Editing Diego Velázquez (section)

==Legacy==
Velázquez was not prolific; he is estimated to have produced between 110 and 120 known canvases.<ref name="vogel">{{Cite news|last=Vogel|first=Carol|title=An Old Spanish Master Emerges From Grime|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=10 September 2009|access-date=11 September 2009|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/10/arts/design/10velazquez.html|quote=''Jonathan Brown, this country's leading Velázquez expert ... "Velázquez was a painter who measured out his genius in thimblefuls." His output was so small that, depending on who's counting, Mr. Brown estimates, there are only 110 to 120 known canvases by the artist.''}}</ref> He produced no etchings or engravings, and only a few drawings are attributed to him.<ref>Harris 1982,  p. 178.</ref>

Velázquez is the most influential figure in the history of Spanish portraiture.<ref name="Portus_57">Portús 2004, p. 57.</ref> Although he had few immediate followers, Spanish court painters such as his son-in-law [[Juan Bautista Martinez del Mazo]] and [[Juan Carreño de Miranda]] took inspiration from his work.<ref name="Portus_57"/> Mazo closely mimicked his style and many paintings and copies by Mazo were formerly attributed to Velázquez.<ref name="Harris 1982, p. 183">Harris 1982, p. 183.</ref> Velázquez's reputation languished in the eighteenth century, when Spanish court portraiture was dominated by artists of foreign birth and training. Towards the end of the century, his importance was increasingly recognized by intellectuals close to the Spanish court—an essay published In 1781 by [[Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos]] said of Velázquez that "when he died, the glory of Painting in Spain died with him."<ref>Portús 2004, p. 200.</ref> In 1778, [[Francisco Goya|Goya]] made a set of etchings after paintings by Velázquez, as part of a project by the [[José Moñino, 1st Count of Floridablanca|Count of Floridablanca]] to produce prints of paintings in the Royal Collection.<ref>Portús 2004, p. 201.</ref> Goya's free copies reveal a searching engagement with the older master's work, which remained a model for Goya for the rest of his career.<ref>Portús 2004, pp. 204–207.</ref>

Velázquez's work was little known outside of Spain until the nineteenth century.<ref name="Harris 1982, p. 183"/> His paintings mostly escaped being stolen by the French marshals during the [[Peninsular War]]. In 1828, Sir [[David Wilkie (artist)|David Wilkie]] wrote from Madrid that he felt himself in the presence of a new power in art as he looked at the works of Velázquez, and at the same time found a wonderful affinity between this artist and the British school of portrait painters, especially [[Henry Raeburn]]. He was struck by the "sparkle and vivacity" pervading Velázquez's works.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gower |first=Ronald Sutherland |url=http://archive.org/details/sirdavidwilkie00goweiala |title=Sir David Wilkie |date=1902 |publisher=London: G. Bell and sons |others=University of California Libraries |pages=64–65 |language=En}}</ref>

Velázquez is often cited as a key influence on the art of [[Édouard Manet]], who is often considered the bridge between realism and [[impressionism]]. Calling Velázquez the "painter of painters",<ref name="Carr_2006_p79"/> Manet admired the immediacy and vivid brushwork of Velázquez's work, and built upon Velázquez's motifs in his own art.<ref>Schjeldahl, Peter (10 November 2002). [https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2002/11/18/the-spanish-lesson "The Spanish Lesson: Manet's gift from Velázquez"]. ''The New Yorker''. Retrieved 25 May 2019.</ref> In the late nineteenth century, artists such as [[James McNeill Whistler]] and [[John Singer Sargent]] were strongly influenced by Velázquez.<ref name="Sánchez_Grove"/>

