Editing Edema (section)

==Molecular biology==
The excessive [[extracellular fluid]] (interstitial fluid) in edemas is to a substantial degree caused by an increased [[Vascular permeability|permeability]] of the smallest blood vessels ([[Capillary|capillaries]]). This permeability is modulated by numerous biochemical chain reactions and can therefore be unbalanced by many influences.<ref name="pmid33744890">{{cite journal| author=Cai A, Chatziantoniou C, Calmont A| title=Vascular Permeability: Regulation Pathways and Role in Kidney Diseases. | journal=Nephron | year= 2021 | volume= 145 | issue= 3 | pages= 297–310 | pmid=33744890 | doi=10.1159/000514314 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=33744890  }} </ref>

Involved in these processes are, among others, the [[transmembrane protein]]s [[occludin]], [[claudin]]s, [[tight junction protein ZO-1]], [[cadherin]]s, [[catenin]]s and [[actinin]], which are directed by intracellular signal chains, in particular in connection with the [[enzyme]] [[protein kinase C]].<ref name="pmid17554565">{{cite journal| author=Doucet A, Favre G, Deschênes G| title=Molecular mechanism of edema formation in nephrotic syndrome: therapeutic implications. | journal=Pediatr Nephrol | year= 2007 | volume= 22 | issue= 12 | pages= 1983–90 | pmid=17554565 | doi=10.1007/s00467-007-0521-3 | pmc=2064946 }} </ref>