Editing Essen (section)

=== Industrialisation ===
{{multiple image|align=right|direction=horizontal|total_width=330|image1=Drei Ringe von Krupp.jpg |image2=Essen, Stammhaus Krupp, 2014-11 CN-02.jpg|caption1=Three rings of the [[Krupp]] logo |caption2=The historic house of the Krupp family in 2014}}
The first historic evidence of the important mining tradition of Essen date back to the 14th century, when the princess-abbess was granted mining rights. The first silver mine opened in 1354, but the indisputably more important coal was not mentioned until 1371, and coal mining only began in 1450.

At the end of the 16th century, many coal mines had opened in Essen, and the city earned a name as a centre of the weapons industry. Around 1570, [[gunsmith]]s made high profits and in 1620, they produced 14,000 rifles and pistols a year. The city became increasingly important strategically.

Resident in Essen since the 16th century, the Krupp family dynasty and Essen shaped each other. In 1811, [[Friedrich Krupp]] founded Germany's first cast-steel factory in Essen and laid the cornerstone for what was to be the largest enterprise in Europe for a couple of decades. The weapon factories in Essen became so important that a sign facing the [[Essen Hauptbahnhof|main railway station]] welcomed visitors [[Adolf Hitler|Hitler]] and [[Benito Mussolini|Mussolini]] to the "Armory of the [[Nazi Germany|Reich]]" ({{lang|de|Waffenschmiede des Reiches}}) in 1937.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nrw2000.de/ns/hitler_mussolini.htm|title=NRW 2000 – Epoche des Nationalsozialismus – Einleitung – Hitler und Mussolini besuchen die "Waffenschmiede des Reiches" und die Krupp-Werke Essen|publisher=Nrw2000.de|date=25 September 1937|access-date=6 April 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716112925/http://www.nrw2000.de/ns/hitler_mussolini.htm|archive-date=16 July 2011}}</ref> The Krupp Works also were the main reason for the [[:File:Essen Bevoelkerungsentwicklung 01 KMJ.png|large population growth]] beginning in the mid-19th century. Essen reached a population of 100,000 in 1896. Other industrialists, such as [[Friedrich Grillo]], who in 1892 donated the [[Grillo-Theater]] to the city, also played a major role in the shaping of the city and the [[Ruhr]] area in the late 19th and early 20th century. The main competitor of Krupp in the Ruhr area was Thyssen & Company, later the [[Thyssen AG]]. In 1999 the Krupp and Thyssen steel works merged to form [[ThyssenKrupp]] with a headquarter in Essen.<ref>{{cite book|title=Precious Metal: German Steel, Modernity, and Ecology|author=Peter H. Christensen|author-link=Peter H. Christensen|date=2022|publisher=Penn State University Press|isbn=9780271092454|page=[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=LR1tEAAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PA42 42]}}</ref>