Editing Cataract (section)

===Post-operative===
Nearly every person who undergoes a [[vitrectomy]]—without ever having had cataract surgery—will experience progression of [[nuclear sclerosis]] after the operation.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Almony A, Holekamp NM, Bai F, Shui YB, Beebe D | title = Small-gauge vitrectomy does not protect against nuclear sclerotic cataract | journal = Retina | volume = 32 | issue = 3 | pages = 499–505 | date = March 2012 | pmid = 22392091 | doi = 10.1097/IAE.0b013e31822529cf | s2cid = 31308270 }}</ref> This may be because the native vitreous humor is different from the solutions used to replace the vitreous (vitreous substitutes), such as [[Balanced salt solution#Surgical irrigation solutions|BSS Plus]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kokavec J, Min SH, Tan MH, Gilhotra JS, Newland HS, Durkin SR, Grigg J, Casson RJ | title = Biochemical analysis of the living human vitreous | journal = Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology | volume = 44 | issue = 7 | pages = 597–609 | date = September 2016 | pmid = 26891415 | doi = 10.1111/ceo.12732 | doi-access = free }}</ref> This may also be because the native vitreous humour contains [[ascorbic acid]] which helps neutralize oxidative damage to the lens and because conventional vitreous substitutes do not contain ascorbic acid.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Donati S, Caprani SM, Airaghi G, Vinciguerra R, Bartalena L, Testa F, Mariotti C, Porta G, Simonelli F, Azzolini C | title = Vitreous substitutes: the present and the future | journal = BioMed Research International | volume = 2014 | pages = 351804 | year = 2014 | pmid = 24877085 | pmc = 4024399 | doi = 10.1155/2014/351804 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Shui YB, Holekamp NM, Kramer BC, Crowley JR, Wilkins MA, Chu F, Malone PE, Mangers SJ, Hou JH, Siegfried CJ, Beebe DC | title = The gel state of the vitreous and ascorbate-dependent oxygen consumption: relationship to the etiology of nuclear cataracts | journal = Archives of Ophthalmology | volume = 127 | issue = 4 | pages = 475–482 | date = April 2009 | pmid = 19365028 | pmc = 2683478 | doi = 10.1001/archophthalmol.2008.621 }}</ref> Accordingly, for phakic patients requiring a vitrectomy it is becoming increasingly common for ophthalmologists to offer the vitrectomy combined with prophylactic [[cataract surgery]] to prevent cataract formation.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Jalil A, Steeples L, Subramani S, Bindra MS, Dhawahir-Scala F, Patton N | title = Microincision cataract surgery combined with vitrectomy: a case series | journal = Eye | volume = 28 | issue = 4 | pages = 386–389 | date = April 2014 | pmid = 24406418 | pmc = 3983625 | doi = 10.1038/eye.2013.300 }}</ref>