatic centers in India |access-date=7 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015234710/http://rusembindia.com/visas-consular-services-en/consular-districts-and-visa-application-centers |archive-date=15 October 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Indonesia}}|| {{dts|format=dmy|1950|02}} || See [[Indonesia–Russia relations]]
Russia is represented in Indonesia especially an embassy in [[Jakarta]]. Russian ambassador to Indonesia Ludmilla Georgievna serves as the first female Russian ambassador to Indonesia, since 2018.

[[File:Vladimir Putin with Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono-3.jpg|thumb|239x239px|[[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono|Yudhoyono]] meeting Russian president [[Vladimir Putin]] to sign a defense deal in Jakarta, September 2007.]]

The Soviet Union established diplomatic relations with Indonesia in 1950 and was one of the very few countries to recognize Indonesia's independence from the Netherlands after World War II.

Early in the Cold War, both countries had very strong relations, with Indonesian president Sukarno visiting Moscow and Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev visiting Jakarta. When Sukarno was overthrown by General Suharto, relations between the two states were significantly deteriorated, likely due to Indonesia's enforced anti-communist policy under Suharto following the [[30 September Movement|1965 unrest]].

Relations between the Soviet Union and Indonesia grew tense for 20 years, but a thaw began when Gorbachev came to power. However, unlike the relations with China during Suharto's rule, the diplomatic relations were not suspended and remained intact. Indonesia's negative views of the Soviet Union had significantly increased following the 1979 Soviet-Afghan War, with many Indonesians claiming it as a "communist crime against Muslims". During this time, Indonesia is also one of many countries that boycotted the [[1980 Summer Olympics|1980 Moscow Olympics]].

Indonesian President Suharto visited the Soviet Union in September 1989 for the first time since taking power more than two decades prior. Official talks between Suharto and Soviet leader [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] taking place in the Kremlin. The USSR under Gorbachev began to develop closer ties with Indonesia alongside other Southeast Asian countries, and relations between the two states were improving once again since the formation of the modern-day Russian Federation. Under Boris Yeltsin and later Vladimir Putin, relations were generally stable and continued to the present day.
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|{{flag|Iran}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Iran–Russia relations]]
[[File:Vladimir Putin and Ali Khamenei (2018-09-07) 01.jpg|250px|right|upright=1.2]]
Relations between Russia and [[Persia]] (pre-1935 Iran) have a long history, as they officially commenced in 1521 with the [[Safavid]]s in power. Past and present contact between Russia and Iran has always been complicated and multi-faceted, often wavering between collaboration and rivalry. The two nations have a long history of geographic, economic, and socio-political interaction. Their mutual relations have often been turbulent, and dormant at other times. Since 2019 however, their relationship has drastically improved and Russia and Iran are now strategic allies and form an axis in the [[Caucasus]] alongside Armenia. Iran has its embassy in [[Moscow]] and consulate generals in the cities of [[Kazan]] and [[Astrakhan]]. Russia has its embassy in [[Tehran]], and consulate generals in the cities of [[Rasht]] and [[Isfahan]].
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|{{flag|Iraq}}||9 September 1944<!-- start date -->||See [[Iraq–Russia relations]]
* The [[Soviet Union]] established [[diplomatic relations]] with the [[Kingdom of Iraq]] on 9 September 1944.<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ru:Российско-иракские отношения|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation]]|date=26 May 2008|url=http://www.mid.ru/ns-rasia.nsf/1083b7937ae580ae432569e7004199c2/6b6d8c7dfa1002eac32571950025525a?OpenDocument|access-date=27 January 2009|language=ru}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Israel}}||17 May 1948<!-- start date -->||See [[Israel–Russia relations]] and [[Russian language in Israel]]
* in November 1947, the [[Soviet Union]], together with the other [[Soviet bloc]] countries voted in favor of the [[United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine]],<ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Peace%20Process/Guide%20to%20the%20Peace%20Process/UN%20General%20Assembly%20Resolution%20181 UN General Assembly Resolution 181] Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs</ref> which paved the way for the creation of the State of Israel. On 17 May 1948, three days after [[Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel, May 14, 1948|Israel declared its independence]], the Soviet Union officially granted ''[[de jure]]'' recognition of Israel,<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.jstor.org/pss/2193961 | jstor=2193961 | last1=Brown | first1=Philip Marshall | title=The Recognition of Israel | journal=The American Journal of International Law | date=1948 | volume=42 | issue=3 | pages=620–627 | doi=10.2307/2193961 | s2cid=147342045}}</ref> becoming the second country to recognise the Jewish state (preceded by the United States' ''de facto'' recognition) and the first country to grant Israel ''de jure'' recognition.
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|{{flag|Japan}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1855|2|7}}||See [[Japan–Russia relations]] or [[Japan–Soviet Union relations]]

Japan's relations with [[Russia]] are hampered by the two sides' inability to resolve their territorial dispute over the four islands that make up the [[Kuril Island conflict|Northern Territories]] ([[Kuril Islands|Kuriles]]), which the Soviet Union seized towards the end of [[World War II]]. The stalemate has prevented conclusion of a peace treaty formally ending the war. The dispute over the Kuril Islands exacerbated the Japan–Russo relations when the Japanese government published a new guideline for school textbooks on 16 July 2008 to teach Japanese children that their country has sovereignty over the Kuril Islands. The Russian public was outraged by the action. the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia)|Foreign Minister of Russia]] criticized the action while reaffirming its sovereignty over the islands.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090201154514/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-07/19/content_8571164.htm Russia hopes to solve territorial dispute with Japan by strengthening trust], [[Xinhua News Agency]]. Retrieved 19 July 2008</ref>
* Japan has an embassy in Moscow and consulates-general in [[Khabarovsk]], [[Saint Petersburg]], [[Vladivostok]] and [[Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk]].
* Russia has an embassy in [[Tokyo]] and consulates-general in [[Niigata, Niigata|Niigata]], [[Osaka]] and [[Sapporo]].
* Japan is on Russia's [[Unfriendly countries list|list of unfriendly countries]]
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|{{flag|Jordan}}||20 August 1963<!--Date started-->||See [[Jordan–Russia relations]]
Russia has an embassy in Amman, while Jordan has an embassy in [[Moscow]]. Both countries had established diplomatic relations on 20 August 1963.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jordan.mid.ru/ |title=Embassy of Russia in Amman |access-date=7 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090413230714/http://www.jordan.mid.ru/ |archive-date=13 April 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Kazakhstan}}||<!-- start date -->|| See [[Kazakhstan–Russia relations]]

Kazakhstan has an [[Embassy of Kazakhstan in Moscow|embassy in Moscow]], consulate-general in Saint Petersburg, [[Astrakhan]] and [[Omsk]]. Russia has an [[Embassy of Russia in Astana|embassy in Astana]] and consulates in [[Almaty]] and [[Uralsk]].

Diplomatic relations between Russia and Kazakhstan have fluctuated since the fall of the [[Soviet Union]] but both nations remain particularly strong partners in regional affairs and major supporters of the [[Collective Security Treaty Organization]], [[Shanghai Cooperation Organisation]] and [[Eurasian Economic Union]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Russia's Relations with Kazakhstan: Rethinking Ex-Soviet Transitions in the Emerging World System|last=Zabortseva|first=Yelena Nikolayevna|publisher=Routledge|year=2016|isbn=978-1-315-66872-7|location=London-New York}}</ref> Kazakhstani-Russian relations have been strained at times by Astana's military and economic cooperation with the United States as well as negotiations over Russia's continued use of the Baikonur Cosmodrome, however the two nations retain high-level military and economic cooperation perhaps second among former Soviet states only to that between Russia and Belarus.  Kazakhstan sells oil and gas to Russia at a significantly reduced rate and Russian businesses are heavily invested in Kazakhstan's economy.
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|{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Kyrgyzstan–Russia relations]]
Whereas the other [[Central Asia]]n [[republic]]s have sometimes complained of Russian interference, Kyrgyzstan has more often wished for more attention and support from Moscow than it has been able to obtain. For all the financial support that the world community has offered, Kyrgyzstan remains economically dependent on Russia, both directly and through [[Kazakhstan]]. In early 1995, [[Askar Akayev]], the then [[President of Kyrgyzstan]], attempted to sell Russian companies controlling shares in the republic's twenty-nine largest industrial plants, an offer that Russia refused.<ref>Martha Brill Olcott. "Russia". [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/kgtoc.html ''Kyrgyzstan: a country study''] (Glenn E. Curtis, editor). [[Library of Congress]] [[Federal Research Division]] (March 1996). ''This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.''</ref>
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|{{flag|Laos}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Laos–Russia relations]]
* Laos has an [[Embassy of Laos in Moscow|embassy in Moscow]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.laoembassy.ru/ |title=LAO EMBASSY TO THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION |access-date=21 February 2015}}{{dead link|date=March 2016}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
* Russia has an embassy in [[Vientiane]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.laos.mid.ru/|title=Главная - Министерство иностранных дел Российской Федерации|access-date=21 February 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221194931/http://laos.mid.ru//|archive-date=21 February 2015}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Lebanon}}||<!--Date started--> ||See [[Lebanon–Russia relations]]

