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==References== {{Reflist|30em|refs= <ref name=Wong> {{cite encyclopedia |author1=O'Connor, Timothy |author2=Wong, Hong Yu |title=Emergent Properties|encyclopedia=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2012 Edition) |editor1=Edward N. Zalta |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2012/entries/properties-emergent/ |date=February 28, 2012}} </ref> }} ===Bibliography=== <!-- Primary order alphabetical on surname, secondary on year. Use unspaced Harvard Citations in the text: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Harvard_citation and fully spaced Harvard References here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Harvard_reference --> {{div col|colwidth=30em}} {{refbegin}} * {{cite journal |last1 = Albert | first1 = Réka | last2 = Jeong | first2 = Hawoong | last3 = Barabási | first3 = Albert-László | title = Diameter of the World-Wide Web | journal = Nature |date = 9 September 1999 | volume = 401 | issue = 6749 | pages = 130–131 | doi = 10.1038/43601| arxiv = cond-mat/9907038 | bibcode = 1999Natur.401..130A | s2cid = 4419938 }} * {{Citation | surname = Anderson | given = P.W. | title = More is Different: Broken Symmetry and the Nature of the Hierarchical Structure of Science | journal = [[Science (journal)|Science]] | volume = 177 | year = 1972 | pages = 393–96 | doi = 10.1126/science.177.4047.393 | pmid=17796623 | issue=4047|bibcode = 1972Sci...177..393A | s2cid = 34548824 }} * {{cite journal | last = Bedau | first = Mark A. | year = 1997 | title = Weak Emergence | journal = Philosophical Perspectives | volume = 11 | pages = 375–399 | doi = 10.1111/0029-4624.31.s11.17 |url = http://people.reed.edu/~mab/papers/weak.emergence.pdf}} * {{Citation |surname=Bejan |given=Adrian |year=2016 |title=The Physics of Life: The Evolution of Everything |publisher=St. Martin's Press |isbn=978-1250078827}} * Bejan, Adrian; Zane, J. P. (2012). ''Design in Nature: How the Constructal Law Governs Evolution in Biology, Physics, Technology, and Social Organizations''. Doubleday. {{ISBN|978-0-385-53461-1}} * {{cite book|last=Blitz|first=David|date=1992|title=Emergent Evolution: Qualitative Novelty and the Levels of Reality|location=Dordrecht|publisher=Kluwer Academic}} * {{Citation | surname = Corning | given = Peter A. | title = The Synergism Hypothesis: A Theory of Progressive Evolution | year = 1983 | publisher = McGraw-Hill | place = New York}} * {{Cite book|last=Corning|first=Peter A.|date=2005|title=Holistic Darwinism: Synergy, Cybernetics and the Bioeconomics of Evolution|location=Chicago|publisher=University of Chicago Press}} * {{cite book|last1=Huxley|first1=J. S.|last2=Huxley|first2=T. H.|date=1947|title=Evolution and Ethics: 1983–1934|location=London|publisher=The Pilot Press}} * {{Citation | surname = Koestler | given = Arthur | author-link = Arthur Koestler |editor1=A. Koestler |editor2=J. R. Smythies | title = Beyond Reductionism: New Perspectives in the Life Sciences | year = 1969 | publisher = Hutchinson | place = London}} * {{Citation | surname = Laughlin | given = Robert | author-link = Robert B. Laughlin | title = A Different Universe: Reinventing Physics from the Bottom Down | year = 2005 | publisher = Basic Books | isbn = 978-0-465-03828-2| title-link = A Different Universe: Reinventing Physics from the Bottom Down }} {{div col end}} * {{cite book|last=Steels|first=L|chapter=Towards a Theory of Emergent Functionality|editor-last1=Meyer|editor-first1=J.-A.|editor-last2=Wiloson|editor-first2=S. W.|title=From Animals to Animats: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior|pages=451–461|location=Cambridge|publisher=MIT Press|date=1991}} {{refend}}
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