Editing Egyptian Armed Forces (section)

== Military equipment and industry ==
{{main|Military industry of Egypt}}
[[File:Egyptian Mi-8 Hip helicopters after unloading troops.jpg|thumb|Egyptian Mi-8 Hip helicopters after unloading troops]]
The inventory of the Egyptian Armed Forces comprises equipment originating from a diverse array of countries, including the [[United States]], [[France]], [[Russia]], [[Germany]], [[Brazil]], the [[United Kingdom]], the [[Soviet Union]], and the [[People's Republic of China]]. This broad range of suppliers has posed challenges in terms of interoperability and maintenance. However, older systems are being gradually phased out in favor of more modern platforms acquired from multiple sources, with a substantial share produced under license in Egypt, most notably the [[M1 Abrams|M1A1 Abrams]] [[tank]].

In 2023 Egyptian company ACME SAICO released a C5ISR system designed to integrate and coordinate military platforms from both Western and Eastern origins. Developed to address the interoperability challenges of Egypt’s diverse arsenal, the platform uses real-time "interface layers" to translate data across incompatible systems. Already certified and operational within the Egyptian Armed Forces, the system has been integrated into all current air force aircraft and is being expanded to land and naval platforms. It builds on earlier iterations such as RISC3, and a more advanced C6ISR system is under joint development with [[Lockheed Martin]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.military.africa/2023/02/egypt-unveils-hybrid-c5isr-system-at-idex-2023/ | title=Egypt unveils hybrid C5ISR system at IDEX 2023 | website=Military Africa | date=February 24, 2023 | access-date=April 4, 2025 }}</ref>
[[File:Eagle 1 RCWS.jpg|thumb|left|Eagle 1, a [[remote controlled weapon station]] developed by Arab International Optronics|297x297px]]
The [[Ministry of Military Production (Egypt)|Ministry of Military Production]] oversees a wide network of factories and companies, including [[Abu Zaabal Specialized Industries]], which manufactures ammunition and small arms; [[Abu Zaabal Engineering Industries]], which produces artillery systems and shells; and the [[Armoured production and repair factory (Egypt)|Armoured Production and Repair Factory]], which builds and maintains armored vehicles such as the [[M1A1 Abrams]], [[K9 Thunder|K9A1EGY]], [[RAAD 200]], and [[SENA 200|Sinai 200]]. The Thales & Benha Electronics S.A.E. joint venture, formed between [[France]]’s [[Thales Group]] and Benha Electronics, specializes in advanced communication systems, research, and training.<ref name=thalesbenha>{{cite news | url=https://breakingdefense.com/2024/07/egypts-benha-electronics-teams-with-frances-thales-to-coproduce-military-comms-devices/#:~:text=The%20statement%20added%20that%20this,%E2%80%9D | title=Egypt’s Benha Electronics teams with France’s Thales to coproduce military comms devices | website=Breaking Defense | date=July 2024 | access-date=1 March 2025 }}</ref> Meanwhile, the [[Arab Organization for Industrialization]] (AOI) supervises multiple enterprises engaged in aerospace, electronics, vehicles, and armaments.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://nuke.fas.org/guide/egypt/agency/aoi.htm | title=Arab Organization for Industrialization | website=Federation of American Scientists | access-date=2 March 2025 }}</ref> AOI’s subsidiaries include [[Kader Factory for Developed Industries|Kader for Developed Industries]], which designs and manufactures armored vehicles; Sakr for Developed Industries, which produces missiles and rockets; and joint ventures such as Arab British Dynamics Co., which specializes in guided weaponry, and Arab American Vehicles Co., which assembles military and civilian vehicles. AOI also has a history of licensed aircraft production in [[Helwan]], manufacturing the [[Alpha Jet]] and [[K-8E]], and now seeks to replace these with the [[KAI T-50 Golden Eagle]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.military.africa/2024/12/egypt-plans-local-production-of-light-combat-and-trainer-aircraft/ | title=Egypt plans local production of light combat and trainer aircraft | date=December 2024 | access-date=1 March 2025 }}</ref>

