Editing Discrimination (section)

===Nationality===
{{further|Discrimination based on nationality}}
The Anti-discrimination laws of most countries allow and make exceptions for discrimination based on nationality and immigration status.<ref name="Fennelly">{{Cite journal |last1=Fennelly |first1=David |title=Racial Discrimination and Nationality and Migration Exceptions: Reconciling CERD and the Race Equality Directive |last2=Murphy |first2=Clíodhna |date=2021 |journal=Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights |volume=39 |pages=308–328 |doi=10.1177/09240519211055648 |issue=4|s2cid=243839359 |doi-access=free }}</ref> The [[International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination]] (CERD) does not prohibit discrimination by nationality, citizenship or naturalization but forbids discrimination "against any particular nationality".<ref>[https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/international-convention-elimination-all-forms-racial International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination]</ref>

Discrimination on the basis of [[nationality]] is usually included in [[Employment discrimination|employment laws]]<ref>[http://dwd.wisconsin.gov/er/discrimination_civil_rights/publication_erd_14009_pweb.htm Race, Color, National Origin and Ancestry], State of Wisconsin {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024061935/http://dwd.wisconsin.gov/er/discrimination_civil_rights/publication_erd_14009_pweb.htm |date=October 24, 2012 }}</ref> (see above [[#Employment|section for employment discrimination]] specifically). It is sometimes referred to as bound together with racial discrimination<ref>{{cite web|title=Race and National Origin Discrimination|url=https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/frontpage/faq/race-origin.html|website=Office for Civil Rights|publisher=U.S. Department of Education|access-date=December 16, 2017}}</ref> although it can be separate. It may vary from laws that stop refusals of hiring based on nationality, asking questions regarding origin, to prohibitions of firing, forced retirement, compensation and pay, etc., based on nationality.

Discrimination on the basis of nationality may show as a "level of acceptance" in a sport or work team regarding new team members and employees who differ from the nationality of the majority of team members.<ref>Christiane Schwieren, [http://sgr.sagepub.com/content/39/6/643.abstract Mechanisms Underlying Nationality-Based Discrimination in Teams. A Quasi-Experiment Testing Predictions From Social Psychology and Microeconomics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151231234833/http://sgr.sagepub.com/content/39/6/643.abstract |date=2015-12-31 }}, Maastricht University</ref>

In the [[Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf|GCC]] states, in the workplace, preferential treatment is given to full citizens, even though many of them lack experience or motivation to do the job. State benefits are also generally available for citizens only.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/comment/emiratisation-wont-work-if-people-dont-want-to-learn|title=Emiratisation won't work if people don't want to learn|author=Ayesha Almazroui|access-date=April 26, 2016 |archive-date=April 26, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160426083228/http://www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/comment/emiratisation-wont-work-if-people-dont-want-to-learn |url-status=dead |date=March 18, 2013 }}</ref> Westerners might also get paid more than other expatriates.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenational.ae/uae/western-workers-favoured-in-uae-survey-respondents-say-1.21895|title='Western workers favoured in UAE', survey respondents say|website=The National|date=April 18, 2015|language=en|access-date=2019-07-08}}</ref>