Editing Demographics of Estonia (section)

== Immigration ==
As the cumulative negative natural growth was about 82,000 during 1991–2010, the remainder of the population decline of Estonia since 1990 (230,000 people in total) was caused by emigration (150,000 people or about 10% of the population of Estonia in 1990). Mainly ethnic [[Russians]], [[Ukrainians]] and [[Belarusians]] emigrated. Consequently, the proportion of these ethnic groups decreased as can be seen in the results of the 2000 census (see below). Data from 2000 to 2009 also shows that the number of emigrants is larger than the number of immigrants, but on a much lower lever than in the 1990s.<ref name="Migration"/>

===Estonia migration data, 2014-present===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"
! Year !! Immigration !! Emigration !! Net Migration
|-
| 2014 || 3,904 || 4,637 || -733
|-
| 2015 || 15,413 || 13,003 || 2,410
|-
| 2016 || 14,822 || 13,792 || 1,030
|-
| 2017 || 17,616 || 12,358 || 5,258
|-
| 2018 || 17,547 || 10,476 || 7,071
|-
| 2019 || 18,172 || 12,801 || 5,371
|-
| 2020 || 16,209 || 12,427 || 3,782
|-
| 2021 || 19,524 || 12,481 || 7,043
|-
| 2022 || 49,414 || 9,657 || 39,757
|-
| 2023 || 26,399 || 12,543 || 13,856
|-
| 2024 || 13,826 || 13,278 || 548
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="text-align:right"
|+ Foreign-born population by census in 2000, 2011 and 2021
! rowspan="2" | Country of birth
! colspan="2" | 2000<ref name="datast8">{{cite web |date=2022-06-01 |title=Population by Country of Birth. Statistics Estonia; |url=https://andmed.stat.ee/en/stat/rahvaloendus__rel_vordlus__pelisus-ja-ranne/RLV501 |access-date=2022-11-22 |website=Population and housing censuses: comparative data; form RLV501}}</ref>
! colspan="2" | 2011<ref name="datast8"/>
! colspan="2" |2021<ref name="datast8" />
|-
! Number !! %
! Number !! %
! Number !! %
|-
|{{flag|Russia}}
|184,795 || {{percentage bar|width=50|13.49}}
|134,948 || {{percentage bar|width=50|10.43}}
|110,161 || {{percentage bar|width=50|8.27}}
|-
|{{flag|Ukraine}}
|25,185 || {{percentage bar|width=50|1.84}}
|21,156 || {{percentage bar|width=50|1.63}}
|28,621 || {{percentage bar|width=50|2.15}}
|-
|{{flag|Belarus}}
|14,883 || {{percentage bar|width=50|1.09}}
|11,593 || {{percentage bar|width=50|0.90}}
|10,326 || {{percentage bar|width=50|0.77}}
|-
|{{flag|Latvia}}
|4,326 || {{percentage bar|width=50|0.32}}
|3,859 || {{percentage bar|width=50|0.30}}
|6,375 || {{percentage bar|width=50|0.48}}
|-
|{{flag|Finland}}
|1,381 || {{percentage bar|width=50|0.10}}
|2,173 || {{percentage bar|width=50|0.17 }}
|6,130 || {{percentage bar|width=50|0.46}}
|-
|{{flag|Kazakhstan}}
|3,841 || {{percentage bar|width=50|0.28}}
|3,710 || {{percentage bar|width=50|0.29}}
|3,802 || {{percentage bar|width=50|0.29}}
|-
|{{flag|Germany}}
|978 || {{percentage bar|width=50|0.07}}
|1,240 || {{percentage bar|width=50|0.09}}
|2,536 || {{percentage bar|width=50|0.19}}
|-
|{{flag|Lithuania}}
|2,101 || {{percentage bar|width=50|0.15}}
|1,816 || {{percentage bar|width=50|0.14}}
|2,014 || {{percentage bar|width=50|0.15}}
|-
|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}
|1,449 || {{percentage bar|width=50|0.10}}
|1,450 || {{percentage bar|width=50|0.11}}
|1,828 || {{percentage bar|width=50|0.14}}
|-
|{{flag|Georgia}}
|1,586 || {{percentage bar|width=50|0.12}}
|1,449 || {{percentage bar|width=50|0.11}}
|1,794 || {{percentage bar|width=50|0.13}}
|-
|Other countries
|16,497 || {{percentage bar|width=50|1.20}}
|8,969 || {{percentage bar|width=50|0.69}}
|27,678 || {{percentage bar|width=50|2.08}}
|-
|Foreign-born total
|257,022 || {{percentage bar|width=50|18.76}}
|192,363 || {{percentage bar|width=50|14.86}}
|201,265 || {{percentage bar|width=50|15.11}}
|-
|{{flag|Estonia}}
|1,113,030 || {{percentage bar|width=50|81.24}}
|1,102,092 || {{percentage bar|width=50|85.14}}
|1,130,559 || {{percentage bar|width=50|84.89}}
|-
|Population total
|1,370,052 || {{percentage bar|width=50|100}}
|1,294,455 || {{percentage bar|width=50|100}}
|1,331,824 || {{percentage bar|width=50|100}}
|}
There were a total of 201,265 foreign-born people in Estonia at 31 December 2021, representing 15% of the population. 55% of them were born in Russia, and a total of 82% in a [[Post-Soviet states|Post-Soviet countries]].

In 2022, according to the data on registered migration (from the Population Register), 49,414 persons immigrated to Estonia and 9,657 persons emigrated from Estonia. Net migration was positive, 39,757 persons more staying than leaving Estonia. Both registered immigration and net migration were several times bigger than the average of recent years, due to the arrival of [[2022–2023 Ukrainian refugee crisis|war refugees from Ukraine]]. Based on citizenship, the largest number of immigrants settling in Estonia had Ukrainian citizenship (33,217).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |others=Preliminary data of population as of 1.1.2023 |title=The population of Estonia grew by 2%: immigration was the main contributor as births were at a record low {{!}} Statistikaamet |url=https://www.stat.ee/en/news/population-estonia-grew-2-immigration-was-main-contributor-births-were-record-low |access-date=2023-01-18 |website=www.stat.ee |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1" />

In 2021, the population of Estonia decreased by 5,315 persons due to negative natural increase and increased by 7,043 persons as a result of positive net migration – 19,524 persons immigrated to Estonia and 12,481 persons emigrated from Estonia (In 2020: 16,209 persons immigrated and 12,427 persons emigrated). The destination countries for migration were Finland, Ukraine and Russia in both directions.<ref name="final21" />