Editing Colombia (section)

== Government and politics ==
{{Main|Government of Colombia}}
{{See also|Colombian Constitution of 1991}}
[[File:Casa_de_Nariño_y_Vigilantes.jpg|thumb|[[Casa de Nariño]] is the official home and principal workplace of the [[President of Colombia]].]]

The government of Colombia takes place within the framework of a [[presidential system|presidential]] [[Participatory democracy|participatory democratic]] republic as established in the Constitution of 1991.<ref name="Colombian Constitution of 1991" /> In accordance with the principle of [[separation of powers]], government is divided into three branches: the executive branch, the legislative branch and the judicial branch.<ref>Colombian Constitution of 1991 (Title V – Concerning the organization of the state – Chapter 1 – Concerning the structure of the state – Article 113)</ref>

As the head of the executive branch, the [[President of Colombia]] serves as both [[head of state]] and [[head of government]], followed by the [[Vice President of Colombia|Vice President]] and the [[Council of Ministers of the Republic of Colombia|Council of Ministers]]. The president is elected by popular vote to serve a single four-year term (In 2015, Colombia's Congress approved the repeal of a 2004 constitutional amendment that changed the one-term limit for presidents to a two-term limit).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/hoy-san-diego/sdhoy-colombian-lawmakers-vote-to-limit-presidents-to-2015jun04-story.html|title=Colombian lawmakers vote to limit presidents to single term|work=The San Diego Union-Tribune|date=4 June 2015|access-date=3 May 2017|archive-date=31 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731153517/http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/hoy-san-diego/sdhoy-colombian-lawmakers-vote-to-limit-presidents-to-2015jun04-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> At the provincial level executive power is vested in [[List of Colombian Department Governors|department governors]], [[municipalities of Colombia|municipal mayors]] and local administrators for smaller administrative subdivisions, such as ''[[Corregimientos of Colombia|corregimientos]]'' or ''comunas''.<ref>Colombian Constitution of 1991 (Title V – Concerning the organization of the state – Chapter 1 – Concerning the structure of the state – Article 115)</ref> All regional elections are held one year and five months after the presidential election.<ref name="Government">{{cite web|url=http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/ayudadetareas/gobierno/gob3a.htm|title=The Government of Colombia|publisher=banrepcultural.org|access-date=14 March 2014|language=es|archive-date=15 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315042920/http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/ayudadetareas/gobierno/gob3a.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Colombian Constitution of 1991 (Title VII – Concerning the executive branch)</ref>
[[File:Capitalio National de Colombia, Bogotá.jpg|thumb|[[Capitolio Nacional]], seat of the [[Congress of Colombia|Congress]]]]

The legislative branch of government is represented nationally by the [[Congress of Colombia|Congress]], a bicameral institution comprising a 166-seat [[Chamber of Representatives of Colombia|Chamber of Representatives]] and a 102-seat [[Senate of Colombia|Senate]].<ref>Colombian Constitution of 1991 (Title V – Concerning the organization of the state – Chapter 1 – Concerning the structure of the state – Article 114)</ref><ref>Colombian Constitution of 1991 (Chapter 4 – Concerning the senate – Article 171)</ref> The Senate is elected nationally and the Chamber of Representatives is elected in electoral districts.<ref>Colombian Constitution of 1991 (Chapter 5 – Concerning the chamber of representatives – Article 176)</ref> Members of both houses are elected to serve four-year terms two months before the president, also by popular vote.<ref>Colombian Constitution of 1991 (Title VI – Concerning the legislative branch – Chapter 1 – Concerning its structure and functions – Article 132)</ref>
[[File:Palacio_de_Justicia_de_Colombia,_Bogotá.jpg|thumb|[[Palace of Justice of Colombia]], seat and symbol of the [[Judiciary of Colombia]]]]