*The "Artillery Square" in Beirut witnessed battles involving the Russian naval forces that were brought to the port of "St. George" to fight alongside the people who rose up against the Turkish rule. That was in 1773. What was the uprising of the people at that time as resistance to the "Ottoman occupation". The naval forces set up their artillery at Beirut Square, which still bears the name "Artillery Square" and buried its soldiers who fought the Turks with the Lebanese soldiers in the cemetery of the Orthodox Church of St.Meter in Achrafieh.
*Diplomatic relations between the two countries began even before the Lebanese independence. In 1839, Russia opened its first consulate in Beirut.
*The Soviet Union established diplomatic relations with Lebanon on 3 August 1944. Over the years, the two countries signed several agreements, including an agreement on trade and payments (30 April 1954 and 16 July 1970), on air traffic (8 February 1966), on cooperation in the tourism industry (8 June 1970), on procedures for forwarding of diplomatic mail without the escort of diplomatic couriers (2 February 1962, and 15–22 February 1971)
*At 1946, the Soviet Union, the first country in the world for the first time in the history of the UN veto-wielding to support Lebanon and Syria's total independence.
* Lebanon has an embassy in [[Moscow]].
* Russia has an embassy in Beirut.
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|{{flag|Malaysia}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1967|04|03}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://malaysia.mid.ru/web/malaysia-en/russian-malaysian-relations|title=Russian-Malaysian Relations|publisher=Embassy of the Russian Federation in Malaysia|access-date=29 December 2017|archive-date=29 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229232303/https://malaysia.mid.ru/web/malaysia-en/russian-malaysian-relations|url-status=dead}}</ref>||See [[Malaysia–Russia relations]]

Russia has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur,<ref>{{cite web |script-title=ru:Малайзия |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia]] |url=http://www.ln.mid.ru/zu_r.nsf/e0f3cd1a55ff248dc32571e7003f460b/7411f12005998158c32565e8003604b0?OpenDocument |access-date=16 May 2008 |language=ru |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614170455/http://www.ln.mid.ru/zu_r.nsf/e0f3cd1a55ff248dc32571e7003f460b/7411f12005998158c32565e8003604b0?OpenDocument |archive-date=14 June 2011}}</ref> and Malaysia has an [[Embassy of Malaysia in Moscow|embassy in Moscow]].<ref>{{cite web |title = Welcome to the Official Website of Embassy of Malaysia, Moscow |publisher = Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Malaysia |url = http://www.kln.gov.my/perwakilan/moscow |access-date = 16 May 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090207210955/http://www.kln.gov.my/perwakilan/moscow |archive-date = 7 February 2009 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Mongolia}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1921|11|05}}<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2190792 |last=Nemzer |first=Louis |title=The Status of Outer Mongolia in International Law. |journal=The American Journal of International Law |volume=33 |number=3 |year=1939 |pages=452–64 |access-date=16 December 2020 |doi=10.2307/2190792|jstor=2190792}}{{rp|457}}</ref>||See [[Mongolia–Russia relations]]
Relations between [[Mongolia]] and the [[Russian Federation]] have been traditionally strong since the [[Communist]] era, when [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Soviet Russia]] was the closest ally of the [[Mongolian People's Republic]]. Russia has an [[embassy]] in [[Ulaanbaatar]] and two consulate generals (in [[Darkhan (city)|Darkhan]] and [[Erdenet]]). Mongolia has an [[Embassy of Mongolia in Moscow|embassy in Moscow]], three consulate generals (in [[Irkutsk]], [[Kyzyl]] and [[Ulan Ude]]), and a branch in [[Yekaterinburg]]. Both countries are full members of the [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe]] (Russia is a participating state, while Mongolia is a partner).

After the disintegration of the former Soviet Union, Mongolia developed relations with the new independent states. Links with [[Russia]] and other republics were essential to contribute to stabilisation of the Mongolian economy. The primary difficulties in developing fruitful coordination occurred because these new states were experiencing the same political and economic restructuring as Mongolia. Despite these difficulties, Mongolia and Russia successfully negotiated both a 1991 Joint Declaration of Cooperation and a bilateral trade agreement. This was followed by a 1993 Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation<ref name="msa55">Montsame News Agency. ''Mongolia''. 2006, Foreign Service Office of [[Montsame News Agency]], {{ISBN|99929-0-627-8}}, p. 55</ref> establishing a new basis of equality in the relationship. Mongolian President Bagabandi visited [[Moscow]] in 1999, and Russian President [[Vladimir Putin]] visited Mongolia in 2000<ref name="msa55" /> in order to sign the 25-point Ulaanbaatar Declaration, reaffirming Mongol-Russian friendship and cooperation on numerous economic and political issues.
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|{{flag|Myanmar}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Myanmar–Russia relations]]
China and Russia once vetoed a [[U.N. Security Council]] resolution designed to punish Myanmar.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7011746.stm|title=Chinese dilemma over Burma|date=25 September 2007|work=BBC News|access-date=30 May 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/12/AR2007011201115.html|title=Russia, China veto resolution criticizing Burma|date=13 January 2007|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=30 May 2008}}</ref> Relations improved even more when relations with the west deteriorated, following the [[2017 Rohingya persecution in Myanmar|Rohingya crisis]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/us/us-criticizes-russia-for-arming-myanmar-amid-rohingya-crisis |title=US criticizes Russia for arming Myanmar amid Rohingya crisis |publisher=Fox News |date=24 January 2018 |access-date=2 January 2019}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Nepal}}||1956<!--Date started-->||See [[Nepal–Russia relations]]
Nepal and the Soviet Union had established diplomatic relations in 1956. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Nepal extended full diplomatic recognition to the Russian Federation as its legal successor. Since then numerous bilateral meetings have taken place between both sides. Since 1992 numerous Nepalese students have gone to Russia for higher studies on a financial basis. In October 2005 the Foreign ministers of both countries met to discuss cooperation on a variety of issues including political, economic, military, educational, and cultural. Both countries maintain embassies in each other's capitals. Russia has an embassy in [[Kathmandu]] while Nepal has an embassy in [[Moscow]].
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|{{flag|North Korea}}||<!--Date started-->1948||See [[North Korea–Russia relations]]
[[File:North Korean Embassy Moscow.jpg|thumb|North Korean embassy in [[Moscow]], Russia.]]
[[File:2011 Russian Embassy in DPRK.jpg|thumb|Russian embassy in Pyongyang.]]
Russia–DPRK relations are determined by [[Russia]]'s strategic interests in Korea and the goal of preserving peace and stability in the Korean peninsula. Russia's official position is by extension its stance on settlement of the [[North Korean nuclear crisis]].{{vague|date=September 2021}}
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|{{flag|Pakistan}}||{{dts|1948}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pakistan.mid.ru/300408.html|title=Speech of H.E. Mr. Sergey Peskov, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Russian Federation, to the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, at the Jubilee Function on the occasion of celebration of the 60th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between Russia and Pakistan|publisher=Pakistan.mid.ru|access-date=24 November 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402081532/http://www.pakistan.mid.ru/300408.html|archive-date=2 April 2012}}</ref>
|See [[Pakistan–Russia relations]]
Relations between these two countries have been strained in the past, because of Pakistan's close ties to America and its support for the [[Afghanistan|Afghan]] rebels during [[Soviet–Afghan War|the invasion by the USSR]].{{citation needed|date=January 2016}} However, the relations had improved since 1999 and become cordial in 2014. The Russian Army started their first ever joint-drill in 2016.
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|{{flag|Philippines}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1976|06|02}}||See [[Philippines–Russia relations]]
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|{{flag|Qatar}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Qatar–Russia relations]]
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|{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}||{{dts|1926}}||See [[Russia–Saudi Arabia relations]]
* Russia has an embassy in [[Riyadh]].
* Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Moscow.
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|{{flag|Singapore}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1968|06|01}}||See [[Russia–Singapore relations]]
* Singapore maintains an embassy in [[Moscow]] and [[Russia]] has an embassy in Singapore.

