Editing Drum machine (section)

=== Digital sampling ===
[[File:Linn LM-1 Drum Computer.jpg|thumb|left|[[Linn LM-1]] (1980)]]

The [[Linn LM-1]] Drum Computer, released in 1980 at $4,995 ({{Inflation|US|4995|1980|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), was the first drum machine to use digital samples. It also featured rhythmic concepts such as swing factors, shuffle, accent, and real-time programming.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Colbeck|first1=Julian|title=Linn Electronics LinnDrum|url=http://bi.galegroup.com.ezproxy2.library.arizona.edu/essentials/article/GALE%7CA72765041?u=uarizona_main|website=Business Insights: Essentials|publisher=Electronic Musician|access-date=7 February 2017}}</ref> Only about 500 were ever made, but its effect on the music industry was extensive. Its distinctive sound almost defines 1980s pop, and it can be heard on hundreds of hit records from the era, including [[The Human League]]'s ''[[Dare (album)|Dare]]'', [[Gary Numan]]'s ''[[Dance (Gary Numan album)|Dance]]'', [[Devo]]'s ''[[New Traditionalists]]'', and [[Ric Ocasek]]'s ''[[Beatitude (album)|Beatitude]]''. [[Prince (musician)|Prince]] bought one of the first LM-1s and used it on nearly all of his most popular albums, including ''[[1999 (Prince album)|1999]]'' and ''[[Purple Rain (album)|Purple Rain]]''.

Many of the drum sounds on the LM-1 were composed of two chips that were triggered at the same time, and each voice was individually tunable with individual outputs. Due to memory limitations, a [[crash cymbal]] sound was not available except as an expensive third-party modification. A cheaper version of the LM-1 was released in 1982 called the [[LinnDrum]]. Priced at $2,995 ({{Inflation|US|2995|1982|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), not all of its voices were tunable, but crash cymbal was included as a standard sound. Like its predecessor the LM-1, it featured swappable sound chips. The LinnDrum can be heard on records such as [[The Cars]]' ''Heartbeat City'' and [[Giorgio Moroder]]'s soundtrack for the film ''[[Scarface (1983 film)|Scarface]]''.

It was feared the LM-1 would put every session drummer in Los Angeles out of work and it caused many of L.A.'s top session drummers ([[Jeff Porcaro]] is one example) to purchase their own drum machines and learn to program them themselves in order to stay employed. Linn even marketed the LinnDrum specifically to drummers.<ref>{{cite web
 |title   = Why Drummers Prefer LinnDrum to Other Drum Machines
 |url     = http://www.ericwrobbel.com/art/linnwhydrummers.htm
 |date    = 1984
 |publisher=Modern Drummer Magazine
}}</ref>

{{multiple image
| align             = right
| direction         = horizontal
| image1            = Oberheim DMX.jpg
| width1            = 231
| caption1          = [[Oberheim DMX]] (1981)
| image2            = SCI model 400 drumtraks.jpg
| width2            = 209
| caption2          = [[Drumtraks|SCI Drumtraks]] (1984)
}}

Following the success of the LM-1, [[Oberheim]] introduced the [[Oberheim DMX|DMX]], which also featured digitally sampled sounds and a "swing" feature similar to the one found on the Linn machines. It became very popular in its own right, becoming a staple of the nascent hip-hop scene.

Other manufacturers soon began to produce machines, e.g. the [[Sequential Circuits]] [[Drumtraks]] and Tom, the [[E-mu Drumulator]] and the [[Yamaha RX-11|Yamaha RX11]].

In 1986, the [[SpecDrum]] by [[Cheetah Marketing]], an inexpensive 8-bit sampling drum external module for the [[ZX Spectrum]],<ref>{{cite web
 |author    = Ryan Block
 |date      = 28 October 2005
 |title     = Music Thing: The ZX Spectrum SpecDrum module
 |url       = https://www.engadget.com/2005/10/28/music-thing-the-zx-spectrum-specdrum-module/
 |work      = engadget.com
}}</ref> was introduced, with a price less than £30, when similar models cost around £250.<ref>
{{cite web
 |author1   = P Henning
 |author2   = A Pateman
 |title     = Specdrum
 |url       = http://www.crashonline.org.uk/27/specdrum.htm
 |work      = Crash Magazine
}}</ref>