Editing Covent Garden (section)

===Covent Garden market===

[[File:Nebot covent garden market clean.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|[[Balthazar Nebot]]'s 1737 painting of the square before the 1830 market hall was constructed<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tate.org.uk/britain/exhibitions/hogarth/rooms/room5.shtm |title=Room Guide – Room 5: Street Life |publisher=Tate Britain |access-date=28 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110209045218/http://www.tate.org.uk/britain/exhibitions/hogarth/rooms/room5.shtm |archive-date=9 February 2011}}</ref>]]

The first record of a "new market in Covent Garden" is in 1654 when market traders set up stalls against the garden wall of Bedford House.<ref name=market>{{cite book |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=46106 |title=Survey of London: volume 36: Covent Garden |author=F. H. W. Sheppard |year=1970 |pages=129–150 |publisher=Institute of Historical Research |access-date=27 July 2010 |archive-date=5 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805131619/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=46106 |url-status=live}}</ref> The Earl of Bedford acquired a private charter from [[Charles II of England|Charles II]] in 1670 for a fruit and vegetable market, permitting him and his heirs to hold a market every day except Sundays and Christmas Day.<ref>{{cite book |author-link2=Peter Ackroyd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ktSeoUGe_mgC&q=Covent+Garden:+The+Fruit,+Vegetable+and+Flower+Markets |title=Covent Garden: The Fruit, Vegetable and Flower Markets |page=7 |publisher=Frances Lincoln Publishers |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-7112-2860-3 |author1=Clive Boursnell |author2=Peter Ackroyd |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705101556/http://books.google.com/books?id=ktSeoUGe_mgC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Covent+Garden%3A+The+Fruit%2C+Vegetable+and+Flower+Markets |archive-date=5 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Robert Thorne |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ezBNAAAAYAAJ&q=1670 |title=Covent Garden Market: Its History and Restoration |page=9 |publisher=Architectural Press |year=1980 |isbn=0-85139-098-6 |access-date=25 October 2020 |archive-date=3 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103175500/https://books.google.com/books?id=ezBNAAAAYAAJ&q=1670 |url-status=live}}</ref> The original market, consisting of wooden stalls and sheds, became disorganised and disorderly, and [[John Russell, 6th Duke of Bedford]], requested an act of Parliament{{which|date=January 2024}} in 1813 to regulate it, then commissioned Charles Fowler in 1830 to design the neo-classical market building that is the heart of Covent Garden today.<ref name=SocialHistory/> The "greater part of the pillars" were built from granite quarried from Cairngall in today's [[Aberdeenshire]].<ref name="McKean">{{cite book |last1=McKean |first1=Charles |title=Banff & Buchan: An Illustrated Architectural Guide |date=1990 |publisher=Mainstream Publications Ltd. |isbn=185158-231-2 |page=163}}</ref> The contractor was [[William Cubitt (politician)|William Cubitt and Company]].<ref name=market/> Further buildings were added—the Floral hall, Charter Market, and in 1904 the Jubilee Market for foreign flowers was built by Cubitt and Howard.<ref>{{cite book |title=[[The London Encyclopaedia]] |pages=214–215 |publisher=Pan Macmillan |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-4050-4924-5 |author1=Christopher Hibbert |author2=Ben Weinreb |author-link1=Christopher Hibbert |author-link2 = Ben Weinreb}}</ref>

[[File:Old-Covent-Garden-Market,-1825.jpg |upright=1.35|thumb|[[George Johann Scharf]]'s illustration of the market before Fowler's hall was built in 1830]]

By the end of the 1960s, traffic congestion was causing problems for the market, which required increasingly large lorries for deliveries and distribution. The redevelopment was considered, but protests from the Covent Garden Community Association in 1973 prompted the Home Secretary, [[Robert Carr]], to give dozens of buildings around the square listed-building status, preventing redevelopment.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/English/Collections/OnlineResources/X20L/Themes/1337/1120/ |title=Covent Garden |publisher=Museum of London |access-date=2 May 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516013026/http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/English/Collections/OnlineResources/X20L/Themes/1337/1120/ |archive-date=16 May 2008}}</ref> The following year the market relocated to its new site, New Covent Garden Market, about three miles (5&nbsp;km) south-west at [[Nine Elms]]. The central building re-opened as a shopping centre in 1980, with cafes, pubs, small shops and a craft market called the Apple Market.<ref>{{cite book |page=214 |title=[[The London Encyclopaedia]] |publisher=Pan Macmillan |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-4050-4924-5 |author1=Christopher Hibbert |author2=Ben Weinreb |author-link1= Christopher Hibbert |author-link2 = Ben Weinreb}}</ref> Among the first shops to relocate here was [[Benjamin Pollock's Toy Shop]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About us |url=https://www.pollocks-coventgarden.co.uk/about-us/ |access-date=2021-01-03 |website=Benjamin Pollock's Toyshop |language=en-GB}}</ref> Another market, the Jubilee Market, is held in the Jubilee Hall on the south side of the square.<ref>{{cite book |author=Suzy Gershman |author-link=Suzy Gershman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ICxQVu9WxQC&pg=PA238 |title=Suzy Gershman's Born to Shop London: The Ultimate Guide for People Who Love to Shop |publisher=Frommer's |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-470-14665-1 |page=238 |access-date=25 October 2015 |archive-date=29 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729181449/https://books.google.com/books?id=9ICxQVu9WxQC&pg=PA238 |url-status=live}}</ref> The market halls and several other buildings in Covent Garden have been owned by the property company [[Capital & Counties Properties]] (CapCo) since 2006.<ref name="propertyweek"/> In 1980 the [[London Transport Museum]] opened in part of the old flower market buildings, and these were refurbished in around 2005 to re-open in 2007.<ref name=ltmbh>{{cite web|url=http://www.ltmuseum.co.uk/aboutus/135.aspx|title=Brief history of the Museum|publisher=London Transport Museum|access-date=2007-12-10|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071211224032/http://www.ltmuseum.co.uk/aboutus/135.aspx|archive-date=11 December 2007|df=dmy-all}}</ref>