Editing Carlisle (section)

==Geography==
Carlisle is situated on a slight rise, in the [[Cumberland (ward)|Cumberland Ward]], at the confluence of the rivers [[River Eden, Cumbria|Eden]], [[River Caldew|Caldew]] and [[River Petteril|Petteril]].

An important centre for trade, it is located {{cvt|56|mi}} west of [[Newcastle upon Tyne]], {{cvt|71|mi}} north of [[Lancaster, Lancashire|Lancaster]], {{cvt|90|mi}} south-east of [[Glasgow]], {{cvt|93|mi}} south of [[Edinburgh]], {{cvt|120|mi}} north-west of [[York]], and {{cvt|300|mi}} north-north-west of [[London]]. Nearby towns and villages include [[Longtown, Cumbria|Longtown]] (north), [[Penrith, Cumbria|Penrith]] (south), [[Brampton, Carlisle, Cumbria|Brampton]] (east), [[Wigton]] (west), Haggbeck, [[Harker, Cumbria|Harker]], Carwinley, [[Blackford, Cumbria|Blackford]], Houghton, [[Scotby]], [[Wreay]] and [[Rockcliffe, Cumbria|Rockcliffe]].
{{Geographic location
| title     = '''Destinations from Carlisle'''
| Northwest = [[Lockerbie]], [[Dumfries]], '''[[Glasgow]]'''
| North     = [[Longtown, Cumbria|Longtown]], [[Langholm]], [[Galashiels]], '''[[Edinburgh]]'''
| Northeast = [[Jedburgh]], [[Berwick-upon-Tweed]]
| West      = [[Wigton]], '''[[Belfast]]'''
| Centre    = Carlisle
| East      = [[Brampton, Carlisle|Brampton]], [[Hexham]], '''[[Newcastle upon Tyne]]'''
| Southwest = [[Keswick, Cumbria|Keswick]], [[Workington]], [[Whitehaven]]
| South     = [[Penrith, Cumbria|Penrith]], [[Kendal]], [[Lancaster, Lancashire|Lancaster]]
| Southeast = [[Alston, Cumbria|Alston]], '''[[York]]'''
}}