The judicial branch is headed by [[Judiciary of Colombia|four high courts]],<ref>Colombian Constitution of 1991 (Title VII – Concerning the judiciary branch – Chapter 2 – Concerning ordinary jurisdiction – Article 234)</ref> consisting of the [[Supreme Court of Justice of Colombia|Supreme Court]] which deals with penal and civil matters, the [[Council of State of Colombia|Council of State]], which has special responsibility for [[administrative law]] and also provides legal advice to the executive, the [[Constitutional Court of Colombia|Constitutional Court]], responsible for assuring the integrity of the Colombian constitution, and the [[Superior Council of Judicature]], responsible for auditing the judicial branch.<ref>Colombian Constitution of 1991 (Title VIII – Concerning the judiciary branch)</ref> Colombia operates a system of [[civil law (legal system)|civil law]], which since 1991 has been applied through an [[adversarial system]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Landau|first=David|title=Colombian Constitutional Law: Leading Cases|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2017|isbn=9780190640378|pages=217|quote=The 1991 Constitution moved Colombia away from the inquisitorial criminal system that it has traditionally possessed (and where the judge plays the leading role in the criminal process), and toward an adversarial system more like the American system, where lawyers act for each side as the protagonists.}}</ref>

Despite a number of controversies, the [[democratic security policy]] has ensured that former President [[Álvaro Uribe]] remained popular among Colombian people, with his approval rating peaking at 76%, according to a poll in 2009.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.semana.com/politica/articulo/si-no-uribe-santos/103711-3|title=Si no es Uribe, es Santos|publisher=semana.com|date=1 June 2009|access-date=15 March 2014|author=Ipsos-Napoleon Franco poll|language=es|archive-date=16 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316082009/http://www.semana.com/politica/articulo/si-no-uribe-santos/103711-3|url-status=live}}</ref> However, having served two terms, he was constitutionally barred from seeking re-election in 2010.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Colombian Court Blocks President's Bid for a Third Term|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/27/world/americas/27colombia.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=26 February 2010|access-date=24 October 2015|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=5 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005070520/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/27/world/americas/27colombia.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In the run-off [[2010 Colombian presidential election|elections]] on 20 June 2010 the former Minister of Defense [[Juan Manuel Santos]] won with 69% of the vote against the second most popular candidate, [[Antanas Mockus]]. A second round was required since no candidate received over the 50% winning threshold of votes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.registraduria.gov.co/imagenes/escrutinio_seg_vuelta.pdf|title=escrutinio 2ª Vuelta 2010|publisher=registraduria.gov.co|language=es|access-date=20 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718033546/http://www.registraduria.gov.co/imagenes/escrutinio_seg_vuelta.pdf|archive-date=18 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Santos won re-election with nearly 51% of the vote in second-round [[2014 Colombian presidential election|elections]] on 15 June 2014, beating right-wing rival [[Óscar Iván Zuluaga]], who won 45%.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://elecciones.registraduria.gov.co:81/elecciones2014/presidente/2v/99PR2/DPR9999999_L1.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705010101/https://elecciones.registraduria.gov.co:81/elecciones2014/presidente/2v/99PR2/DPR9999999_L1.htm|title=escrutinio 2ª Vuelta 2014|publisher=registraduria.gov.co|language=es|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 July 2014}}</ref> In 2018, [[Iván Duque]] won in the second round of the [[2018 Colombian presidential election|election]] with 54% of the vote, against 42% for his left-wing rival, [[Gustavo Petro]]. His term as Colombia's president ran for four years, beginning on 7 August 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://presidente2018.registraduria.gov.co/resultados/2html/resultados.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618010101/https://presidente2018.registraduria.gov.co/resultados/2html/resultados.html|title=2ª Vuelta 2018|publisher=registraduria.gov.co|language=es|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 June 2018}}</ref> In 2022, Colombia [[2022 Colombian presidential election|elected]] Gustavo Petro, who became its first leftist leader,<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Woodford |first1=Isabel |last2=Vargas |first2=Carlos |last3=Araujo |first3=Gabriel |date=23 June 2022 |title=Latin America's new 'pink tide' gains pace as Colombia shifts left; Brazil up next |language=en |publisher=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/latin-americas-new-pink-tide-gains-pace-colombia-shifts-left-brazil-up-next-2022-06-22/ |access-date=11 July 2022 |archive-date=28 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628195416/https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/latin-americas-new-pink-tide-gains-pace-colombia-shifts-left-brazil-up-next-2022-06-22/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Francia Marquez]], who was the first black person elected as vice president.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Turkewitz |first=Julie |date=19 June 2022 |title=Francia Márquez — a former housekeeper and activist — is Colombia's first Black vice president. |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/19/world/americas/francia-marquez-vice-president-colombia.html |access-date=30 July 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=4 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604134301/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/19/world/americas/francia-marquez-vice-president-colombia.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Foreign affairs ===
{{Main|Foreign relations of Colombia}}
{{See also|List of diplomatic missions of Colombia}}
[[File:VII Cumbre de la Alianza del Pacífico, Santiago de Cali.jpg|thumb|The VII Summit of the [[Pacific Alliance]]: Former President of Colombia, [[Juan Manuel Santos]] is second from the left.]]

