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===Pediatric cardiology=== [[File:Heart tetralogy fallot.svg|thumb|Tetralogy of Fallot]] [[Helen B. Taussig]] is known as the founder of pediatric cardiology. She became famous through her work with [[Tetralogy of Fallot|Tetralogy]] congenital heart defect in which [[Oxygenated blood|oxygenated and deoxygenated blood]] enters the circulatory system resulting from a [[ventricular septal defect]] (VSD) right beneath the aorta. This condition causes newborns to have a bluish-tint, [[cyanosis]], and have a deficiency of oxygen to their tissues, [[hypoxemia]]. She worked with [[Alfred Blalock]] and [[Vivien Thomas]] at the [[Johns Hopkins Hospital]] where they experimented with dogs to look at how they would attempt to surgically cure these "blue babies". They eventually figured out how to do just that by the [[anastomosis]] of the systemic artery to the pulmonary artery and called this the [[Blalock–Taussig shunt|Blalock-Taussig Shunt]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Murphy|first=Anne M.|date=2008-07-16|title=The Blalock-Taussig-Thomas Collaboration|journal=JAMA|volume=300|issue=3|doi=10.1001/jama.300.3.328|issn=0098-7484|pages=328–30|pmid=18632547|doi-access=free}}</ref> [[Tetralogy of Fallot]], [[pulmonary atresia]], [[double outlet right ventricle]], [[Transposition of the Great Arteries|transposition of the great arteries]], [[persistent truncus arteriosus]], and [[Ebstein's anomaly]] are various congenital cyanotic heart diseases, in which the [[blood]] of the newborn is not oxygenated efficiently, due to the heart defect.
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