Editing Cranberry (section)

=== Insect Pests ===
Probably due to the high phenolics and plant defenses, in addition to the harsh environments that cranberries are grown under (acid, sandy soils that get flooded every year), a majority of insect [[Pest (organism)|pests]] associated with cranberries are native to the cranberry's home range of North America. The top studied insect pests of cranberries include:<ref name="yah" />
*''[[Sparganothis sulfureana]]'' (Sparganothis fruitworm), a [[Tortricidae|leafrolling moth]] 
*''[[Acrobasis vaccinii]]'' (cranberry fruitworm), a [[snout moth]] 
*''[[Rhopobota naevana]]'' (blackheaded fireworm), a [[Tortricidae|leafrolling moth]] 
*''[[Choristoneura parallela]]'' (spotted fireworm), a [[Tortricidae|leafrolling moth]] 
All four of these top studied insect pests are direct pests, eating the berries.

Other well studied cranberry pests include:
*''[[Limotettix]] vaccinii'' (blunt-nosed leafhopper), a [[leafhopper]]
*''[[Lymantria dispar]]'' (spongy moth), an invasive [[Erebidae|moth]]
*''[[Dasineura]] oxycoccana'' (cranberry tipworm), a [[Cecidomyiidae|gall-forming midge]]
*''[[Chrysoteuchia topiarius]]'' (cranberry girdler), a [[Crambidae|snout moth]]
*''[[Anthonomus musculus]]'' (cranberry weevil), a [[Curculionidae|weevil]]
*''[[Systena frontalis]]'' (red-headed flea beetle), a [[Chrysomelidae|flea beetle]]
*''[[Otiorhynchus sulcatus]]'' (black vine weevil), an invasive [[Curculionidae|weevil]]
*''[[Anomala orientalis]]'' (oriental beetle), an invasive [[scarab beetle]]

As more and more pesticides become banned due to environmental concern, there are increased resurgences of secondary pests.<ref name="yah" />