Singapore and the [[Soviet Union]] (now Russia) entered into full [[Diplomacy|diplomatic relations]] on 1 June 1968. The two nations engaged in trade and economic cooperation. After the start of [[Vladimir Putin]]'s term, [[Singapore]] and [[Russia]] strengthened ties, participating in a number of regional meetings such as the [[ASEAN]]-Russia Summit and the [[ASEAN]] Regional Forum. Both Singapore and Russia are members of [[Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation|APEC]].
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|{{flag|South Korea}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1990|09|30}}||See [[Russia–South Korea relations]]

* Russian embassy in Seoul and a consulate-general in [[Busan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://korea-seoul.mid.ru/|title=Посольство Российской Федерации в Республике Корея}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://pusan.mid.ru/en/ |title=Consulate-General of the Russian Federation in Busan, Republic of Korea}}</ref>
* South Korean embassy in Moscow and consulates-general in [[Irkutsk]], [[Saint Petersburg]], [[Vladivostok]] and a consular office in [[Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://overseas.mofa.go.kr/ru-ko/index.do|title=주 러시아 대한민국 대사관|website=overseas.mofa.go.kr}}</ref>
* South Korea is on Russia's [[Unfriendly countries list|list of unfriendly countries]]
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|{{flag|Sri Lanka}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Russia–Sri Lanka relations]]
*During the war between the [[Sri Lanka Armed Forces]] (Government of Sri Lanka) and Tamil Tigers, Russia helped Sri Lanka by providing education on battle field tactics to [[Sri Lanka Army]].
*Sri Lanka also reacted in favor of Russia during [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|its invasion of Ukraine]], and acknowledged the concerns of Russia as justifiable.<ref>“While acknowledging the justifiable concerns of the Russian Federation, Sri Lanka also welcomes attempts at de-escalating the tension. Sri Lanka is confident that the parties concerned would be able to resolve the issues arising out of the recent developments, through a legitimate democratic process, enabling harmonious co-existence of the people of Ukraine.” - See more at: http://www.nation.lk/edition/breaking-news/item/26839-ukraine-crisis-lanka-regrets-presidents-unconstitutional-removal.html#sthash.888W7iUA.dpuf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140505143232/http://www.nation.lk/edition/breaking-news/item/26839-ukraine-crisis-lanka-regrets-presidents-unconstitutional-removal.html#sthash.888W7iUA.dpuf |date=5 May 2014 }}</ref>
*Russia has an embassy in Colombo. Sri Lanka has an [[Embassy of Sri Lanka in Moscow|embassy]] in Moscow.
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|{{flag|Syria}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Russia–Syria relations]]
Russia has an embassy in [[Damascus]] and a consulate in [[Aleppo]], and Syria has an [[Embassy of Syria in Moscow|embassy in Moscow]]. As with most of the [[Arab world|Arab countries]], Russia enjoys a historically strong and stable friendly relationship with Syria.

Since 1971, Russia has leased port facilities in [[Tartus]] for its naval fleet. Between 1992 and 2008 these facilities were much in disrepair, however, works have commenced concurrent with the [[2008 South Ossetia war]] to improve the port's facilities to support an increased Mediterranean presence of the [[Russian Navy]].

Russia is believed to have sent Syria dozens of Iskander missiles.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Paul Alster|title= Russians moving into Syria. Strategic alliance include fleet, missiles|url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/when-it-comes-to-syria-russia-sends-missiles-mixed-signals/#ixzz2NATSHCz2|work=[[Fox News]]|date=22 December 2012 |access-date=10 March 2013}}</ref>

Russia has been strongly supporting Syria in the [[Syrian civil war]], especially since the start of an [[Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War|air campaign in 2015]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Taiwan}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Russia–Taiwan relations]]
In the [[Chinese Civil War]], the [[Soviet Union]] had a tumultuous yet strategic relations with the [[Kuomintang]]-led Nationalist China until 1949 with the proclamation of the [[People's Republic of China]] and the subsequent military takeover of [[Mainland China]] by the [[Chinese Communist Party]]. In the [[Second Taiwan Strait Crisis]], the Soviet Union under the leadership of [[Nikita Khrushchev]] recommended the internationalization of the [[Taiwan Question]] and appealed to the United Nations and other multilateral organizations to erase the crisis, further, the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]] called for the Ten Nations Summit in [[New Delhi]] to discuss the issue and eradicate the military tension on 27 September 1958 and undermined as one of the precursors of the latter [[Sino-Soviet split]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://big5.citygf.com/cul/cul_005005/201006/t20100625_489043_2.html |title=炮擊金門幕後揭秘：玩弄中蘇同盟種下分裂惡果-歷史名人-文化名城-廣佛都市網 |publisher=Big5.citygf.com |date=25 June 2010 |access-date=25 April 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130313160105/http://big5.citygf.com/cul/cul_005005/201006/t20100625_489043_2.html |archive-date=13 March 2013}}</ref> Since the formation of the [[Russian Federation]], Taiwan has exported many ferric materials to Russia in 2004–2005. In 2005, the total amount of the trade between the two economies was $2,188,944,473. Russia also has a representative office in Taipei,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtc.org.tw/english/index.html |title=Representative office in Taipei for the Moscow-Taipei Coordination Commission on Economic and Cultural Cooperation v.2.0 |publisher=Mtc.org.tw |access-date=25 April 2013}}</ref> and Republic of China has a representative office in [[Moscow]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.roc-taiwan.org/RU/mp.asp?mp=237|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703214706/http://www.roc-taiwan.org/RU/mp.asp?mp=237|url-status=dead|title=首頁 - 台北莫斯科經濟文化協調委員會駐莫斯科代表處 Representative Office in Moscow for the Taipei-Moscow Economic and Cultural Coordination Commission|archive-date=3 July 2015|website=www.tmeccc.org}}</ref> According to the data, Russia keeps a positive balance in its trade relations with Taiwan mainly from crude oil, cast iron and steel, nonferrous metals, petrochemical products, ferroalloys, coking coal, timber, and chemical fertilizers. Russia imports mostly electronics and electronic parts, computers and computer parts, and home appliances. The two countries cooperate closely and intensely by establishing unofficial diplomatic relations since 1993~1996. Taipei is targeting Russia for [[exporting]] opportunities and [[marketing]] potentials and this mutually-beneficial relationship is effective, especially under the framework of [[APEC]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.taiwan.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=87756&ctNode=3085&mp=4 |title=Chinese Taipei, Russia Intensify Cooperation |publisher=Taiwan.gov.tw |access-date=15 November 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203045223/http://www.taiwan.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=87756&ctNode=3085&mp=4 |archive-date=3 December 2013}}</ref>
* Taiwan is on Russia's [[Unfriendly countries list|list of unfriendly countries]]
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Tajikistan}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Russia–Tajikistan relations]]
Until 2005, Russia had 11,000 border guards manning the Tajik frontier with Afghanistan. In September 2012, and after months of negotiating, Russia and Tajikistan have reached an agreement on what Russia will pay for its bases in Tajikistan and extended the lease to 20 or 29 years. The bases are used for 9,000 Russian troops of the 201st Motor Rifle Division. The new deal with Tajikistan makes it worthwhile for Russia to upgrade the four army camps and one air base they occupy. To get the long lease, Russia agreed to sell Tajikistan weapons and military equipment at a sharp discount and train Tajik officers in Russian schools, for free, for the duration of the deal. Tajikistan also promises to help keep the heroin out of Russia.<ref>{{cite news|title=Russians Continue to Guard the Tajik Border with Afghanistan|url=http://www.satrapia.com/news/article/russians-continue-to-guard-the-tajik-border-with-afghanistan/|newspaper=The Gazette of Central Asia|date=21 September 2012|publisher=Satrapia}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{Flagu|Timor-Leste}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Russia–Timor-Leste relations]]
Russia was one of the first countries to recognise Timor-Leste's independence and took part in nearly all UN aid programs, providing food and relief personnel, including civil and transport aviation pilots.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ruvr.ru/main.php?lng=eng&q=33909&cid=57&p=17.10.2008 |title=Voice of Russia |access-date=22 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091102134741/http://ruvr.ru/main.php?lng=eng |archive-date=2 November 2009}}</ref> After the shooting of [[José Ramos-Horta]] (former president of Timor-Leste), the Russian ministry said; "The Russian side expresses its concern over the attempt on the life of the Timor-Leste president, and hopes political stability in Timor-Leste will be maintained, as a fundamental condition for a successful solution to the complicated problems it is facing. And in the interests of strengthening national unity and ensuring social and economic development."

