Editing Durham, England (section)

===20th century===
Early in the 20th century, coal became depleted, with a particularly important seam worked out in 1927, and in the following [[Great Depression]] Durham was among those towns that suffered exceptionally severe hardship.<ref>Life Magazine 14 December 1936, pp. 40–41</ref> However, the university expanded greatly. [[St John's College, Durham|St John's College]] and [[St Cuthbert's Society, Durham|St Cuthbert's Society]] were founded on the [[The Bailey|Bailey]], completing the series of colleges in that area of the city. From the early 1950s to early 1970s, the university expanded to the south of the city centre. [[Trevelyan College, Durham|Trevelyan]], [[Van Mildert College, Durham|Van Mildert]], [[Collingwood College, Durham|Collingwood]], and [[Grey College, Durham|Grey]] colleges were established, and new buildings for [[St Aidan's College, Durham|St Aidan's]] and [[St Mary's College, Durham|St Mary's]] colleges for women, formerly housed on the Bailey, were created. The final 20th century collegiate addition came from the merger of the independent nineteenth-century colleges of the Venerable Bede and St Hild, which joined the university in 1979 as the [[College of St Hild and St Bede, Durham|College of St Hild and St Bede]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=The Buildings of England: Durham|last1=Pevsner|first1=Nikolaus|last2=Williamson|first2=Elizabeth|publisher=Yale University Press|year=1985|isbn=978-0-300-09599-9|pages=231–249}}</ref> The 1960s and 1970s also saw building on New Elvet. [[Dunelm House]] for the use of the students' union was built first, followed by Elvet Riverside, containing lecture theatres and staff offices. To the southeast of the city centre sports facilities were built at Maiden Castle, adjacent to the [[Maiden Castle, Durham|Iron Age fort of the same name]], and the Mountjoy site was developed, starting in 1924, eventually containing the university library, administrative buildings, and facilities for the Faculty of Science.<ref name=":0" />
[[File:View from the 4th floor of the Calman centre.jpg|thumb|View over the university's Mountjoy site towards the cathedral.]]
Durham was not bombed during [[World War II]], though one raid on the night of 30 May 1942 did give rise to the local legend of 'St Cuthbert's Mist'. This states that the [[Luftwaffe]] attempted to target Durham, but was thwarted when Cuthbert created a mist that covered both the castle and cathedral, sparing them from bombing. The exact events of the night are disputed by contemporary eyewitnesses.<ref name=":1" /> The event continues to be referenced within the city, including inspiring the artwork 'Fogscape #03238' at Durham Lumiere 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lumiere-festival.com/archive/fogscape-03238/|title=Fogscape #03238|access-date=3 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170111005124/http://www.lumiere-festival.com/archive/fogscape-03238/|archive-date=11 January 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>

'Durham Castle and Cathedral' was named a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]] in 1986. Among the reasons given for the decision were 'Durham Cathedral [being] the largest and most perfect monument of "Norman" style architecture in England', and the cathedral's vaulting being an early and experimental model of the [[Gothic architecture|gothic style]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/370/documents/|title=Durham Castle and Cathedral|last=Centre|first=UNESCO World Heritage|website=whc.unesco.org|language=en|access-date=3 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160622211926/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/370/documents/|archive-date=22 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Other important UNESCO sites near Durham include [[Auckland Castle]], [[North of England Lead Mining Museum]] and [[Beamish Museum]].
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://blog.radissonblu.com/top-5-heritage-attractions-around-durham/amp/|title=Top 5 Heritage Attractions in and around Durham|access-date=31 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031151331/https://blog.radissonblu.com/top-5-heritage-attractions-around-durham/amp/|archive-date=31 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>