===Climate===
Carlisle experiences an [[oceanic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Cfb''). In January 2005 Carlisle was hit by strong gales and heavy rain, and on Saturday 8 January 2005 all roads into Carlisle were closed owing to severe [[flood]]ing, the worst since 1822, which caused three deaths.<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 January 2005 |title=Carlisle 'cut off' by flood water |work=[[BBC]] News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/cumbria/4157381.stm |access-date=31 December 2009 |archive-date=28 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428053812/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/cumbria/4157381.stm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4156017.stm "Floods leave homes without power"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080124050806/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4156017.stm |date=24 January 2008 }} at BBC News – 8 January 2005, 23:31 UTC</ref> Even worse flooding than in 2005 affected Carlisle between 4 and 6 December 2015. During this time, nearly 36 hours of incessant rainfall breached flood defences and left several areas submerged – including Bitts Park, Hardwicke Circus and Warwick Road. This left the Sands Centre (and the nearby Shell petrol station and Bitts Park), marooned from the rest of the city. As several other areas of Cumbria were also badly affected (particularly Appleby and Wigton), all trains to Scotland were postponed indefinitely, with trains on the West Coast Mainline going no further than Preston, as nearby Lancaster suffered flooding and problems with electricity supply. Prime Minister [[David Cameron]] visited the city on 7 December 2015 to assess the damage, having earlier called an emergency Cobra meeting.{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}
{{Weather box
|location = Carlisle{{efn|Weather station is located {{cvt|3|mi|1|abbr=out}} from the Carlisle city centre.}}<br>[[Location identifier#WMO station identifiers|WMO ID]]: 03220; coordinates {{coord|54.93436|N|2.96364|W|type:landmark_region:GB|name=Met Office Carlisle|format=dms}}; elevation: {{cvt|28|m|ft|0}}, 1991–2020 normals
| collapsed = 
| metric first = y
| single line = y
| Jan record high C = 14.7
| Feb record high C = 16.0
| Mar record high C = 19.7
| Apr record high C = 25.2
| May record high C = 28.1
| Jun record high C = 30.4
| Jul record high C = 34.5
| Aug record high C = 33.2
| Sep record high C = 29.5
| Oct record high C = 23.5
| Nov record high C = 18.2
| Dec record high C = 15.3
| Jan avg record high C = 12.0
| Feb avg record high C = 12.0
| Mar avg record high C = 14.5
| Apr avg record high C = 18.4
| May avg record high C = 22.9
| Jun avg record high C = 24.8
| Jul avg record high C = 26.2
| Aug avg record high C = 24.6
| Sep avg record high C = 22.5
| Oct avg record high C = 18.3
| Nov avg record high C = 14.6
| Dec avg record high C = 12.5
| year avg record high C = 27.8
| Jan high C = 7.2
| Feb high C = 7.8
| Mar high C = 9.7
| Apr high C = 12.5
| May high C = 15.6
| Jun high C = 18.1
| Jul high C = 19.8
| Aug high C = 19.3
| Sep high C = 17.2
| Oct high C = 13.6
| Nov high C = 10.0
| Dec high C = 7.4
| year high C = 13.2
| Jan mean C = 4.6
| Feb mean C = 4.9
| Mar mean C = 6.4
| Apr mean C = 8.6
| May mean C = 11.1
| Jun mean C = 14.1
| Jul mean C = 15.9
| Aug mean C = 15.6
| Sep mean C = 13.5
| Oct mean C = 10.3
| Nov mean C = 7.1
| Dec mean C = 4.6
| year mean C = 
| Jan low C = 1.9
| Feb low C = 1.9
| Mar low C = 3.0
| Apr low C = 4.7
| May low C = 7.1
| Jun low C = 10.0
| Jul low C = 11.9
| Aug low C = 11.7
| Sep low C = 9.8
| Oct low C = 7.0
| Nov low C = 4.1
| Dec low C = 1.8
| year low C = 6.3
| Jan avg record low C = -4.3
| Feb avg record low C = -3.9
| Mar avg record low C = -2.9
| Apr avg record low C = -1.2
| May avg record low C = 0.9
| Jun avg record low C = 4.8
| Jul avg record low C = 7.1
| Aug avg record low C = 6.0
| Sep avg record low C = 3.6
| Oct avg record low C = -0.1
| Nov avg record low C = -2.6
| Dec avg record low C = -5.6
| year avg record low C = -6.8
| Jan record low C = -13.5
| Feb record low C = -14.9
| Mar record low C = -10.7
| Apr record low C = -4.8
| May record low C = -1.6
| Jun record low C = 1.7
| Jul record low C = 3.4
| Aug record low C = 2.9
| Sep record low C = 0.6
| Oct record low C = -4.1
| Nov record low C = -9.2
| Dec record low C = -14.7
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 81.3
| Feb precipitation mm = 69.4
| Mar precipitation mm = 62.3
| Apr precipitation mm = 49.2
| May precipitation mm = 57.4
| Jun precipitation mm = 70.5
| Jul precipitation mm = 80.6
| Aug precipitation mm = 89.0
| Sep precipitation mm = 77.8
| Oct precipitation mm = 97.9
| Nov precipitation mm = 85.3
| Dec precipitation mm = 98.1
| year precipitation mm = 
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 14.1
| Feb precipitation days = 11.6
| Mar precipitation days = 11.7
| Apr precipitation days = 11.0
| May precipitation days = 10.7
| Jun precipitation days = 11.5
| Jul precipitation days = 12.8
| Aug precipitation days = 12.9
| Sep precipitation days = 12.0
| Oct precipitation days = 14.5
| Nov precipitation days = 14.7
| Dec precipitation days = 15.2
| year precipitation days = 
| Jan sun = 53.6
| Feb sun = 74.8
| Mar sun = 108.5
| Apr sun = 156.9
| May sun = 197.5
| Jun sun = 181.0
| Jul sun = 165.6
| Aug sun = 163.2
| Sep sun = 126.9
| Oct sun = 90.3
| Nov sun = 59.3
| Dec sun = 43.4
| year sun = 
| Jan uv = 0
| Feb uv = 1
| Mar uv = 2
| Apr uv = 3
| May uv = 5
| Jun uv = 6
| Jul uv = 6
| Aug uv = 5
| Sep uv = 3
| Oct uv = 2
| Nov uv = 1
| Dec uv = 0
| source 1 = [[Met Office]]<ref name="Met Averages">{{cite web |url=https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/uk-climate-averages/gcvbs84rv |title=Carlisle 1991–2020 averages |access-date=10 January 2022 |publisher=Met Office |archive-date=29 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029171804/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/uk-climate-averages/gcvbs84rv |url-status=live }}</ref> Infoclimat <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie/annee/1991/carlisle/valeurs/03220.html|title=Climatologie de l'année à Carlisle|publisher=Infoclimat|language=fr|accessdate=9 September 2023}}</ref>
| source 2 = WeatherAtlas<ref name="Weather-Atlas">{{cite web |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/united-kingdom/carlisle-climate#uv_index |title=Monthly weather forecast and Climate – Nottingham, United Kingdom |access-date=21 September 2019 |publisher=Weather Atlas |archive-date=18 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118183430/https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/united-kingdom/carlisle-climate#uv_index |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}