The foreign affairs of Colombia are headed by the President, as head of state, and managed by the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Colombia)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]].<ref name="The foreign affairs">{{cite web|url=http://www.cancilleria.gov.co/en/ministry/the_ministry |title=The Ministry of Foreign Affairs |publisher=cancilleria.gov.co |access-date=15 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227222556/http://www.cancilleria.gov.co/en/ministry/the_ministry |archive-date=27 February 2014 }}</ref> Colombia has diplomatic missions in all continents.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cancilleria.gov.co/en/colombian-embassies-and-consulates-abroad|title=Colombian Embassies and Consulates abroad|date=9 November 2015|publisher=cancilleria.gov.co|access-date=19 June 2016|archive-date=22 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922113608/https://www.cancilleria.gov.co/en/colombian-embassies-and-consulates-abroad|url-status=live}}</ref>

Colombia was one of the four founding members of the [[Pacific Alliance]], which is a political, economic and co-operative integration mechanism that promotes the free circulation of goods, services, capital and persons between the members, as well as a common stock exchange and joint embassies in several countries.<ref name="The Pacific Alliance">{{cite web|url=https://alianzapacifico.net/en/what-is-the-pacific-alliance/#what-is-the-pacific-alliance|title=The Pacific Alliance and its Objectives|publisher=alianzapacifico.net|access-date=19 June 2016|archive-date=11 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211035108/https://alianzapacifico.net/en/what-is-the-pacific-alliance/#what-is-the-pacific-alliance|url-status=live}}</ref> Colombia is also a member of the United Nations, the [[World Trade Organization]], the [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]], the [[Organization of American States]], the [[Organization of Ibero-American States]], and the [[Andean Community of Nations]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cancilleria.gov.co/international/multilateral|title=Organismos multilaterales|publisher=cancilleria.gov.co|access-date=23 April 2017|archive-date=22 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922064436/https://www.cancilleria.gov.co/international/multilateral|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cancilleria.gov.co/international/consensus |title=Mecanismos de Concertación e Integración Regionales |publisher=cancilleria.gov.co |access-date=23 April 2017 |archive-date=22 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922020840/https://www.cancilleria.gov.co/international/consensus |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cancilleria.gov.co/international/regional |title=Organismos regionales |publisher=cancilleria.gov.co |access-date=23 April 2017 |archive-date=5 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205134936/https://www.cancilleria.gov.co/international/regional |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cancilleria.gov.co/international/multilateral/inter-governmental|title=Organismos Intergubernamentales|publisher=cancilleria.gov.co|access-date=23 April 2017|archive-date=22 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922015849/https://www.cancilleria.gov.co/international/multilateral/inter-governmental|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[http://www.oecd.org/latin-america/countries/colombia/ A mutually beneficial relationship] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216004726/http://www.oecd.org/latin-america/countries/colombia/ |date=16 February 2021 }}. oecd.org (25 May 2018).</ref>

Colombia is a global partner of [[NATO]]<ref>[http://nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_143936.htm?selectedLocale=en Relations with Colombia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170521075718/http://nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_143936.htm?selectedLocale=en |date=21 May 2017 }}. nato.int (19 May 2017).</ref> and a [[major non-NATO ally]] of the [[United States]].<ref name=":1" />

=== Military ===
{{Main|Military Forces of Colombia}}
[[File:Arc fragata caldas.jpg|thumb|[[Colombian Navy]] [[Frigate]] [[Almirante Padilla-class frigate|ARC ''Caldas'']]]]

