Editing Consumerism (section)

===Consumerism as cultural ideology===
In the 21st century's globalized economy, consumerism has become a noticeable part of the culture.<ref>{{Cite journal | year=2012 | last1= James | first1= Paul | last2= Scerri | first2= Andy | author-link1= Paul James (academic) | title= Globalizing Consumption and the Deferral of a Politics of Consequence | url= https://www.academia.edu/3230921 | journal= Globalizations | volume= 9 | issue= 2 | pages= 225–240| doi= 10.1080/14747731.2012.658249 | bibcode= 2012Glob....9..225J | s2cid= 67761604 }}</ref> Critics of this phenomenon have not only raised concerns about its environmental sustainability, but also its cultural implications. However, a number of scholars have explored the relationship between environmentalism and consumerism within the context of a market economy society.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Panizzut |first1=Nina |last2=Rafi-ul-Shan |first2=Piyya Muhammad |last3=Amar |first3=Hassan |last4=Sher |first4=Farooq |last5=Mazhar |first5=Muhammad Usman |last6=Klemeš |first6=Jiří Jaromír |title=Exploring relationship between environmentalism and consumerism in a market economy society: A structured systematic literature review |journal=Cleaner Engineering and Technology |date=2021 |volume=2 |page=100047 |doi=10.1016/j.clet.2021.100047 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2021CEngT...200047P }}</ref>

Discussions of the environmental implications of consumerist ideologies in works by economists James Gustave Speth<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bridgeatedgeofwo00spet|title=The bridge at the edge of the world : capitalism, the environment, and crossing from crisis to sustainability|last=Speth|first=James Gustave|date=2008|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=9780300136111|location=New Haven|oclc=177820867}}</ref> and [[Naomi Klein]],<ref>{{Cite book|title=This changes everything : capitalism vs. the climate|last=Klein|first=Naomi|isbn=9781451697384|edition= First Simon & Schuster trade paperback |location=New York|oclc=894746822|date =  2014}}</ref> and consumer cultural historian Gary Cross.<ref>{{Cite book|title=An all-consuming century : why commercialism won in modern America|last=Cross|first=Gary S.|date=2000|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=0231502532|location=New York|oclc=50817376}}</ref> Leslie Sklair proposes the criticism through the idea of culture-ideology of consumerism in his works. He says that,

{{quote|First, capitalism entered a qualitatively new globalizing phase in the 1950s. As the electronic revolution got underway, significant changes began to occur in the productivity of capitalist factories, systems of extraction, processing of raw materials, product design, marketing and distribution of goods and services. [...] Second, the technical and social relations that structured the mass media all over the world made it very easy for new consumerist lifestyles to become the dominant motif for these media, which became in time extraordinarily efficient vehicles for the broadcasting of the culture-ideology of consumerism globally.<ref>Sklair, L. 2012. Culture-Ideology of Consumerism. The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Globalization</ref>}}

Today, people are universally and continuously being exposed to mass consumerism and [[product placement]] in the media or even in their daily lives. The line between information, entertainment, and promotion of products has been blurred, thus explaining how people have become more reformulated into consumerist behaviours.<ref name="Leslie Sklair 2002">Leslie Sklair, from Chapter 5 of Globalization: Capitalism and Its Alternatives, 3rd ed., Oxford University Press, 2002. Reprinted with permission of Oxford University Press</ref> Shopping centers are a representative example of a place where people are explicitly exposed to an environment that welcomes and encourages consumption. 

For example, in 1993, Goss wrote that the shopping center designers "strive to present an alternative rationale for the shopping center's existence, manipulate shoppers' behavior through the configuration of space, and consciously design a symbolic landscape that provokes associative moods and dispositions in the shopper".<ref>Jon Goss (1993), The "Magic of the Mall": An Analysis of Form, Function, and Meaning in the Contemporary Retail Built Environment, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 83, No. 1. (Mar. 1993), pp. 18–47</ref> On the prevalence of consumerism in daily life, historian Gary Cross says that "The endless variation of clothing, travel, and entertainment provided opportunity for practically everyone to find a personal niche, no matter their race, age, gender or class."<ref>Cross, Gary S. ''An All-Consuming Century: Why Commercialism Won in Modern America''. Columbia University Press, 2002. p. 233 {{ISBN?}}</ref>

Arguably, the success of the consumerist cultural ideology can be witnessed all around the world. People who rush to the mall to buy products and end up spending money with their [[credit cards]] can easily become entrenched in the financial system of [[capitalist]] globalization.<ref name="Leslie Sklair 2002"/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmitt |first1=Bernd |last2=Brakus |first2=J Joško |last3=Biraglia |first3=Alessandro |title=Consumption Ideology |journal=[[Journal of Consumer Research]] |date=2021 |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=74–95 |doi=10.1093/jcr/ucab044 |doi-access=free}}</ref>