Russia is represented in Timor-Leste through its embassy in [[Jakarta, Indonesia|Jakarta (Indonesia)]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Turkey}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Russia–Turkey relations]]
* Russia has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and consulate-general in [[Antalya]], [[Istanbul]] and [[Trabzon]].
* Turkey has an embassy in Moscow and consulate-general in [[Kazan]], [[Novorossiysk]] and [[Saint Petersburg]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Turkmenistan}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Russia–Turkmenistan relations]]
* Russia has an [[Embassy of Russia in Ashgabat|embassy in Ashgabat]] and a consulate-general in [[Türkmenbaşy, Turkmenistan|Türkmenbaşy]].<ref>[http://www.turkmenistan.mid.ru/ Russian Embassy in Turkmenistan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090624132510/http://www.turkmenistan.mid.ru/ |date=24 June 2009}} {{in lang|ru}}</ref>
* Turkmenistan has an embassy in [[Moscow]].<ref>[http://www.turkmenembassy.ru/ Turkmenistan Embassy in Russia] {{in lang|ru}}</ref>

Recently, Russian-Turkmenistan relations have revolved around Russia's efforts to secure [[natural gas]] export deals from Turkmenistan. Russia is competing with [[China]], the [[European Union]], [[India]] and the [[United States]] for access to Turkmenistan's rich supply of [[hydrocarbons]].<ref>{{cite news |last=[[Associated Press]] |title= Russian president in Turkmenistan to consolidate Kremlin's grip on Central Asian energy |newspaper=International Herald Tribune |date=4 July 2008 |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/07/04/asia/AS-GEN-Turkmenistan-Russia-Caspian-Energy.php |access-date=5 July 2008}}</ref> The two countries often lock horns over price negotiations for gas exports to Russia.<ref>{{cite news |last = Blagov |first = Sergei |title = Russia faces a collapse of its economic and political clout |work = Eurasianet |date = 30 December 2008 |url = http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/insight/articles/eav123008.shtml |access-date = 16 April 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100212032340/http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/insight/articles/eav123008.shtml |archive-date = 12 February 2010 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last = Trilling |first = David |title = Pipeline spat with the Kremlin turns into a political test of strength |work = Eurasianet |date = 15 April 2009 |url = http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/insightb/articles/eav041509.shtml |access-date = 16 April 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090418191449/http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/insightb/articles/eav041509.shtml |archive-date = 18 April 2009 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all}}</ref> Turkmen president [[Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow]] has agreed to help supply and expand the Russian-backed [[Central Asia-Center gas pipeline system|Pricaspiysky pipeline]], however no action has yet occurred towards this goal.<ref>{{cite news |last = Blank |first = Stephen |title = Russian president strives for a breakthrough moment in Caspian basin energy game |work = Eurasianet |date = 2 July 2008 |url = http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/insight/articles/eav070208a.shtml |access-date = 5 July 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080812234328/http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/insight/articles/eav070208a.shtml |archive-date = 12 August 2008 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1971|12}}||See [[Russia–United Arab Emirates relations]]

* Russia has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate-general in [[Dubai]].
* United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Moscow.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Uzbekistan}}||{{dts|1992}}
|See [[Russia–Uzbekistan relations]]
* Uzbekistan has an embassy in [[Moscow]]
* Russia has an embassy in [[Tashkent]].
* Uzbekistan was once a former Soviet Socialist republic. It still has strong ties to Russia and the West.
* In the aftermath of the [[May 2005 unrest in Uzbekistan|May 2005 unrest]], Uzbekistan demanded that the United States leave the base at [[Karshi-Khanabad]].
* In November 2005, both presidents [[Islam Karimov]] and [[Vladimir Putin]] had signed a mutual cooperation agreement in [[Moscow]].
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20121009132317/http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/insight/articles/eav111505.shtml Uzbekistan]
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Vietnam}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1950|01|30}}||See [[Russia–Vietnam relations]]
* USSR was an ally of Vietnam.
* On 30 January 1950 the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics]] established an embassy to [[North Vietnam]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.vietnamembassy-usa.org/news/story.php?d=20010305003822|title=Vietnam-Russia traditional ties reach new heights|date=5 March 2001|access-date=8 August 2007|publisher=Embassy of Vietnam in the United States of America}}</ref> The USSR was traditionally one of Vietnam's strongest allies.
|}

=== Europe ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:11%;"| Formal relations began
! style="width:74%;"| Notes
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|European Union}}
|
|{{Main|Russia–European Union relations}}
* The European Union is on Russia's [[Unfriendly countries list|list of unfriendly countries]]
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Albania}}||7 April 1924||See [[Albania–Russia relations]]
* Albania has an embassy in [[Moscow]].
* Russia has an embassy in [[Tirana]].
* [[Albania–Soviet Union relations]] (7 April 1924 with [[Soviet Union]])
* Albania is on Russia's [[Unfriendly countries list|list of unfriendly countries]]
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Austria}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Austria–Russia relations]]
*See [[Embassy of Austria in Moscow]]
*See [[Embassy of Russia in Vienna]]
*See [[Russians in Austria]]
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Belarus}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Belarus–Russia relations]] or [[Foreign relations of Russia towards Belarus]]
The introduction of [[free trade]] between Russia and Belarus in mid-1995 led to a spectacular growth in bilateral trade, which was only temporarily reversed in the wake of the [[History of post-Soviet Russia#The crises of 1998|financial crisis of 1998]]. President [[Alexander Lukashenko]] sought to develop a closer relationship with Russia. The framework for the Union of Russia and Belarus was set out in the Treaty On the Formation of a Community of Russia and Belarus (1996), the Treaty on Russia-Belarus Union, the Union Charter (1997), and the Treaty of the Formation of a Union State (1999). The integration treaties contained commitments to [[monetary union]], [[civil rights|equal rights]], single citizenship, and a common defence and [[foreign policy]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Belgium}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Belgium–Russia relations]]