The executive branch of government is responsible for managing the defense of Colombia, with the President [[commander-in-chief]] of the armed forces. The [[Ministry of National Defence (Colombia)|Ministry of Defence]] exercises day-to-day control of the military and the [[Colombian National Police]]. Colombia has 455,461 active military personnel.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://asosec.co/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Logros_Sector_Defensa.pdf|title=Military Personnel – Logros de la Política Integral de Seguridad y Defensa para la Prosperidad|language=es|publisher=mindefensa|access-date=23 June 2017|archive-date=23 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623061949/http://asosec.co/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Logros_Sector_Defensa.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2016, 3.4% of the country's GDP went towards military expenditure, placing it 24th in the world. Colombia's armed forces are the largest in Latin America, and it is the second largest spender on its military after Brazil.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/Milex-constant-2015-USD.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/Milex-constant-2015-USD.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live|title=Military spending|publisher=sipri.org|access-date=22 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/Milex-share-of-GDP.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/Milex-share-of-GDP.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live |title=Military expenditure (% of GDP)|publisher=sipri.org|access-date=22 June 2017}}</ref> In 2018, Colombia signed the UN [[treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |title=Chapter XXVI: Disarmament&nbsp;– No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons |publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection |date=7 July 2017 |access-date=17 November 2019 |archive-date=6 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806220546/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Colombian military is divided into three branches: the [[National Army of Colombia]]; the [[Colombian Aerospace Force]]; and the [[Colombian Navy]]. The National Police functions as a [[gendarmerie]], operating independently from the military as the law enforcement agency for the entire country. Each of these operates with their own intelligence apparatus separate from the [[National Intelligence Directorate (Colombia)|National Intelligence Directorate]] (DNI, in Spanish).<ref name="The Colombian military">{{cite web|title=Colombian Constitution of 1991 (Title VII: The Executive Branch – Chapter VII: The Public Force)|language=es|publisher=banrepcultural.org|access-date=20 May 2017|url=http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/derecho/constitucion-politica-de-colombia-1991/titulo-7-capitulo-7|archive-date=21 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170521193530/http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/derecho/constitucion-politica-de-colombia-1991/titulo-7-capitulo-7|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The National Army is formed by divisions, brigades, special brigades, and special units,<ref name="The National Army">{{cite web|url=http://www.ejercito.mil.co/?idcategoria=253869|title=Military units|language=es|publisher=ejercito.mil.co|access-date=10 March 2014|archive-date=3 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140403223436/http://ejercito.mil.co/?idcategoria=253869|url-status=live}}</ref> the Colombian Navy by the [[Colombian Naval Infantry|Naval Infantry]], the Naval Force of the Caribbean, the Naval Force of the Pacific, the Naval Force of the South, the Naval Force of the East, Colombia Coast Guards, Naval Aviation, and the Specific Command of San Andres y Providencia<ref name="the National Armada">{{cite web|url=https://www.armada.mil.co/es/content/fuerzas-y-comandos|title=Forces and commands|language=es|publisher=armada.mil.co|access-date=10 March 2014|archive-date=8 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140208012034/http://armada.mil.co/es/content/fuerzas-y-comandos|url-status=live}}</ref> and the Aerospace Force by 15 air units.<ref name="The Air Force">{{cite web|url=https://www.fac.mil.co/unidades-aereas|title=Air units|language=es|publisher=ejercito.mil.co|access-date=10 March 2014|archive-date=17 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217104239/http://www.fac.mil.co/unidades-aereas|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Administrative divisions ===
{{Main|Departments of Colombia|Municipalities of Colombia}}
{{See also|List of cities in Colombia|Corregimientos of Colombia}}
Colombia is divided into 32 [[Departments of Colombia|departments]] and one [[Bogotá|capital district]], which is treated as a department (Bogotá also serves as the capital of the [[Cundinamarca Department|department of Cundinamarca]]). Departments are subdivided into [[Municipalities of Colombia|municipalities]], each of which is assigned a municipal seat, and municipalities are in turn subdivided into ''[[Corregimientos of Colombia|corregimientos]]'' in rural areas and into ''[[Comunas of Colombia|comunas]]'' in urban areas. Each department has a local government with a governor and assembly directly elected to four-year terms, and each municipality is headed by a mayor and council. There is a popularly elected local administrative board in each of the ''corregimientos'' or ''comunas''.<ref name="Administrative divisions">{{cite web|url=http://www.dane.gov.co/Divipola/|title=Codificación de la División Político-Administrativa de Colombia (Divipola)|language=es|publisher=dane.gov.co|access-date=15 March 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209012507/http://dane.gov.co/Divipola/|archive-date=9 February 2014}}</ref><ref name="Concerning the territorial organization">Colombian Constitution of 1991 (Title XI – Concerning the territorial organization)</ref><ref>Colombian Constitution of 1991 (Title XI – Concerning the territorial organization – Chapter 3 – Concerning the municipal regime – Article 318)</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Herrera Llanos |first=W |year=2011 |title=Régimen municipal en Colombia (Continuación del tema sobre Organización Territorial) |journal=Revista de Derecho |publisher=Universidad del Norte |page=27}}</ref>

