Editing Chestnut (section)

==== Asia ====
Always served as part of the New Year's menu in Japan, chestnuts represent both success and hard times—mastery and strength.<ref name=veg/> The Japanese chestnut (''kuri'') was in cultivation before [[rice]]<ref name=tasteofjapan>[http://www.tasteofjapan.ru/eng/products/fruits/kuri.php Japanese Chestnut] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127231709/http://www.tasteofjapan.ru/eng/products/fruits/kuri.php |date=2014-11-27 }} in Japan House</ref> and the Chinese chestnut (''C. mollissima'') possibly for 2,000 to 6,000 years.<ref name=nzcouncil/>

During British colonial rule in the mid-1700s to 1947, the sweet chestnut, ''C. sativa'', was widely introduced in the temperate parts of the [[Indian subcontinent]], mainly in the lower to middle [[Himalayas]]. They are widely found in British-founded [[hill stations]] in northern [[India]], and to a lesser extent in [[Bhutan]] and [[Nepal]]. They are mainly used as an ornamental tree and are found in almost all British-founded botanical gardens and official governmental compounds (such as larger official residences) in temperate parts of the Indian subcontinent.

China has about 300 chestnut [[cultivar]]s. Moreover, the 'Dandong' chestnut (belonging to the Japanese chestnut ''C. crenata'') is a major [[cultivar]] in [[Liaoning|Liaoning Province]].<ref name=biodiv>[http://www.biodiv.gov.cn/images_biodiv/resources/economic-tree-en.htm Economic forest trees] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090720235128/http://www.biodiv.gov.cn/images_biodiv/resources/economic-tree-en.htm |date=2009-07-20 }}.</ref>

In [[South Korea]], roasted chestnuts (''gunbam'') are a popular winter snack, and serve as a symbol of abundance in ancestral rituals. Roasted chestnuts are also included in [[Traditional music of Korea|folk songs of Korea]], which include [[c:File:Gunbam_Taryeong.wav|"''Gunbam Taryeong''"]], a song that celebrates chestnuts,<ref>{{Cite web |title=군밤타령의 가사 |url=https://academy.gugak.go.kr/dp/pds/HTML5-3-3-4/HTML5-3-3-4-1/index.htm |access-date=8 May 2022}}</ref> as well as "''Jeongseokga''", a song from the [[Goryeo]] period. [[Gongju]], one of [[Baekje]]'s former capitals, is renowned for its chestnuts, with an annual chestnut festival that takes place in the winter. In the ''[[Records of the Three Kingdoms|Samgukji (Records Of The Three Kingdoms)]]'', a book that was compiled during the [[Jin dynasty (266–420)|Jin dynasty]] about the [[Three Kingdoms]], chestnuts are used in the description of Mahan, the former land of Baekje.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service (KOCIS) |first=Korean Culture and Information |title=[Monthly KOREA] Warmth & Sweetness : Korea.net : The official website of the Republic of Korea |url=https://www.korea.net/NewsFocus/Culture/view?articleId=183345 |access-date=2022-05-09 |website=www.korea.net |language=en}}</ref>

In the [[Philippines]], the [[endemic]] ''talakatak'' or Philippine chestnut (''[[Castanopsis philippinensis]]'') is not cultivated commercially, though its nuts are harvested from the wild and consumed locally.<ref name="Fernandez">{{cite news |last1=Fernandez |first1=Rudy A. |title=RP has own kastanias |url=https://www.philstar.com/business/agriculture/2004/12/26/267546/rp-has-own-kastanias |access-date=20 December 2021 |work=PhilStar Global |date=26 December 2004}}</ref><ref name="Tiu">{{cite news |last1=Tiu |first1=Danilo |title=A Philippine Chestnut That Practically Nobody Knows |url=https://www.agriculture.com.ph/2018/01/06/a-philippine-chestnut-that-practically-nobody-knows/ |access-date=20 December 2021 |work=Agriculture Monthly |date=6 January 2018 |archive-date=20 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211220120552/https://www.agriculture.com.ph/2018/01/06/a-philippine-chestnut-that-practically-nobody-knows/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Imported chestnuts (known as ''kastanyas'' in [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]], from [[Spanish language|Spanish]] ''castañas'') are traditionally sold as street food in the Philippines during the [[Christmas in the Philippines|Christmas season]].<ref name="Cordero- Fernando">{{cite book |last1=Cordero- Fernando |first1=Cover Gilda |title=The Culinary Culture of the Philippines |date=1976 |publisher=Bancom Audiovision Corporation |page=195}}</ref><ref name="De Guzman">{{cite book |last1=De Guzman |first1=Virginia Roces |last2=Puyat |first2=Nina Daza |title=The Philippine Cookbook |date=1990 |publisher=Bookmark |isbn=9789711341107 |page=31}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Cruz |first1=Chino L. |title=4 Holiday Food Traditions in the Philippines |url=https://www.yummy.ph/news-trends/holiday-food-traditions-in-the-philippines |access-date=20 December 2021 |work=Yummy.ph |date=25 November 2015}}</ref>