Russia has an embassy in [[Brussels]] and a consulate-general in [[Antwerp]], whilst Belgium has an [[Embassy of Belgium in Moscow|embassy in Moscow]] and an honorary consulate in [[Saint Petersburg]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}||<!--Date Started-->||See [[Bosnia and Herzegovina–Russia relations]]
* Bosnia and Herzegovina has an embassy in [[Moscow]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rf-bih.ru/hr/|title=Veleposlanstvo Bosne i Hercegovine u Ruskoj Federaciji|access-date=10 March 2021|archive-date=17 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190217023805/https://rf-bih.ru/hr/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Russia has an embassy in [[Sarajevo]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bih.mid.ru/en/|title=Embassy of the Russian Federation in Bosnia and Herzegovina}}</ref>
Bosnia is one of the countries where Russia has contributed troops for the NATO-led stabilization force.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=42279|title=Defense.gov News Article: Russian Troops Arriving in Bosnia|website=Defense.gov|access-date=20 February 2015}}</ref> Others were sent to Kosovo and Serbia.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Bulgaria}}|| <!-- date relations started--> 1879-07-07
|see [[Bulgaria–Russia relations]]
* Bulgaria has an [[Embassy of Bulgaria in Moscow|embassy in Moscow]] and 3 consulates general (in [[Saint Petersburg]], [[Novosibirsk]] and [[Yekaterinburg]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mfa.bg/moscow/|title=Bulgarian embassy in Moscow (in Bulgarian and Russian)|access-date=7 March 2018|archive-date=14 June 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090614060950/http://www.mfa.bg/moscow/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Russia has an embassy in [[Sofia]] and 2 consulates general (in [[Ruse, Bulgaria|Ruse]] and [[Varna, Bulgaria|Varna]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.russia.bg/index.php?lang=en |title=Russian embassy in Sofia |access-date=7 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090316035702/http://www.russia.bg/index.php?lang=en |archive-date=16 March 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Russia was the first country to recognize Bulgaria, and greatly helped Bulgaria in its war of independence from Ottoman Turkey.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Croatia}}||1992-05-25
|See [[Croatia–Russia relations]]
* Croatia has an [[Embassy of Croatia in Moscow|embassy in Moscow]] and an honorary consulate in [[Kaliningrad]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ru.mfa.hr/?mv=1630&mh=284|title=Rusija - MVEP • Hrvatski|website=ru.mfa.hr|language=hr, ru|access-date=7 March 2018|archive-date=28 May 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090528022337/http://ru.mfa.hr/?mv=1630&mh=284|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Russia has an embassy in [[Zagreb]].<ref>{{in lang|ru|hr}} [http://www.croatia.mid.ru/ Embassy of The Russian Federation in Zagreb] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090412090136/http://www.croatia.mid.ru/ |date=12 April 2009}}</ref>
* Croatia is on Russia's [[Unfriendly countries list|list of unfriendly countries]]
*[https://archive.today/20130107185002/http://www.mvpei.hr/CustomPages/Static/HRV//templates/_frt_bilateralni_odnosi_po_drzavama_en.asp?id=156 Croatian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: list of bilateral treaties with Russia]
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Czech Republic}}||<!--Start date-->||See [[Czech Republic–Russia relations]]
* Czech republic is on an 'unfriendly states list'.
* Russia also has further reduced its oil deliveries to the Czech Republic.
* The Czech Republic has an embassy in Moscow, and two consulate generals (in [[Saint Petersburg]] and [[Yekaterinburg]]).
* The Russian Federation has an [[Embassy of Russia in Prague|embassy in Prague]], and two consulate generals in ([[Brno]] and [[Karlovy Vary]]).
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Denmark}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1493|11|8}}||See [[Denmark–Russia relations]]
*Russia has an embassy in Copenhagen.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.denmark.mid.ru/1d.html|title= Russian embassy in Copenhagen, Denmark|author= Government of Russia|access-date= 22 February 2011|archive-url= https://archive.today/20120802034801/http://www.denmark.mid.ru/1d.html|archive-date= 2 August 2012|url-status= dead|df= dmy-all}}</ref>
*Denmark has an embassy in [[Moscow]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rusland.um.dk/|title=Denmark in Russia|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark|access-date=16 December 2020|archive-date=19 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219152417/https://rusland.um.dk/|url-status=dead}}</ref> -  a consulate-general in [[Saint Petersburg]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Danish consulate general in Saint Petersburg, Russia|url=http://www.gksktpetersborg.um.dk/da|access-date=20 October 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111026052002/http://www.gksktpetersborg.um.dk/da|archive-date=26 October 2011}}</ref>
* Denmark is on Russia's [[Unfriendly countries list|list of unfriendly countries]]
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Estonia}}||<!--Data started-->{{dts|format=dmy|1920-02-02}}||See [[Estonia–Russia relations]] and [[Chechen–Estonia relations]]
Russia recognised Estonia via the [[Treaty of Tartu (Russian–Estonian)|Tartu Peace Treaty]] on 2 February 1920. Russian-Estonian relations were re-established in January 1991, when presidents [[Boris Yeltsin]] of [[RSFSR]] and [[Arnold Rüütel]] of the Republic of Estonia met in Tallinn and signed a treaty governing the relations of the two countries after the anticipated independence of Estonia from the Soviet Union.<ref>Kristina Kallas, ''[http://www.ut.ee/ABVKeskus/eesti/eesti-vene.doc Eesti Vabariigi ja Vene Föderatsiooni riikidevahelised läbirääkimised aastatel 1990–1994] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225225805/http://www.ut.ee/ABVKeskus/eesti/eesti-vene.doc |date=25 February 2009}}'' - Tartu 2000</ref><ref>[[Eesti Ekspress]]: ''[http://www.ekspress.ee/viewdoc/41763F52B461B81DC22572C800232248 Ta astus sajandist pikema sammu - Boriss Jeltsin 1931-2007] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927002407/http://www.ekspress.ee/viewdoc/41763F52B461B81DC22572C800232248 |date=27 September 2007}}'', 25 April 2007</ref> The treaty guaranteed the right to freely choose their citizenship for all residents of the former [[Estonian SSR]].

Russia re-recognised the Republic of Estonia on 24 August 1991 after the failed [[Soviet coup attempt]], as one of the first countries to do so. The Soviet Union recognised the independence of Estonia on 6 September. Estonia's ties with Boris Yeltsin weakened since the Russian leader's initial show of solidarity with the Baltic states in January 1991. Issues surrounding the withdrawal of Russian troops from the Baltic republics and Estonia's denial of automatic citizenship to persons who settled in Estonia in 1941-1991 and offspring<ref>Citizenship Act of Estonia (§ 5. Acquisition of Estonian citizenship by birth): {{cite web |url=http://www.legislationline.org/legislation.php?tid=11&lid=2296&less=false |title=Citizenship Act of Estonia (1995, consolidated March 2004) - Legislationline - free online legislation database |access-date=13 July 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927182603/http://www.legislationline.org/legislation.php?tid=11&lid=2296&less=false |archive-date=27 September 2007}}</ref> ranked high on the list of points of contention.
* The Estonian parliament in October 2022 voted in favour of officially recognising Russia as a terrorist state.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.politico.eu/article/as-the-third-country-to-estonia-declares-russia-a-terrorist-state/ | title=Estonian parliament declares Russia a terrorist state | date=18 October 2022}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Finland}}||
|{{Main|Finland–Russia relations}}
Relations with [[Russia]] are peaceful and friendly. Finland imports a lot of goods and basic necessities, such as fuel, and the two nations are agreeing on issues more than disagreeing on them. Russia has an embassy in [[Helsinki]], a consulate-general in [[Turku]] and consulates in [[Lappeenranta]] and [[Mariehamn]].

Finland has an embassy in Moscow and a consulate-general in [[Saint Petersburg]].

Finland was a part of the [[Russian Empire]] for 108 years, after being annexed from the Swedish empire. Discontent with Russian rule, Finnish national identity, and World War I eventually caused Finland to break away from Russia, taking advantage of the fact that Russia was withdrawing from World War I and a revolution was starting in earnest. Following the [[Finnish Civil War]] and [[October revolution]], Russians were virtually equated with Communists and due to official hostility to [[Communism]], Finno-Soviet relations in the period between the world wars remained tense. Voluntary activists arranged expeditions to [[Karelia]] (''[[heimosodat]]''), which ended when Finland and the Soviet Union signed the [[Treaty of Tartu (Russian–Finnish)|Treaty of Tartu]] in 1920. However, the Soviet Union did not abide by the treaty when they blockaded Finnish naval ships.  Finland was attacked by the USSR in 1939.  Finland fought the [[Winter War]] and the [[Continuation War]] against the Soviet Union in World War II.  During these wars the Finns suffered 90,000 casualties and inflicted severe casualties on the Russians (120,000 dead in the Winter War and 200,000 in the Continuation War).

