Editing Community of Madrid (section)

== Government and politics ==
=== Autonomous institutions of government ===
{{see also|Assembly of Madrid|President of the Community of Madrid|Government of the Community of Madrid}}
[[File:Debate del Estado de la región 2009.jpg|thumb|right|[[Hemicycle]] of the Assembly of Madrid, the autonomous legislature]]
[[File:Consejo de gobierno de Ángel Garrido.jpg|thumb|right|A meeting of the [[Government of the Community of Madrid|Council of Government]] presided by former President [[Ángel Garrido]]]]
Like the rest of autonomous communities, the Community of Madrid is organized politically within a [[parliamentary system]]; that is, the [[head of government]]—known as the "president"—is dependent on the direct support from the autonomous [[legislative power|legislature]], whose members elect him by a [[majority]].

The [[Statute of Autonomy]] of the Madrid Autonomous Community is the fundamental organic law in conjunction with (and subordinated to) the [[Spanish constitution]]. The Statute of Autonomy establishes that the powers through which the self-government of the autonomous community is exercised are the following institutions:

* The [[Assembly of Madrid]],<ref>[http://www.asambleamadrid.es/AsambleaDeMadrid/ES/QueEsLaAsamblea/Historia/DatosHistoricos/default.htm Origen y evolución de la Asamblea de Madrid] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080412020213/http://www.asambleamadrid.es/AsambleaDeMadrid/ES/QueEsLaAsamblea/Historia/DatosHistoricos/default.htm |date=2008-04-12 }}</ref> a directly elected body, represents the people of Madrid and exercises the [[legislative power]] of the community in approving and supervising the budget and in coordinating and controlling the actions of the government. The seat of the Assembly is located in Madrid, in the district of [[Puente de Vallecas]]. The members of the legislature (currently 132) are elected through [[proportional representation]] with closed-party lists and a 5% [[electoral threshold]] in a single region-wide constituency.{{refn|group=n.|The elections have normally followed the default electoral calendar set for most autonomous communities (with the exception of [[Catalonia]], the [[Basque Country (autonomous community)|Basque Country]], [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]], and [[Andalusia]]). The only exception to this occurred in 2003, in which due to the refusal of two socialist deputies to follow party discipline after the May election prevented the formation of any government.<ref>[http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2003/06/28/madrid/1056825603.html El 'caso Tamayo y Sáez']</ref> Therefore, new elections were held in October, outside the established electoral calendar.}} The [[2019 Madrilenian regional election|last election]] took place on 26 May 2019.
* The [[President of the Community of Madrid]] is the supreme representative of the autonomous community and the ordinary representation of the State. It presides and heads the activities of the Madrilenian autonomous government, designates and dismisses the vice-presidents and the ministers (''consejeros'') which conform an executive cabinet. The investiture of the regional president, who is nominated as candidate by the [[List of Presidents of the Madrid Assembly|Speaker of the Assembly]] among its members after holding consultations, is voted by a qualified majority of the plenary of the legislature (or, failing to achieve the former, a simple majority of 'yes' votes in a second round voting 48 hours later) and then formally appointed by the King through a [[Royal Decree]]. The seat of the Presidency is the [[Royal House of the Post Office|Real Casa de Correos]] located at the [[Puerta del Sol]] at the center of Madrid.<ref>[http://www.madridhistorico.com/seccion7_enciclopedia/index_enciclopedia.php?id=R&idinformacion=217&pag=1#inicio2 La Real Casa de Correos, sede de la Presidencia de la Comunidad de Madrid]</ref> Since 2019, the president is [[Isabel Díaz Ayuso]], of the [[People's Party (Spain)|People's Party]] (PP).
* The [[Government of the Community of Madrid]] is the collegiate body that heads the politics and the [[executive power|executive and administrative powers]] of the community. The incumbent Council of Government comprises the President, the vice-president (assuming additional competences) and twelve more ministers.