Naval defense production is led by the [[Alexandria Shipyard]], which constructs frigates, corvettes, and patrol boats. Through partnerships with [[France]]’s [[Naval Group]], the shipyard produces the [[Gowind-class design|Gowind 2500]] corvettes,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://alexyard.com.eg/gowind/ | title=Gowind | website=Alexandria Shipyard | access-date=2 March 2025 }}</ref> while cooperation with [[Germany]]’s [[ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems]] enables local manufacturing of the [[MEKO 200|MEKO A200]] frigates.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://alexyard.com.eg/asy-overview/ | title=We are Alexandria Shipyard | website=Alexandria Shipyard | access-date=2 March 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://alexyard.com.eg/meko-a200/ | title=MEKO A200 | website=Alexandria Shipyard | access-date=2 March 2025 }}</ref> In the private sector, [[Robotics Engineering Systems]] develops unmanned aerial vehicles, high-precision [[smart munitions]] such as guided missiles and glide bombs,<ref>{{cite news | url=https://english.defensearabia.com/robotics-engineering-system-makes-quantum-leap-in-defense-manufacturing/ | title=Robotics Engineering System Makes Quantum Leap in Defense Manufacturing | date=September 7, 2024 | access-date=March 2, 2025 }}</ref> while [[Amstone]] specializes in fifth-generation technologies focused on naval and aerial unmanned systems.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://english.defensearabia.com/amstone-an-egyptian-pioneer-in-the-defense-industry/ | title=Amstone: An Egyptian Pioneer in the Defense Industry | date=September 7, 2024 | access-date=March 2, 2025 }}</ref>

Egypt is one of the few countries in the [[Middle East]] to possess spy satellites, launching [[EgyptSat 1]] in 2007,<ref>{{cite news |last=Katz |first=Yaacov|url=http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=48099|title=Egypt to launch first spy satellite|newspaper=The Jerusalem Post|date=15 January 2007}}</ref> followed by [[EgyptSat 2]] in 2014.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://spaceflightnow.com/news/n1404/16egyptsat2/ |title=Egyptian reconnaissance satellite launched by Soyuz |author=Stephen Clark |publisher=Spaceflight Now |date=16 April 2014 |access-date=18 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419013018/http://spaceflightnow.com/news/n1404/16egyptsat2/ |archive-date=19 April 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2019, Egypt launched [[EgyptSat-A|MisrSat-A]], an observation satellite,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/egyptsat-a.htm |title=EgyptSat-A |website=Gunter's Space Page |access-date=5 April 2025}}</ref> followed later that year by Tiba-1, a civilian and military communications satellite.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://spaceinafrica.com/2019/11/27/egypt-launches-tiba-1-communications-satellite-on-board-ariane-5-rocket/ |title=Egypt Launches Tiba-1 Communications Satellite on Board Ariane 5 Rocket |website=Space in Africa |date=27 November 2019 |access-date=5 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/tiba-1.htm |title=Tiba-1 |website=Gunter's Space Page |access-date=5 April 2025}}</ref> In 2023, Egypt launched Horus-1 and Horus-2, about a month apart. The country also placed MisrSat-2 into orbit later that year. All three of them are high-resolution observation satellites.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.atalayar.com/en/articulo/new-technologies-innovation/egypt-already-has-its-fourth-spy-satellite-orbit-and-emirates-its-second-astronaut/20230304094404182042.html |title=Egypt already has its fourth spy satellite in orbit, and the Emirates its second astronaut |date=4 March 2023 |publisher=Atalayar |access-date=10 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://spaceinafrica.com/2023/12/04/egypt-launches-misrsat-2/ |title=Egypt Launches MisrSat-2 |date=4 December 2023 |publisher=Space in Africa |access-date=3 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/horus-1.htm |title=Horus-1 |website=Gunter's Space Page |access-date=5 April 2025}}</ref> In 2024, two months after MisrSat-2’s launch, the country successfully completed the initial operational phase of NEXSAT-1, its first experimental Earth observation satellite, achieving milestones such as developing indigenous onboard software, advanced attitude-control systems, and independently capturing and processing satellite imagery, all of which marked a major step forward in Egypt’s national space capabilities.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://spaceinafrica.com/2024/07/31/egypt-marks-milestone-with-its-experimental-satellite-nexsat-1/ |title=Egypt Marks Milestone With Its Experimental Satellite Nexsat-1 |website=Space in Africa |date=31 July 2024 |access-date=5 April 2025}}</ref>