Contemporary issues include problems with border controls causing persistent truck queues at the border, airspace violations, pollution of the [[Baltic Sea]], and Russian duties on exported wood to Finland's pulp and paper industry. Russia also considered large swathes of land near the Finnish border as special security area where foreign land ownership is forbidden. A similarly extensive restriction does not apply to Russian citizens. The [[Finnish Defence Forces]] and [[Finnish Security Intelligence Service]] have suspected that Russians have made targeted land purchases near military and other sensitive installations for intelligence or special operations purposes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iltalehti.fi/uutiset/a/2015031119338528|title=Katso kartta: venäläisten maakauppoja strategisissa kohteissa|website=Iltalehti.fi|access-date=24 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iltalehti.fi/uutiset/a/2016103122546706|title=Supo epäilee: Venäjä ostanut Suomesta kiinteistöjä sotilailleen|website=Iltalehti.fi|access-date=24 December 2017}}</ref> Right-wing commentators accuse the government of continuing the policy of [[Finlandisation]].

Recently, Finland-Russia relations have been under pressure with [[annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation]], which Finland considers illegal. Together with the rest of the European Union, Finland enforces sanctions against Russia that followed. Still, economic relations have not entirely deteriorated: 11.2% of imports to Finland are from Russia, and 5.7% of exports from Finland are to Russia, and cooperation between Finnish and Russian authorities continues.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://formin.finland.fi/public/default.aspx?nodeid=18156&contentlan=1&culture=fi-FI |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081125023048/http://formin.finland.fi/public/default.aspx?nodeid=18156&contentlan=1&culture=fi-FI |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 November 2008 |title=Ulkoasiainministeriö: Maat ja alueet: Kahdenväliset suhteet |access-date=2 January 2019}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|France}}||<!--Date started-->||''See [[France–Russia relations]]''
[[File:Vladimir Putin and Emmanuel Macron (2018-05-24) 07.jpg|thumb|Russian President [[Vladimir Putin]] meets with French President [[Emmanuel Macron]] in Saint Petersburg, 25 May 2018]]
Right after the breakup of the USSR, bilateral relations between France and Russia were initially warm. On 7 February 1992, France signed a bilateral treaty, recognizing Russia as a successor of the USSR. As described on the [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (France)|French Ministry of Foreign Affairs]], the bilateral relations between France and Russia remain longstanding, and remain strong to this day.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files_156/russia_399/france-and-russia_3057/index.html |title=French Ministry of foreign affairs – France and Russia |publisher=Diplomatie.gouv.fr |access-date=10 June 2011 |archive-date=4 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604063045/http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files_156/russia_399/france-and-russia_3057/index.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Germany}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Germany–Russia relations]]
Germany tries to keep Russia engaged with the rest of the Western world. The future aim is to promote a stable market-economy liberal democracy in Russia, which is part of the Western world.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Greece}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Greece–Russia relations]]
* Greece is on Russia's [[Unfriendly countries list|list of unfriendly countries]]
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Holy See}}||<!--Start date-->2009||See [[Holy See–Russia relations]].
Russia has an embassy in Rome accredited to the Holy See.
Holy See–Russia relations are largely linked to ecumenical relations with the [[Russian Orthodox Church]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Hungary}}||<!--Start date-->||See [[Hungary–Russia relations]]
* Hungary has an [[Embassy of Hungary in Moscow|embassy in Moscow]] and two consulate-generals (in [[Saint Petersburg]] and [[Yekaterinburg]]).
* Russia has an embassy in Budapest and a consulate-general in [[Debrecen]].
* Both countries are full members of the [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe]].
* Both countries legalized homosexuality while opposing same-sex marriages, and outlawed LGBT propaganda towards minors since 2013 (Russia) and 2021 (Hungary) respectively.
* Hungary is on Russia's [[Unfriendly countries list|list of unfriendly countries]]
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Iceland}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Iceland–Russia relations]]

* Iceland has an embassy in Moscow.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iceland.is/iceland-abroad/ru/english/|title=English > Russia > The Icelandic Foreign Services|access-date=20 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329234411/http://www.iceland.is/iceland-abroad/ru/english/|archive-date=29 March 2015|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* Russia has an embassy in [[Reykjavík]].<ref>[http://www.iceland.mid.ru/index_e.html Embassy of the Russian Federation to the Republic of Iceland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103063400/http://www.iceland.mid.ru/index_e.html |date=3 November 2014}} (in English)</ref>
* Both countries have close ties in financing, which has strengthened the relations between the two.<ref>{{cite news |title=Iceland seeks Russian comfort |url=http://www.mnweekly.ru/columnists/20081010/55350499.html |quote=Russia received a similar official request late on Tuesday and the country's Finance Minister Alexei Kudrin was quoted by Interfax as saying: "We will consider it. Iceland has a reputation for strict budget discipline and has a high credit rating. We're looking favorably at the request." Negotiations on the loan are supposed to start on October 14. |work=[[The Moscow News]] |access-date=26 June 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090531021947/http://www.mnweekly.ru/columnists/20081010/55350499.html |archive-date=31 May 2009}}</ref> Iceland also called Russia as its "new friend" after having been turned down by its traditional allies for an emergency loan to boost the balance sheet of its second largest commercial bank.<ref>{{cite news |first= Rowena|last= Mason|title=Iceland nationalises bank and seeks Russian loan |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/banksandfinance/3154116/Financial-crisis-Iceland-nationalises-bank-and-seeks-Russian-loan.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/banksandfinance/3154116/Financial-crisis-Iceland-nationalises-bank-and-seeks-Russian-loan.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |quote=Prime Minister Geir Haarde rushed emergency measures through the Nordic nation's parliament to nationalise Landsbanki and give the country's largest bank, Kaupthing, a £400m loan to bolster its balance sheet. |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date= 7 October 2008|access-date=26 June 2009 | location=London}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
* Iceland is on Russia's [[Unfriendly countries list|list of unfriendly countries]]
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Ireland}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Ireland–Russia relations]]
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Italy}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Italy–Russia relations]]

Russia has an embassy in [[Rome]] and [[consulate]]s in [[Genoa]], [[Milan]] and [[Palermo]], and Italy has an [[Embassy of Italy in Moscow|embassy in Moscow]], a [[consulate]] in [[Saint Petersburg]], two consulte generals (in [[Ekaterinburg]] and [[Kaliningrad]]), and two embassy branches in ([[Samara, Russia|Samara]] and [[Volgograd]]). Both countries are full members of the [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe]].

Russia enjoys close relations with Italy. In 2006, Russia and Italy have signed a protocol of cooperation for fighting crime and defending civil liberties. There are close commercial ties between the two countries. Italy is Russia's second important commercial partner in the EU, after Germany. and its state-owned energy company, [[Eni|ENI]], has recently signed a very important long-term contract with [[Gazprom]], to import Russian gas into Italy.

