Editing Cleveland (section)

== Demographics ==
{{main|Demographics of Cleveland}}
{{US Census population
|1820= 606
|1830= 1075
|1840= 6071
|1850= 17034
|1860= 43417
|1870= 92829
|1880= 160146
|1890= 261353
|1900= 381768
|1910= 560663
|1920= 796841
|1930= 900429
|1940= 878336
|1950= 914808
|1960= 876050
|1970= 750903
|1980= 573822
|1990= 505616
|2000= 478403
|2010= 396815
|2020= 372624
|estyear=2024
|estimate=365379
|estref=<ref name="USCensusQuickFacts" />
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="largest-US-cities" /><ref name="2010census">{{cite web |title=Cleveland |work=QuickFacts (2010) |publisher=United States Census Bureau |url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/39/3916000.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140218233419/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/39/3916000.html |archive-date=February 18, 2014 }}</ref>
}}

{|class="wikitable"
|+ Historical racial/ethnic composition
! Race/ethnicity !! 2020<ref name="2020census" />!! 2010<ref name="2010census" /> !! 1990<ref name="pop">{{cite web |title=Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |archive-date=August 12, 2012 }}</ref> !! 1970<ref name="pop" /> !! 1940<ref name="pop" />
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic Whites|White]] (non-Hispanic) ||32.1% ||33.4% ||47.8% ||59.4%{{efn|name=15%|From 15% sample}} ||90.2%
|-
|[[African Americans|Black or African American]] (non-Hispanic) ||47.5% ||52.4% ||46.6% ||38.3% ||9.6%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] ||13.1% ||10.0% ||4.6% ||1.9%{{efn|name=15%}} ||0.1%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] (non-Hispanic){{Efn|Included [[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islanders]] until the year 2000}} ||2.8% ||1.8% ||1.0%||0.6%||-
|-
|Native American (non-Hispanic) ||0.2% ||0.2% ||0.3% ||0.2% ||–
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Two or more races]] (non-Hispanic) ||3.8% ||1.8% ||– ||– ||–
|}

At the 2020 census, there were 372,624 people and 170,549 households in Cleveland. The population density was {{convert|4901.51|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. The median household income was $30,907 and the per capita income was $21,223. 32.7% of the population was living below the poverty line. Of the city's population over the age of 25, 17.5% held a bachelor's degree or higher, and 80.8% had a high school diploma or equivalent.<ref name="USCensusQuickFacts" /> The median age was 36.6 years.<ref>{{cite news |last=Smith |first=Zachary |title=Every Ohio city ranked for median age, youth, seniors – new census estimates |newspaper=The Plain Dealer |url=https://www.cleveland.com/data/2022/03/every-ohio-city-ranked-for-median-age-youth-seniors-new-census-estimates.html |date=March 31, 2022 |access-date=May 24, 2023 }}</ref>

{{As of|2020}}, the racial and ethnic composition of the city was 47.5% African American, 32.1% [[Non-Hispanic whites|non-Hispanic white]], 13.1% [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]], 2.8% [[Asian Americans|Asian]], 0% [[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]], 0.2% Native American, and 3.8% from [[Multiracial Americans|two or more races]].<ref name="2020census" /> 85.3% of Clevelanders age five and older spoke only English at home, while 14.7% spoke a language other than English, including [[Spanish language in the United States|Spanish]], [[Arabic language in the United States|Arabic]], [[Chinese language in the United States|Chinese]], [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]], [[Albanian language|Albanian]], and various [[Slavic languages]] ([[Russian language in the United States|Russian]], [[Polish language|Polish]], [[Serbian language|Serbian]], [[Croatian language|Croatian]], and [[Slovene language|Slovene]]).<ref name="USCensusQuickFacts" /> The city's [[North American English regional phonology|spoken accent]] is an advanced form of [[Inland Northern American English]], similar to other Great Lakes cities, but distinctive from the rest of Ohio.<ref>{{cite news |last=Polk |first=Mike Jr. |author-link=Mike Polk |title=Mike Polk Jr. investigates the 'Cleveland Accent' |publisher=WKYC |url=https://www.wkyc.com/article/entertainment/television/programs/whats-new/mike-polk-jr-investigates-the-cleveland-accent/95-56345205-fe40-490b-8f7c-8bc05c95edf7 |date=October 22, 2020 |access-date=August 8, 2023 |quote=Cleveland is very distinctive from the rest of Ohio in its accent [with] that backwards 'A' and that that long drawn out 'O.' }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=McIntyre |first=Michael K. |title=Clevelanders probably think they don't have an accent, but we do, and so do others in the Midwest |newspaper=The Plain Dealer |url=https://www.cleveland.com/tipoff/2017/01/clevelanders_probably_think_th.html |date=January 13, 2017 |access-date=August 8, 2023 |quote=[The accent is] nasal and marked by a raised 'a' that makes 'cat' sound like 'cayat,' a fronted 'o' that makes 'box' sound like 'bahx.' }}</ref>

