Editing East Pakistan (section)

==Demographics and culture==
[[File:TheDailyIttefaq.png|thumb|''[[The Daily Ittefaq]]'', edited by [[Tofazzal Hossain Manik Miah|Tofazzal Hossain]], was the leading Bengali newspaper in Pakistan.]]
[[File:Flag of Bangladesh (1971).svg|thumb|The first Bangladeshi flag was hoisted on 23 March 1971 across East Pakistan, as a protest on Republic Day.]]
East Pakistan was home to 55% of Pakistan's population. The largest ethnic group of the province were [[Bengalis]], who in turn were the largest ethnic group in [[Pakistan]]. [[Bengali Muslims]] formed the predominant majority, followed by [[Bengali Hindus]], [[Bengali Buddhists]] and [[Bengali Christians]]. East Pakistan also had many tribal groups, including the [[Chakma people|Chakmas]], [[Marma people|Marmas]], [[Tanchangya people|Tangchangyas]], [[Garo people|Garos]], [[Bisnupriya Manipuri people|Manipuris]], [[Tripuri people|Tripuris]], [[Santhal people|Santhals]] and [[Bawm people|Bawms]]. They largely followed the religions of [[Buddhism]], [[Christianity]] and Hinduism. East Pakistan was home to immigrant Muslims from across the [[Indian subcontinent]], including [[West Bengal]], [[Bihar]], [[Sindh]], [[Gujarat]], the [[Northwest Frontier Province]], [[Assam]], [[Orissa Province|Orissa]], the [[Punjab]] and [[Kerala]]. A small [[Armenians in Bangladesh|Armenian]] and [[History of the Jews in Bangladesh|Jewish]] minority resided in East Pakistan.

The [[Asiatic Society of Pakistan]] was founded in [[Old Dhaka|Old Dacca]] by [[Ahmad Hasan Dani]] in 1948. The [[Varendra Research Museum]] in [[Rajshahi]] was an important center of research on the [[Indus Valley civilization]]. The [[Bangla Academy (Bangladesh)|Bangla Academy]] was established in 1954.

Among East Pakistan's newspapers, ''[[The Daily Ittefaq]]'' was the leading Bengali language title; while ''[[Holiday (newspaper)|Holiday]]'' was a leading English title.

At the time of partition, East Bengal had 80 cinemas. The first movie produced in East Pakistan was The Face and the Mask in 1955. [[Pakistan Television]] established its second studio in Dacca after Lahore in 1965. [[Runa Laila]] was Pakistan's first pop star and became popular in India as well. [[Shabnam]] was a leading actress from East Pakistan. [[Feroza Begum (singer)|Feroza Begum]] was a leading exponent of Bengali classical [[Nazrul geeti]]. [[Jasimuddin]] and [[Abbasuddin Ahmed]] promoted Bengali folk music. [[Munier Chowdhury]], [[Syed Mujtaba Ali]], [[Nurul Momen]], [[Sufia Kamal]] and [[Shamsur Rahman (poet)|Shamsur Rahman]] were among the leading literary figures in East Pakistan. Several East Pakistanis were awarded the [[Sitara-e-Imtiaz]] and the [[Pride of Performance]].

===Religion===

{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in Pakistan (1951 Official Census)<ref name="auto">lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/7452/1/1422_1951_POP.pdf</ref>
|label1 = [[Islam]]
|value1 = 85.9
|color1 = Darkgreen
|label2 = [[Hinduism in Pakistan|Hinduism]]
|value2 = 12.9 <!-- 5.7% Hindu (Jati) 7.2% Hindu (scheduled castes) -->
|color2 = DarkOrange
|label3 = [[Christianity in Pakistan|Christianity]]
|value3 = 0.7
|color3 = Dodgerblue
|label4 = Other
|value4 = 0.5
|color4 = Grey
}}

{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in East Pakistan (1951 Census)<ref name="auto"/>
|label1 = [[Islam]]
|value1 = 76.8
|color1 = DarkGreen
|label2 = [[Hinduism]]
|value2 = 22
|color2 = DarkOrange
|label3 = [[Christianity]]
|value3 = 0.3
|color3 = Dodgerblue
|label4 = Others
|value4 = 0.9
|color4 = Grey
}}
As per the 1951 census, East Pakistan had a population of 44,251,826 people, of which 34,029,654 followed [[Islam]], 9,757,527 people followed [[Hinduism]] and 464,644 people followed other religions: [[Buddhism]], [[Christianity]] and [[Animism]].<ref name="bangla">{{Cite web |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Population |title=Population |website=Banglapedia |access-date=10 September 2021 |archive-date=1 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401041939/https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Population |url-status=live }}</ref> According to the 1961 census, Muslims made up 80.4% of the population, Hindus were 18.4%, and the remaining 1.2% belonged to other religions, mainly Christianity and Buddhism.<ref name="D'Costa2011">{{citation|last=D'Costa|first=Bina|title=Nationbuilding, Gender and War Crimes in South Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ivzKjY5LncIC&pg=PA100|pages=100–|year=2011|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-56566-0}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sanaullah |first=M. |date=1962 |title=Second and Third Release from the Second Population Census of Pakistan, 1961 |journal=The Pakistan Development Review |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=106–113 |doi=10.30541/v2i1pp.106-113 |doi-broken-date=1 November 2024 |jstor=41258062 |issn=0030-9729 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

===Ethnic and linguistic discrimination===
Bengalis, Pashtuns, Baloch, Gilgit were hugely under-represented in Pakistan's bureaucracy and military. In the federal government, only 15% of offices were occupied by East Pakistanis. Only 10% of the military were from East Pakistan. Cultural discrimination also prevailed, causing the eastern wing to forge a distinct political identity. The Bengal Buddhist influenced culture was different from the west Pakistani Hindu influenced culture.