The relationship between Russia and Italy goes back a long way. Already in the 1960s, Italy's FIAT built a car-assembling plant in the Soviet city of [[Tolyatti]] (a city named after the Italian Communist Party's secretary [[Palmiro Togliatti]]). Russians have always visited Italy in great numbers. Many Russian students come to Italy each year to study arts and music.{{Citation needed|date=February 2008}} Unlike many other Western European countries, Italy has traditionally always maintained good relationships with Russia, even during the Soviet era.{{Citation needed|date=February 2008}} In particular, the [[Silvio Berlusconi]] Government (2001–2006) strengthened Italy's ties with Russia, due to his personal friendship with President [[Vladimir Putin]]. Cooperation extends also to the aviation sector, between Italy's Alenia and Russia's Sukhoi, who are jointly developing a new aircraft. Finally, for a long time Italy had the largest communist party in the Western world, with over 2 million members.
.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://newsfromrussia.com/world/2006/01/20/71472.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929102807/http://newsfromrussia.com/world/2006/01/20/71472.html|url-status=dead|title=Italy, Russia sign 'protocol of cooperation' - Pravda.Ru<!-- Bot generated title -->|archive-date=29 September 2007}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Latvia}}||<!--Date began-->1920-10-04 and again 1991-10-04||See [[Latvia–Russia relations]]
* Until 1917, Latvia had been part of the Russian empire. Following the Latvian declaration of independence, [[Latvian War of Independence|war]] broke out between Latvia and the [[Russian SFSR]].
* Diplomatic relations between the two countries were first established in 1920, following the conclusion of a Soviet-Latvian peace treaty on 11 August 1920.<ref>Text in ''League of Nations Treaty Series'', vol. 2, pp. 196-231</ref> The treaty was ratified by the Latvian Constituent Assembly on 2 September, and by the Latvian government on 25 September. On the Russian side, it was ratified by the Pan Russian Central Executive Committee on 9 September. Ratification letters were exchanged between the two governments in Moscow on 4 October, the date on which in entered into effect. These relations lasted until the Soviet take over of Latvia in 1940.
* Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Russian government recognized the independence of Latvia on 24 August 1991.
* Russia expresses concern for how Latvia's language and naturalization laws effect Latvia's Russian-speaking population. Russians comprised 27.6% of the population in 2010. In turn, Latvia is interested in the welfare of ethnic Latvians still residing in Russia. The latest Russian census shows about 40,000 still living in Russia, but sources indicate that given the probability of an undercount, Latvians in Russia probably number about 50,000-60,000.
|-
|{{flag|Liechtenstein }}
|{{dts|30 January 1994}}<ref name=":33">{{Cite web |date=28 February 2022 |title=Prince Alois of Liechtenstein comments on the Russian invasion of Ukraine |url=https://royalcentral.co.uk/europe/prince-alois-of-liechtenstein-comments-on-the-russian-invasion-of-ukraine-173231/ |access-date=10 September 2022}}</ref>
|See [[Liechtenstein–Russia relations]]
* Liechtenstein is on Russia's [[Unfriendly countries list|list of unfriendly countries]]
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Lithuania}}||<!--Date started-->12 July 1920 and again 27 July 1991||See [[Lithuania-Russia relations]]
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Netherlands}}||  ||See [[Netherlands-Russia relations]] 
* the Netherlands has an embassy in Moscow and consulate-general in Saint Petersburg.
* Russia has an embassy in [[The Hague]]. 
* the Netherlands is on Russia's [[Unfriendly countries list|list of unfriendly countries]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Norway}}||<!--Date started-->30 October 1905||See [[Norway–Russia relations]]
* The two countries established formal relations in 1905-10-30<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.norvegia.ru/norsk/russland/fakta/bilaterale.htm |title=Norwegian embassy in Moscow |access-date=7 March 2018 |archive-date=5 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090505132429/http://www.norvegia.ru/norsk/russland/fakta/bilaterale.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Norway has an [[Embassy of Norway in Moscow|embassy in Moscow]] and a consulate-general in [[Saint Petersburg]] and a consulate in [[Murmansk]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.norvegia.ru/|title=Norway – the official site in Russia|access-date=20 February 2015|archive-date=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044949/http://www.norvegia.ru/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Russia has an embassy in Oslo and consulates-general in [[Barentsburg]] and [[Kirkenes]].<ref>[http://www.norway.mid.ru/en/ Embassy of Russia in Oslo (in English, Norwegian and Russian)] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611022740/http://www.norway.mid.ru/en/ |date=11 June 2011}}</ref>
*''See also'': [[Kola Norwegians]]
* Norway is on Russia's [[Unfriendly countries list|list of unfriendly countries]]
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Poland}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Poland–Russia relations]]
In recent years, relations with Russia have worsened considerably. Poland responded with strong disapproval towards the [[2008 Georgian Crisis]], in which a military invasion of Georgia was led by Russia. Georgia is a former USSR republic, Poland was a member of the Eastern Bloc, and Poland stated its support for Georgia and condemned Russia's actions. The Polish believed the invasion was carried out by the Russians in an attempt to reestablish and reassert its dominance over its former republics.
Since 2009, however, relations with Russia somewhat improved – despite the [[2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash|plane accident]] where the former Polish president died on what is still considered a controversial event. After the [[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation]] the relations deteriorated again, as Poland strongly condemned Russian actions against [[Ukraine]].
* Poland has an embassy in Moscow and consulates-general in Irkutsk, Kaliningrad and Saint Petersburg.
* Russia has an embassy in [[Warsaw]] and consulates-general in [[Gdańsk]], [[Kraków]] and [[Poznań]]. 
* Poland is on Russia's [[Unfriendly countries list|list of unfriendly countries]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Portugal}}||<!--Date started-->1779||See [[Portugal–Russia relations]]
*The countries are the easternmost and westernmost in Europe, and they both have very good relations with each other.
* Portugal has an embassy in Moscow.
* Russia has an embassy in [[Lisbon]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Romania}}||<!--Start date-->1878-10-12||See [[Romania–Russia relations]]
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Serbia}} ||1838/1940||See [[Russia–Serbia relations]]
* Serbia has an [[Embassy of Serbia in Moscow|embassy in Moscow]]
* Russia has an [[Embassy of Russia in Belgrade|embassy in Belgrade]] and a liaison office to [[UNMIK]] in [[Pristina]].
Diplomatic relations between the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]] and the [[Soviet Union]] were established on 24 June 1940, and Serbia and the Russian Federation recognize the continuity of all inter-State documents signed between the two countries. There are about 70 bilateral treaties, agreements and protocols signed in the past. Serbia and the Russian Federation have signed and ratified 43 bilateral agreements and treaties in diverse areas of mutual cooperation so far.<ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.rs/Policy/Bilaterala/Russia/basic_e.html Bilateral Political Relations with Russia] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120805104417/http://www.mfa.gov.rs/Policy/Bilaterala/Russia/basic_e.html |date=5 August 2012}}, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Slovakia}}||<!--Date started-->1993-01-01||See [[Russia–Slovakia relations]]

* Russia opened its embassy in [[Bratislava]] in 1993.
* Slovakia has an embassy in [[Moscow]].
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180308103617/http://www.rusemb.sk/]
* Slovakia is on Russia's [[Unfriendly countries list|list of unfriendly countries]]
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Slovenia}}||<!-- Start date -->1992-05-25||See [[Russia–Slovenia relations]]

* Russia has an embassy in [[Ljubljana]].<ref>[http://ljubljana.rusembassy.org/ Russian embassy in Ljubljana] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091129074816/http://ljubljana.rusembassy.org/ |date=29 November 2009}}</ref>
* Slovenia has an embassy in [[Moscow]] and two honorary consulates (in [[Saint Petersburg]] and [[Samara, Russia|Samara]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.moscow.embassy.si/en|title=Veleposlaništvo RS Moskva|website=www.moscow.embassy.si|date=20 May 2022}}</ref>
* Slovenia is on Russia's [[Unfriendly countries list|list of unfriendly countries]]
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Spain}}||<!--start date -->||See [[Russia–Spain relations]]

* Russia has an embassy in [[Madrid]] and a consulate-general in [[Barcelona]].
* Spain has an embassy in Moscow and a consulate-general in Saint Petersburg. 
* Spain is on Russia's [[Unfriendly countries list|list of unfriendly countries]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Sweden}}||<!--start date -->||See [[Russia–Sweden relations]].