=== Ethnicity ===
{{multiple image
 |align = right
 |direction = vertical
 |image1 = Shiloh Baptist Church Cleveland Ohio.jpg
 |caption1 = Originally built in 1905 as the Jewish Temple B'nai Jeshurun, this building on Cleveland's East Side, today known as the [[Shiloh Baptist Church (Cleveland, Ohio)|Shiloh Baptist Church]], now serves an African American congregation.
 |image2 = Saint Theodosius Russian Orthodox Cathedral (Cleveland, Ohio) - exterior photographed from A Christmas Story House property.jpg
 |caption2 = [[St. Theodosius Russian Orthodox Cathedral]] in [[Tremont, Cleveland|Tremont]]
}}

In the 19th and early 20th centuries, Cleveland saw a massive influx of immigrants from Ireland, [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]], and the [[Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian]], [[German Empire|German]], [[Russian Empire|Russian]], and [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] empires, most of whom were attracted by manufacturing jobs.<ref name="immigration-migration" /> As a result, Cleveland and Cuyahoga County today have substantial communities of [[Irish Americans|Irish]] (especially in West Park), [[Italian Americans|Italians]] (especially in Little Italy), [[German Americans|Germans]], and several [[Central Europe|Central]]-Eastern European ethnicities, including [[Czech American|Czechs]], [[Hungarian Americans|Hungarians]], [[Lithuanian American|Lithuanians]], [[Polish Americans|Poles]], [[Romanian American|Romanians]], [[Russian Americans|Russians]], [[Rusyn Americans|Rusyns]], [[Slovak American|Slovaks]], [[Ukrainian American|Ukrainians]], and ex-[[Yugoslavia|Yugoslav]] groups, such as [[Slovene Americans|Slovenes]], [[Croatian American|Croats]] and [[Serbian American|Serbs]].<ref name="immigration-migration" /> The presence of [[Hungarian Ohioans#Hungarians in Cleveland|Hungarians within Cleveland proper]] was, at one time, so great that the city boasted the highest concentration of Hungarians in the world outside of [[Budapest]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Hungarians |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History |publisher=Case Western Reserve University |url=https://case.edu/ech/articles/h/hungarians |access-date=July 8, 2019 |date=May 11, 2018 }}</ref> Cleveland has a long-established [[Jews and Judaism in Greater Cleveland|Jewish community]], historically centered on the East Side neighborhoods of Glenville and Kinsman, but now mostly concentrated in East Side suburbs such as Cleveland Heights and [[Beachwood, Ohio|Beachwood]], location of the [[Maltz Museum of Jewish Heritage]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Jews & Judaism |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History |publisher=Case Western Reserve University |url=https://case.edu/ech/articles/j/jews-judaism |access-date=July 2, 2019 |date=May 11, 2018 }}</ref>

The availability of jobs attracted African Americans from the South. Between 1910 and 1970, the black population of Cleveland, largely concentrated on the city's East Side, increased significantly as a result of the First and [[Second Great Migration (African American)|Second Great Migrations]].<ref name="african-americans" /> Cleveland's Latino community consists primarily of [[Puerto Ricans in the United States|Puerto Ricans]], as well as smaller numbers of immigrants from Mexico, [[Cuba]], the [[Dominican Republic]], [[South America|South]] and Central America, and Spain.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Hispanic Community |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History |publisher=Case Western Reserve University |url=https://case.edu/ech/articles/h/hispanic-community |access-date=July 2, 2019 |date=May 11, 2018 }}</ref> The city's Asian community, centered on historical Asiatown, consists of [[Chinese Americans|Chinese]], [[Korean Americans|Koreans]], [[Vietnamese Americans|Vietnamese]], and other groups.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Asiatown |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History |publisher=Case Western Reserve University |url=https://case.edu/ech/articles/a/asiatown |access-date=July 2, 2019 |date=May 11, 2018 }}</ref> Additionally, the city and the county have significant communities of [[Albanian Americans|Albanians]],<ref name="albanians">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Albanians |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History |publisher=Case Western Reserve University |url=https://case.edu/ech/articles/a/albanians |access-date=July 2, 2019 |date=May 11, 2018 }}</ref> [[Arab American|Arabs]] (especially [[Lebanese Americans|Lebanese]], [[Syrian Americans|Syrians]], and [[Palestinian Americans|Palestinians]]),<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Arab Americans |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History |publisher=Case Western Reserve University |url=https://case.edu/ech/articles/a/arab-americans |access-date=August 9, 2019 |date=May 11, 2018 }}</ref> [[Armenian Americans|Armenians]],<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Armenians |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History |publisher=Case Western Reserve University |url=https://case.edu/ech/articles/a/armenians |date=January 10, 2021 |access-date=June 7, 2023 }}</ref> [[French American|French]],<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=French |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History |publisher=Case Western Reserve University |url=https://case.edu/ech/articles/f/french |access-date=August 9, 2019 |date=May 11, 2018 }}</ref> [[Greek American|Greeks]],<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Greeks |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History |publisher=Case Western Reserve University |url=https://case.edu/ech/articles/g/greeks |access-date=August 9, 2019 |date=May 11, 2018 }}</ref> [[Iranian Americans|Iranians]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Vandenberge |first=Jordan |title=Iranian-Americans in Cleveland keeping close eye on rising tensions between US, Iran |publisher=WEWS-TV |url=https://www.news5cleveland.com/news/local-news/iranian-americans-in-cleveland-keeping-close-eye-on-rising-tensions-between-us-iran |date=January 3, 2020 |access-date=June 21, 2020 }}</ref> [[Scottish Americans|Scots]],<ref name="immigration-migration" /> [[Turkish Americans|Turks]],<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Turks in Cleveland |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History |publisher=Case Western Reserve University |url=https://case.edu/ech/articles/t/turks-cleveland |date=October 2, 2019 |access-date=June 7, 2023 }}</ref> and [[West Indian American|West Indians]].<ref name="immigration-migration" /> A 2020 analysis found Cleveland to be the most ethnically and racially diverse major city in Ohio.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosby |first=Chris |title=3 Ohio Cities Among Nation's Most Diverse: U.S. News |website=[[Patch (website)|Patch]] |url=https://patch.com/ohio/cleveland/3-ohio-cities-among-nation-s-most-diverse-u-s-news |date=January 23, 2020 |access-date=May 24, 2020 }}</ref>