In addition to the capital, four other cities have been designated [[Districts of Colombia|districts]] (in effect special municipalities), on the basis of special distinguishing features. These are [[Barranquilla]], [[Cartagena, Colombia|Cartagena]], [[Santa Marta]] and [[Buenaventura, Colombia|Buenaventura]]. Some departments have local administrative subdivisions, where towns have a large concentration of population and municipalities are near each other (for example, in Antioquia and Cundinamarca). Where departments have a low population (for example Amazonas, Vaupés and Vichada), special administrative divisions are employed, such as "department ''corregimientos''", which are a hybrid of a municipality and a ''corregimiento''.<ref name="Administrative divisions" /><ref name="Concerning the territorial organization" />

<small>Click on a department on the map below to go to its article.</small>
{{Colombia map clickable}}
{|
|- valign="top"
|<!--First column:-->
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! || Department || Capital city
|-
| 1 || [[File:Flag of Amazonas (Colombia).svg|border|22x20px|Flag of the Department of Amazonas]] [[Amazonas (Colombian department)|Amazonas]] || [[Leticia, Colombia|Leticia]]
|-
| 2 || [[File:Flag of Antioquia Department.svg|border|22x20px|Flag of the Department of Antioquia]] [[Antioquia Department|Antioquia]] || [[Medellín]]
|-
| 3 || [[File:Flag of Arauca.svg|22x20px|Flag of the Department of Arauca]] [[Arauca Department|Arauca]] || [[Arauca, Arauca|Arauca]]
|-
| 4 || [[File:Flag of Atlántico.svg|border|22x20px|Flag of the Department of Atlántico]] [[Atlántico Department|Atlántico]] || [[Barranquilla]]
|-
| 5 || [[File:Flag of Bolívar (Colombia).svg|22x20px|Flag of the Department of Bolívar]] [[Bolívar Department|Bolívar]] || [[Cartagena, Colombia|Cartagena]]
|-
| 6 || [[File:Flag of Boyacá Department.svg|22x20px|Flag of the Department of Boyacá]] [[Boyacá Department|Boyacá]] || [[Tunja]]
|-
| 7 || [[File:Flag of Caldas.svg|22x20px|Flag of the Department of Caldas]] [[Caldas Department|Caldas]] || [[Manizales]]
|-
| 8 || [[File:Flag of Caquetá.svg|border|22x20px|Flag of the Department of Caquetá]] [[Department of Caquetá|Caquetá]] || [[Florencia, Caquetá|Florencia]]
|-
| 9 || [[File:Flag of Casanare.svg|22x20px|Flag of the Department of Casanare]] [[Casanare Department|Casanare]]{{Spaces|2}}||{{Smaller|[[Yopal]]}}
|-
| 10 || [[File:Flag of Cauca.svg|22x20px|Flag of the Department of Cauca]] [[Cauca Department|Cauca]] || [[Popayán]]
|-
| 11 || [[File:Flag of Cesar.svg|22x20px|Flag of the Department of Cesar]] [[Cesar Department|Cesar]] || [[Valledupar]]{{nbsp|6}}
|-
| 12 || [[File:Flag of Chocó.svg|22x20px|Flag of the Department of Chocó]] [[Chocó Department|Chocó]] || [[Quibdó]]
|-
| 13 || [[File:Flag of Córdoba.svg|22x20px|Flag of the Department of Córdoba]] [[Córdoba Department|Córdoba]] || [[Montería]]
|-
| 14 || [[File:Flag of Cundinamarca.svg|22x20px|Flag of the Department of Cundinamarca]] [[Cundinamarca Department|Cundinamarca]] || [[Bogotá]]