Both countries had a history of war, and reastablishing diplomatic missions. Russia has an embassy in [[Stockholm]] and a consulate in [[Gothenburg]], and Sweden has an [[Embassy of Sweden in Moscow|embassy in Moscow]] and consulates in [[Saint Petersburg]] and [[Kaliningrad]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Switzerland}}||<!--Date started-->1816||See [[Russia–Switzerland relations]]
Switzerland opened a consulate in [[Saint Petersburg]] in 1816, upgrading it to a legation 90 years later. The two countries broke off diplomatic relations in 1923, when Russia was going through a period of revolutionary turmoil – and they were not resumed until 1946. Russia has an embassy in [[Bern]] and a Consulate-General in [[Geneva]]. Switzerland has an embassy in Moscow and since 2006, a Consulate-General in [[Saint Petersburg]].
* Switzerland is on Russia's [[Unfriendly countries list|list of unfriendly countries]]
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Ukraine}}||'''Diplomatic relations severed in February 2022'''<!--Date started-->||See [[Russia–Ukraine relations]]

* Russia had an embassy in [[Kyiv]] and consulates-general in [[Kharkiv]], [[Lviv]] and [[Odesa]].
* Ukraine had an embassy in Moscow and consulates-general in [[Rostov-on-Don]], Saint Petersburg, Tyumen and Vladivostok.
* Starting in November 2013, the decision by Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych to back out of signing an integration agreement with the [[European Union]] started a period of civil unrest between [[Euromaidan|Ukrainians who favored integration with the European Union]] and [[Anti-Maidan|those who wanted closer ties with Russia]]. This culminated in the [[2014 Ukrainian Revolution]].
* Russia took advantage of this political instability to [[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|annex Crimea]] in March 2014, though [[Political status of Crimea|Ukraine still claims sovereignty over the territory]]. Russia has also supported separatist forces in the [[War in Donbas (2014–2022)|war in Donbas]].
* In December 2015, Russian hackers reportedly [[2015 Ukraine power grid hack|hacked Ukraine's power grids]] leading to a blackout.
* On 24 February 2022, [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|Russia launched an invasion of Ukraine]], which prompted Ukraine to break diplomatic ties with its northeastern neighbor.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ukraine breaks off diplomatic ties with Russia|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/ukraine-breaks-off-diplomatic-ties-with-russia/|access-date=2022-02-24|website=The Times of Israel|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Kitsoft|title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine - Statement by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine Regarding the Severance of Diplomatic Relations with the Russian Federation|url=https://mfa.gov.ua/en/news/statement-ministry-foreign-affairs-ukraine-regarding-severance-diplomatic-relations-russian-federation|access-date=2022-02-24|website=mfa.gov.ua|language=en}}</ref>
* Ukraine is on Russia's [[Unfriendly countries list|list of unfriendly countries]]
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}|| 20 April 1566 ||See [[Russia–United Kingdom relations]]
Russia established [[Foreign relations of the United Kingdom|diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom]] on 20 April 1566.<ref name="britain">{{Cite book |last=Bell |first=Gary M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9D86YgEACAAJ |title=A Handlist of British Diplomatic Representatives: 1509-1688 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=1995 |isbn=0521283221 |pages=194, 221, 275 and 283}}</ref> 
*Russia maintains an [[Embassy of Russia, London|embassy]] in [[London]].
* The United Kingdom is accredited to Russia through its [[Embassy of the United Kingdom, Moscow|embassy]] in Moscow, and a consulate in Yekaterinburg.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-embassy-moscow|title=British Embassy Moscow|website=[[gov.uk|GOV.UK]]|access-date=20 May 2024|archive-date=11 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511143407/https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-embassy-moscow|url-status=live}}</ref>

In March 2022, the United Kingdom was added to Russia's [[unfriendly countries list]].<ref>{{Cite web|author=Al Jazeera|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/8/russia-deals-with-unfriendly-countries-require-moscow-approval|date=8 March 2022|title=Russia issues list of 'unfriendly' countries amid Ukraine crisis|website=[[Al Jazeera]]|access-date=20 May 2024|archive-date=8 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308075007/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/8/russia-deals-with-unfriendly-countries-require-moscow-approval|url-status=live}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the [[G20]], and the [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe|OSCE]]. Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/2861/russian-federation---united-kingdom-bit-1989-|title=Russian Federation - United Kingdom BIT (1989)|website=[[UN Trade and Development]]|access-date=2 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240227032932/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/2861/russian-federation---united-kingdom-bit-1989-|archive-date=27 February 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

=== Oceania ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:11%;"| Formal relations began
! style="width:74%;"| Notes
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Australia}}||<!--Date started-->1942||See [[Australia–Russia relations]]

* The first Australian embassy in Moscow opened in 1943. Australia has an [[Embassy of Australia in Moscow|embassy in Moscow]] and two honorary consulates (in [[Saint Petersburg]] and [[Vladivostok]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.russia.embassy.gov.au/|title=Homepage – Australian Embassy|work=embassy.gov.au|access-date=7 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307013616/http://russia.embassy.gov.au/|archive-date=7 March 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Russia has an embassy in Canberra and a consulate-general in Sydney.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.australia.mid.ru/ |title=Посольство России в Австралии |website=Australia.mid.ru |access-date=22 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116073939/http://www.australia.mid.ru/ |archive-date=16 January 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/russia/index.html Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade about the relation with Russia]
* Australia is on Russia's [[Unfriendly countries list|list of unfriendly countries]]
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Nauru}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Nauru–Russia relations]]
Russia is represented in Nauru through its embassy in [[Canberra, Australia|Canberra (Australia)]]. Russia's ambassador to Australia [[Alexander Blokhin (diplomat)|Alexander Blokhin]] serves concurrently as Russia's non-resident ambassador to Nauru (as well as to [[Fiji]] and [[Vanuatu]]).

Nauru's banks are said to have provided services to the mafia in Russia during the 1990s; over the course of the 1990s, approximately 70 billion U.S. dollars owned by Russian mafia were held in Nauru banks.<ref>[http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/04/18/1082226623418.html Pacific nation Nauru on brink of collapse] The Age, 18 April 2004</ref>

In 2009, Nauru became the fourth country to recognize the states of [[Abkhazia]] and [[South Ossetia]], breakaway regions of [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]. Only three other UN member states have done so. Russia was reported to be giving Nauru $50M in humanitarian aid in exchange.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/dec/14/nauro-recognises-abkhazia-south-ossetia|title=Tiny Nauru struts world stage by recognising breakaway republics|last=Harding|first=Luke|date=14 December 2009|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=14 December 2009 | location=London}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|New Zealand}}||<!--Start date--> 1943||See [[New Zealand–Russia relations]]
* New Zealand has an [[Embassy of New Zealand in Moscow|embassy in Moscow]] and an honorary consulate in [[Vladivostok]].
* Russia has an embassy in Wellington.
* Both countries are members of [[APEC]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Tonga}}||1976<!--Date started-->||See [[Russia–Tonga relations]]
The Kingdom of Tonga and the [[Soviet Union]] established formal diplomatic relations in 1976.  Tonga was the first [[Pacific Island]] country to establish relations with the USSR.  The USSR was dissolved in 1991 and was succeeded by Russia as the successor state.

On 2 October 2005, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation Sergey Lavrov and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Tonga ST T. Tupou exchanged telegrams offering congratulations on the occasion of 30th anniversary of establishing diplomatic relations between the two nations. In his heads of foreign ministries of Russia and Tonga expressed confidence in further development of Russian-Tongan relations in the interests of the peoples of both countries and strengthen peace and security in the Asia-Pacific region.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mid.ru/ns-rafr.nsf/89414576079db559432569d8002421fc/432569a400373407c325709000373b1b?OpenDocument |title=On the exchange of greeting telegrams between the Foreign Ministers of the Russian Federation and the Kingdom of Tonga on the occasion of 30 anniversary of establishment of diplomatic relations}}</ref>

Russia has a non-resident ambassador based in Canberra, Australia.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Vanuatu}}||<!--started-->30 June 1986
|See [[Russia–Vanuatu relations]] or [[Soviet Union–Vanuatu relations]]
* In 1987, Vanuatu authorised Soviet vessels to fish within Vanuatu's Exclusive Economic Zone, in exchange for economic aid. The agreement lapsed the following year, and was not renewed, due to disagreements over the price to be paid for fishing rights by the USSR.<ref>HUFFER, Elise 1993, pp.272-282"</ref>
|}