=== Religion ===
The influx of immigrants in the 19th and early 20th centuries drastically transformed Cleveland's religious landscape. From a homogeneous settlement of New England [[Protestants]], it evolved into a city with a diverse religious composition. The predominant faith among Clevelanders today is Christianity ([[Catholic Church|Catholic]], Protestant, and [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern]] and [[Oriental Orthodox Churches|Oriental Orthodox]]), with Jewish, [[Muslim]], [[Hinduism|Hindu]], and [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] minorities.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Religion |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History |publisher=Case Western Reserve University |url=https://case.edu/ech/articles/r/religion |access-date=July 31, 2019 |date=May 12, 2018 }}</ref>

=== Immigration ===
Within Cleveland, the neighborhoods with the highest foreign-born populations are Asiatown/Goodrich–Kirtland Park (32.7%), Clark–Fulton (26.7%), West Boulevard (18.5%), Brooklyn Centre (17.3%), Downtown (17.2%), University Circle (15.9%, with 20% in Little Italy), and Jefferson (14.3%).<ref>{{cite web |title=National Origin in Cleveland, Ohio |publisher=Statistical Atlas |url=https://statisticalatlas.com/place/Ohio/Cleveland/National-Origin |access-date=May 24, 2020 }}</ref> Recent waves of immigration have brought new groups to Cleveland, including [[Ethiopian Americans|Ethiopians]] and [[South Asian Americans|South Asians]],<ref>{{cite web |last=Drown |first=Hannah |title=New Ethiopian Cultural Garden first in Cleveland to represent an African nation |url=https://www.cleveland.com/news/2019/08/ethiopian-cultural-garden-marks-first-cultural-garden-in-cleveland-to-represent-an-african-nation.html |publisher=[[The Plain Dealer]] |date=August 26, 2019 |access-date=June 19, 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Indians (Asian) |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History |publisher=Case Western Reserve University |url=https://case.edu/ech/articles/i/indians-asian |access-date=July 2, 2019 |date=February 21, 2019 }}</ref> as well as immigrants from Russia and the [[Post-Soviet states|former USSR]],<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Russians |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History |publisher=Case Western Reserve University |url=https://case.edu/ech/articles/r/russians |date=May 30, 2023 |access-date=June 7, 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Soviet and Post-Soviet Immigration |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History |publisher=Case Western Reserve University |url=https://case.edu/ech/articles/s/soviet-and-post-soviet-immigration |date=October 7, 2019 |access-date=June 7, 2023 }}</ref> Southeast Europe (especially [[Albania]]),<ref name="albanians" /> the Middle East, East Asia, and Latin America.<ref name="immigration-migration" /> In the 2010s, the immigrant population of Cleveland and Cuyahoga County began to see significant growth.<ref>{{cite news |last=Exner |first=Rich |title=Among counties, Cuyahoga near top in Midwest for attracting immigrants |newspaper=The Plain Dealer |url=https://www.cleveland.com/datacentral/2018/04/among_counties_cuyahoga_near_t.html |date=April 2, 2018 |access-date=July 8, 2019 }}</ref> A 2019 study found Cleveland to be the city with the shortest average processing time in the nation for immigrants to become [[Citizenship of the United States|U.S. citizens]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Cho |first=Janet H. |title=Cleveland is the No. 1 city for immigrants to become U.S. citizens, study says |newspaper=The Plain Dealer |url=https://www.cleveland.com/news/2019/02/cleveland-is-the-no-1-city-for-immigrants-to-become-us-citizens-study-says.html |date=February 7, 2019 |access-date=July 2, 2019 }}</ref> The city's annual One World Day in Rockefeller Park includes a naturalization ceremony of new immigrants.<ref name="culturalgardens">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Cleveland Cultural Gardens |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History |publisher=Case Western Reserve University |url=https://case.edu/ech/articles/c/cleveland-cultural-gardens |date=January 10, 2022 |access-date=June 7, 2023 }}</ref>