===Divisions and suburbs===
[[File:Warwick Road, Carlisle - geograph.org.uk - 196319.jpg|thumb|Warwick Road serves as one of the main routes into the centre of Carlisle.]]
In the north of Carlisle are the suburbs of Kingstown, Lowry Hill and Moorville, formerly part of the parish of Kingmoor. To the south of them are [[Stanwix]], Edentown, Etterby, St Ann's Hill and Belah which were added to Carlisle in 1912. The parish of [[Stanwix Rural]] exists but only includes a small part of Carlisle's urban area, [[Whiteclosegate]].

To the immediate south of Stanwix is the River Eden. On the opposite bank is the city centre bounded on the west by the West Coast Main Railway line and the River Caldew. In the past industry flourished on the banks of the River Caldew, especially [[Denton Holme]] and Caldewgate on the west bank and Wapping, around the former Metal Box works, on the east. West of Caldewgate and north of Denton Holme the suburbs of Newtown, Morton, Sandsfield Park, Longsowerby, [[Raffles, Cumbria|Raffles]] and [[Belle Vue, Cumbria|Belle Vue]] developed in the late 19th and 20th centuries.

The eastern side of the city centre developed in the 19th century into a more affluent area along the main [[A69 road (Great Britain)|A69 road]]. It links with the former village of [[Botcherby]] to which a large council estate was added in the mid-20th century and later still Durranhill Housing Estate.

South of the city centre is the Botchergate/St Nicholas area of late Victorian terraced housing similar to that found in Denton Holme and Caldewgate. The Botchergate East area until recently had older slum dwellings.

To the south west of Botchergate and St Nicholas are the former villages now suburbs of [[Upperby]] and [[Currock]]. The urban area spills over the former county borough boundary into [[Blackwell, Carlisle|Blackwell]] and [[Durdar]] in the civil parish of [[St Cuthbert Without]].

Between Upperby and Botcherby is Harraby, a former village once part of St Cuthbert Without and the largest suburb of Carlisle. Harraby is subdivided into Harraby East, New Harraby, Harraby Green, Old Harraby, Petteril Bank and the Durranhill Industrial Estate. Adjoining Harraby to the south but outside the former borough boundary is the hamlet of [[Carleton, Carlisle|Carleton]].