=== Delegation of the Central Government ===
Since the creation of autonomous communities, the [[Government of Spain]] appoints a special representative to each autonomous community, the [[Government Delegation (Spain)|Government Delegate]], part of the Peripheral State Administration. Unlike other single-province autonomous communities, the Government also appoints the Government Sub-delegate, the successor office to the provincial civil governor. The seats of both the delegation and the subdelegation are located at the {{interlanguage link|Borghetto Palace|es|Palacio de Borghetto}} in Madrid.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.abc.es/20120911/local-madrid/abci-palacio-borghetto-casa-poder-201209102212.html|journal=[[ABC (Spain)|ABC]]|title=Palacio de Borghetto, la casa del poder|date=11 September 2012|first=Sara|last=Medialdea}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.seat.mpr.gob.es/portal/delegaciones_gobierno/delegaciones/madrid.html|title=Delegación del Gobierno en la Comunidad de Madrid|publisher=Ministerio de Política Territorial y Función Pública|access-date=10 January 2019|archive-date=10 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110235058/http://www.seat.mpr.gob.es/portal/delegaciones_gobierno/delegaciones/madrid.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Administrative divisions ===
[[File:Madrid - Mapa municipal.svg|right|245px|Municipal Map of the Community of Madrid.]]
{{Main|List of municipalities in the Community of Madrid}}
The Community of Madrid, following the long-standing form of [[local government in Spain]], is divided administratively into 179 [[Municipalities of Spain|municipalities]] (featuring 801 towns and entities). Its municipalities comprise 2.2% of the Spanish territory (8,110). It is ranked 23rd amongst Spanish provinces in number of municipalities, which is slightly above average.{{refn|group=n.|In Madrid, the average area of a municipality is {{cvt|44.8|km2}}, slightly larger than the national average. Madrid is by far the largest. Between 1948 and 1954, the city annexed the neighboring municipalities of Chamartín de la Rosa, Fuencarral, Barajas, El Pardo, Hortaleza, Canillas, Canillejas, Vicálvaro, Vallecas, Villaverde, Carabanchel Alto, Carabanchel Baja and Aravaca.

The five largest municipalities by area are: Madrid {{cvt|605.8|km2}}; Aranjuez {{cvt|189.1|km2}}; Colmenar Viejo {{cvt|182.6|km2}}; Rascafría {{cvt|150.3|km2}}; and Manzanares el Real {{cvt|128.4|km2}}.

The smallest municipalities by area are: Casarrubuelos {{cvt|5.3|km2}}; La Serna del Monte {{cvt|5.4|km2}}; Pelayos de la Presa {{cvt|7.6|km2}}; Madarcos {{cvt|8.5|km2}}; and Torrejón de la Calzada {{cvt|9.0|km2}}.}}
The average is 165 municipalities by province. The ''[[ayuntamiento (Spain)|ayuntamiento]]'', presided by its ''alcalde'' (Mayor) is the formal institution charged with the government and administration of most municipalities. The municipal councillors forming the deliberative assembly of the ''ayuntamiento'' are directly elected through [[proportional representation]] with closed party lists and a 5% [[electoral threshold]]. In turn, the councillors are charged with electing from among themselves (by default candidates are the head of each electoral list) the Mayor presiding over the ''ayuntamiento''.

There are twenty [[Judicial districts of Spain|judicial districts]] (''partidos judiciales''), whose seats correspond to the municipalities of  [[Alcalá de Henares]], [[Alcobendas]], [[Alcorcón]], [[Aranjuez]], [[Arganda del Rey]], [[Collado Villalba]], [[Colmenar Viejo]], [[Coslada]], [[Fuenlabrada]], [[Getafe]], [[Leganés]], [[Madrid]], [[Majadahonda]], [[Móstoles]], [[Navalcarnero]], [[Parla]], [[San Lorenzo de El Escorial]], [[Torrejón de Ardoz]], [[Torrelaguna]], [[Valdemoro]], and [[Valdaracete]] (the historical judicial district of San Martín de Valdeiglesias is no longer a judicial district as of 1985). These jurisdictions relate to the judicial administration, with their seat having at least one [[Judiciary of Spain#Courts of first instance|court of first instance]].