|-
| 15 || [[File:Flag of Guainía.svg|22x20px|Flag of the Department of Guainía]] [[Guainía Department|Guainía]] || [[Inírida, Guainía|Inírida]]
|-
| 16 || [[File:Flag of Guaviare.svg|22x20px|Flag of the Department of Guaviare]] [[Guaviare Department|Guaviare]] || [[San José del Guaviare]]
|-
| 17 || [[File:Flag of Huila.svg|border|22x20px|Flag of the Department of Huila]] [[Huila Department|Huila]] || [[Neiva, Colombia|Neiva]]
|}
|<!--Second column:-->
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! || Department || Capital city
|-
| 18 || [[File:Flag of La Guajira.svg|border|22x20px|Flag of La Guajira]] [[Department of La Guajira|La Guajira]]{{nbsp|2}}||{{Smaller|[[Riohacha]]}}
|-
| 19 || [[File:Flag of Magdalena.svg|22x20px|Flag of the Department of Magdalena]] [[Magdalena Department|Magdalena]] || [[Santa Marta]]
|-
| 20 || [[File:Flag of Meta.svg|22x20px|Flag of the Department of Meta]] [[Meta Department|Meta]] || [[Villavicencio]]
|-
| 21 || [[File:Flag of Nariño.svg|22x20px|Flag of the Department of Nariño]] [[Nariño Department|Nariño]] || [[Pasto, Colombia|Pasto]]
|-
| 22 || [[File:Flag of Norte de Santander.svg|22x20px|Flag of the Department of Norte de Santander]] [[Norte de Santander Department|Norte de Santander]] || [[Cúcuta]]
|-
| 23 || [[File:Flag of Putumayo.svg|22x20px|Flag of the Department of Putumayo]] [[Putumayo Department|Putumayo]] || [[Mocoa]]
|-
| 24 || [[File:Flag of Quindío.svg|22x20px|Flag of the Department of Quindío]] [[Quindío Department|Quindío]] || [[Armenia, Colombia|Armenia]]
|-
| 25 || [[File:Flag of Risaralda.svg|22x20px|Flag of the Department of Risaralda]] [[Risaralda Department|Risaralda]] || [[Pereira, Colombia|Pereira]]
|-
| 26 || [[File:Flag of San Andrés y Providencia.svg|22x20px|Flag of the Department of San Andres, Providencia and Santa Catalina]] [[Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina|San Andrés, Providencia<br />and Santa Catalina]] || [[San Andrés, San Andrés y Providencia|San Andrés]]
|-
| 27 || [[File:Flag of Santander (Colombia).svg|22x20px|Flag of the Department of Santander]] [[Santander Department|Santander]] || [[Bucaramanga]]
|-
| 28 || [[File:Flag of Sucre (Colombia).svg|border|22x20px|Flag of the Department of Sucre]] [[Sucre Department|Sucre]] || [[Sincelejo]]
|-
| 29 || [[File:Flag of Tolima.svg|22x20px|Flag of the Department of Tolima]] [[Department of Tolima|Tolima]] || [[Ibagué]]
|-
| 30 || [[File:Flag of Valle del Cauca.svg|22x20px|Flag of the Department of Valle del Cauca]] [[Valle del Cauca Department|Valle del Cauca]] || [[Santiago de Cali|Cali]]
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| 31 || [[File:Flag of Vaupés.svg|border|22x20px|Flag of the Department of Vichada]] [[Vaupés Department|Vaupés]] || [[Mitú]]
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| 32 || [[File:Flag of Vichada.svg|22x20px|Flag of the Department of Vichada]] [[Vichada Department|Vichada]] || [[Puerto Carreño]]
|-
| 33 || [[File:Flag of Bogotá.svg|22x20px|Flag of Bogotá]] [[Bogotá]] || [[Bogotá]]
|}
|}