Editing Fermilab (section)

====LBNF/DUNE====
Fermilab strives to become the world leader in [[neutrino]] physics through the [[Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment]] at the [[Long Baseline Neutrino Facility]]. Other leaders are [[CERN]], which leads in [[Accelerator physics]] with the [[Large Hadron Collider]] (LHC), and Japan, which has been approved to build and lead the [[International Linear Collider]] (ILC). Fermilab will be the site of LBNF's future beamline, and the [[Sanford Underground Research Facility]] (SURF), in Lead, SD, is the site selected to house the massive far detector. The term "baseline" refers to the distance between the neutrino source and the detector. The far detector current design is for four modules of instrumented liquid argon with a fiducial volume of 10 kilotons each.

According to the 2016 Conceptual Design Report, the first two modules were expected to be complete in 2024, with the beam operational in 2026. The final modules were planned to be operational in 2027.<ref>{{cite arXiv |eprint=1601.05471 |display-authors=etal |last1=Acciarri |first1=R. |title=Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) and Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Conceptual Design Report Volume 1: The LBNF and DUNE Projects |class=physics.ins-det |year=2016}}</ref> In 2022, the cost for two far detector modules and the beam, alone, had risen to $3B. This led to a decision by the Department of Energy Office of Science to phase the experiment.<ref name=aaasmar22/> Phase I would consist of two modules, to be completed in 2028–29, and the beamline, to be completed in 2032. The installation of phase II, the remaining two far detector modules, is not yet planned and will be at a cost above the $3B estimate for phase I.<ref name=aaasmar22/>

A large prototype detector constructed at CERN took data with a test beam from 2018 to 2020. The results show that ProtoDUNE performed with greater than 99% efficiency.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Abi, B |display-authors=etal |title=First results on ProtoDUNE-SP liquid argon time projection chamber performance from a beam test at the CERN Neutrino Platform |journal=Journal of Instrumentation |date=December 3, 2020 |volume=15 |issue=12 |pages=12004 |doi=10.1088/1748-0221/15/12/P12004 |arxiv=2007.06722 |bibcode=2020JInst..15P2004A |doi-access=free}}</ref>

LBNF/DUNE program in neutrino physics plans to measure fundamental physical parameters with high precision and to explore physics beyond the [[Standard Model]]. The measurements DUNE will make are expected to greatly increase the physics community's understanding of neutrinos and their role in the universe, thereby better elucidating the nature of matter and anti-matter. It will send the world's highest-intensity neutrino beam to a near detector on the Fermilab site and the far detector 800 miles (1300&nbsp;km) away at SURF.