===Modern recreations of classics===
The respect with which twentieth century painters regard Velázquez's work attests to its continuing importance. Pablo Picasso paid homage to Velázquez in 1957 when he recreated {{Lang|es|Las Meninas}} in 44 variations, in his characteristic style.<ref>Harris 1982,  p. 177.</ref> Although Picasso was concerned that his reinterpretations of Velázquez's painting would be seen merely as copies rather than as unique representations,{{citation needed|date=September 2023}} the enormous works—the largest he had produced since ''[[Guernica (Picasso)|Guernica]]'' (1937)—entered the canon of Spanish art.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Las Meninas, 1957 by Pablo Picasso |url=https://www.pablopicasso.org/las-meninas.jsp |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=www.pablopicasso.org}}</ref>

[[Salvador Dalí]], as with Picasso, in anticipation of the tercentennial of Velázquez's death, created in 1958 a work entitled'' [[Velázquez Painting the Infanta Margarita With the Lights and Shadows of His Own Glory]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Velázquez Painting the Infanta Marguerita with the Lights and Shadows of His Own Glory |url=https://archive.thedali.org/mwebcgi/mweb.exe?request=record;id=1670;type=101 |access-date=28 August 2023 |website=archive.thedali.org}}</ref> The color scheme shows Dalí's serious tribute to Velázquez; the work also functioned, as in Picasso's case, as a vehicle for the presentation of newer theories in art and thought—nuclear mysticism, in Dalí's case.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Velázquez Painting the Infanta Marguerita with the Lights and Shadows of His Own Glory |url=https://archive.thedali.org/mwebcgi/mweb.exe?request=record;id=1670;type=101 |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=archive.thedali.org}}</ref>

The Anglo-Irish painter [[Francis Bacon (artist)|Francis Bacon]] found Velázquez's ''[[Portrait of Innocent X]]'' to be "one of the greatest portraits ever".<ref>Arya, Rina (2009). "Painting the Pope: An Analysis of Francis Bacon's ''Study After Velázquez's Portrait of Innocent X''". ''Literature and Theology'', '''23''' (1), 33–50.</ref> He created several [[expressionism|expressionist]] variations of this piece in the 1950s; however, Bacon's paintings sometimes presented a more gruesome image of Innocent. One such famous variation, entitled ''[[Figure with Meat]]'' (1954), shows the pope between two halves of a bisected cow.<ref>{{Citation |last=Bacon |first=Francis |title=Figure with Meat |date=1954 |url=https://www.artic.edu/artworks/4884/figure-with-meat |access-date=28 August 2023}}</ref>

Some South American artists also paid tribute to him such as [[Fernando Botero]] with his portraits of oversized characters extracted from some of Vélasquez paintings<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Fernando Botero and His Remakes of Classic Masterpieces |date=2023-04-19 |magazine=Daily Art Magazine}}</ref> and [[Herman Braun-Vega]] with his series ''Velasquez stripped bare accompanied by the Menines'' from which the main polyptych is exhibited at the [[Museum of Antioquia]] in [[Medellín]], Colombia<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gutíerrez |first=Nydia |date=2014-02-26 |title=Guía #74: 68, 70, 72. Bienales de Arte Coltejer |url=https://issuu.com/museodeantioquia/docs/guia_coleccionable_en_curvas |access-date=2025-03-29 |website=Issuu |publisher=Museo de Antioquia |pages=7-8 |language=es |format=PDF |publication-place=Medellín, Colombie |publication-date=2014-02-26}}</ref> and the quadriptych ''Velasquez going to his easel'' is at the [[Blanton Museum of Art]] in Austin, Texas.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://blanton.emuseum.com/objects/14098/velazquez-yendo-a-su-caballete-de-la-serie-velaquez-mis-a-n |title=Velásquez Going to His Easel (From the series Veláquez Stripped Bare)}}</ref>

