Editing China (section)

==== Qing ====
[[File:Qing Empire circa 1820 EN.svg|The [[Qing conquest of the Ming]] and expansion of the empire|thumb|upright=1.1]]
The Qing dynasty, which lasted from 1644 until 1912, was the last imperial dynasty of China. The [[Transition from Ming to Qing|Ming-Qing transition]] (1618–1683) cost 25 million lives, but the Qing appeared to have restored China's imperial power and inaugurated another flowering of the arts.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roberts |first=John M. |title=A Short History of the World |date=1997 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-1951-1504-X |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=3QZXvUhGwhAC 272]}}</ref> After the [[Southern Ming]] ended, the further conquest of the [[Dzungar Khanate]] added Mongolia, Tibet and Xinjiang to the empire.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fletcher |first=Joseph |title=The Cambridge History of China |date=1978 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-1390-5477-5 |editor-last=John K. Fairbank |editor-link=John King Fairbank |volume=10, Part 1 |page=37 |chapter=Ch'ing Inner Asia c. 1800 |doi=10.1017/CHOL9780521214476.003}}</ref> Meanwhile, China's population growth resumed and shortly began to accelerate. It is commonly agreed that pre-modern China's population experienced two growth spurts, one during the [[Northern Song]] period (960–1127), and other during the Qing period (around 1700–1830).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Deng |first=Kent |url=https://eprints.lse.ac.uk/64492/1/WP219.pdf |title=China's Population Expansion and Its Causes during the Qing Period, 1644–1911 |year=2015 |pages=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309224404/https://eprints.lse.ac.uk/64492/1/WP219.pdf |archive-date=9 March 2024 |url-status=live |access-date=28 August 2023}}</ref> By the [[High Qing era]] China was possibly the most commercialized country in the world, and imperial China experienced a second commercial revolution by the end of the 18th century.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rowe |first=William |title=China's Last Empire – The Great Qing |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=2010 |isbn=9780674054554 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=KN7Awmzx2PAC 123]}}</ref> On the other hand, the centralized autocracy was strengthened in part to suppress [[anti-Qing sentiment]] with the policy of valuing agriculture and restraining commerce, like the ''[[Haijin]]'' during the early Qing period and ideological control as represented by the [[literary inquisition]], causing some social and technological stagnation.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2010 |publisher=九州出版社 |isbn=978-7-5108-0062-7 |pages=104–112 |script-title=zh:中国通史·明清史}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |date=1996 |publisher=花城出版社 |isbn=978-7-5360-2320-8 |page=71 |script-title=zh:中华通史·第十卷}}</ref>