===Recent rediscoveries of Velázquez originals===
In 2009, the ''[[Portrait of a Man (Velázquez)|Portrait of a Man]]'' in the collection of the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], which had long been associated with the followers of Velázquez' style of painting, was cleaned and restored. It was found to be by Velázquez himself, and the features of the man match those of a figure in the painting "the Surrender of Breda". The newly cleaned canvas may therefore be a study for that painting. Although the attribution to Velázquez is regarded as certain, the identity of the sitter is still open to question. Some art historians consider this new study to be a self-portrait by Velázquez.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.metmuseum.org/Special/se_event.asp?OccurrenceId=%7B97C73240-8088-439F-890E-CAD28F8ACE41%7D |title=Velázquez Rediscovered &#124; Past Exhibitions &#124; the Metropolitan Museum of Art |access-date=12 April 2010 |archive-date=9 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100709105210/http://www.metmuseum.org/special/se_event.asp?OccurrenceId=%7B97C73240-8088-439F-890E-CAD28F8ACE41%7D |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In 2010, it was reported that a damaged painting long relegated to a basement of the [[Yale University Art Gallery]] might be an early work by Velázquez. Thought to have been given to Yale in 1925, the painting has previously been attributed to the 17th century Spanish school. Some scholars are prepared to attribute the painting to Velázquez, although the [[Prado Museum]] in Madrid is reserving judgment. The work, which depicts the Virgin Mary being taught to read, will be restored by conservators at Yale.<ref>{{cite news |last=Tremlett |first=Giles |title=Yale basement yields Spanish treasure – a possible Velázquez masterpiece |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2010/jul/01/velazquez-masterpiece-found-yale-basement |date=1 July 2010 |work=The Guardian |location=UK |access-date=22 December 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/yale-uncovers-velazquez-in-basement-storage-1.938470 |title=Yale uncovers Velazquez in basement storage |publisher=CBC News |date=3 July 2010 |access-date=22 December 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706010545/http://www.cbc.ca/arts/artdesign/story/2010/07/03/yale-velazquez.html |archive-date=6 July 2010}}</ref>

In October 2011, it was confirmed by art historian Dr. Peter Cherry of Trinity College Dublin through X-ray analysis that a portrait found in the UK in the former collection of the 19th century painter [[Matthew Shepperson]] is a previously unknown work by Velázquez. The portrait is of an unidentified man in his fifties or sixties, who could possibly be Juan Mateos, the Master of the Hunt for Velázquez's patron, [[King Philip&nbsp;IV of Spain]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Jury |first=Louise |title=Portrait in hoard sent to auction revealed to be £3million Velázquez |url=http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-24002861-portrait-in-hoard-sent-to-auction-revealed-to-be-pound-3million-velzquez.do |url-status=dead |work=London Evening Standard |date=27 October 2011 |access-date=27 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111029213704/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-24002861-portrait-in-hoard-sent-to-auction-revealed-to-be-pound-3million-velzquez.do |archive-date=29 October 2011}}</ref> The painting measures 47 x 39&nbsp;cm and was sold at auction on 7 December 2011, for £3,000,000.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rediscovered Velazquez painting sold for £3m at auction |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-oxfordshire-16065909 |publisher=BBC News |date=7 December 2011 |access-date=29 September 2012}}</ref>

===Descendants===
Velázquez, through his daughter Francisca de Silva Velázquez y Pacheco (1619–1658), is an ancestor of the Marquesses of Monteleone, including Enriquetta (Henrietta) Casado de Monteleone (1725–1761) who in 1746 married Heinrich VI, Count [[Reuss Younger Line|Reuss zu Köstritz]] (1707–1783). Through them are descended a number of European royalty, among them [[King Felipe VI of Spain]] through his mother [[Sophia of Greece and Denmark]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://europeandynasties.com/relationship_between_queen_sofia_of_spain_and_velazquez.htm |title=Relationship between Queen Sofia of Spain and Velazquez |publisher=Europeandynasties.com |access-date=22 December 2010}}</ref> King [[Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands]], King [[Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden]], King [[Albert II of Belgium]], [[Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein]], and [[Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://worldroots.com/brigitte/famous/v/velasquez.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=19 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516081331/http://worldroots.com/brigitte/famous/v/velasquez.htm |archive-date=16 May 2008}}</ref>