Editing Carcinogen (section)

== Occupational carcinogens ==
Given that populations of workers are more likely to have consistent, often high level exposures to chemicals rarely encountered in normal life, much of the evidence for the carcinogenicity of specific agents is derived from studies of workers.<ref name=":5" />

<u>Selected carcinogens</u>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Carcinogen !! Associated cancer sites or types !! Occupational uses or sources
|-
! [[Arsenic]] and its compounds
|
* [[Lung]]
* [[Skin]]
* [[Hemangiosarcoma]]
|
* [[Smelting]] byproduct
* Component of:
**Alloys
**Electrical and [[semiconductor]] devices
**Medications (e.g. [[melarsoprol]])
**Herbicides
**Fungicides
**Animal dips
**Drinking water from contaminated aquifers.
|-
! [[Asbestos]]
|
* [[Lung cancer|Lungs]]
* [[Asbestosis]]
* [[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal tract]]
* [[Pleural]] mesothelioma
* [[Peritoneal mesothelioma]]
|
Not in widespread use, but found in:
* Constructions
**Roofing papers
**Floor tiles
* Fire-resistant textiles
* Friction linings (brake pads) (only outside Europe)
** Replacement friction linings for automobiles still may contain asbestos
|-
! [[Benzene]]
|
* [[Leukemia]]
* [[Hodgkin's lymphoma]]
|
* Light [[fuel oil]]
* Former use as [[solvent]]
* [[commodity chemical]]
|-
! [[Beryllium]] and its compounds<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Beyersmann D, Hartwig A |date=August 2008 |title=Carcinogenic metal compounds: recent insight into molecular and cellular mechanisms |journal=Archives of Toxicology |volume=82 |issue=8 |pages=493–512 |doi=10.1007/s00204-008-0313-y |pmid=18496671 |bibcode=2008ArTox..82..493B |s2cid=25513051}}</ref>
|
* Lung
|
* Lightweight alloys
**Aerospace applications
**Nuclear reactors
|-
! [[Cadmium]] and its compounds<ref>{{cite book |title=Cadmium: From Toxicity to Essentiality |vauthors=Hartwig A |publisher=Springer |year=2013 |isbn=978-94-007-5178-1 |veditors=Sigel A, Sigel H, Sigel RK |series=Metal Ions in Life Sciences |volume=11 |pages=491–507 |chapter=Cadmium and Cancer |doi=10.1007/978-94-007-5179-8_15 |pmid=23430782}}</ref>
|
* [[Prostate cancer|Prostate]]
|
* Yellow pigments
* [[Phosphor]]s
* [[Solder]]s
* Batteries
* Metal paintings and coatings
|-
! Hexavalent [[chromium]](VI) compounds
|
* Lung
|
* Paints
* Pigments
* Preservatives
|-
! [[Nitrosamine]]s<ref name="Tricker">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tricker AR, Preussmann R |year=1991 |title=Carcinogenic N-nitrosamines in the diet: occurrence, formation, mechanisms and carcinogenic potential |journal=Mutation Research |volume=259 |issue=3–4 |pages=277–289 |doi=10.1016/0165-1218(91)90123-4 |pmid=2017213}}</ref>
|
* Lung
* Esophagus
* Liver
|
* [[cigarette smoke]] 
*[[nitrite]]-treated foods (cured meats)
|-
! [[Ethylene oxide]]
|
* Leukemia
|
* [[commodity chemical]]
* [[Sterilant]] for hospital equipment
|-
! [[Nickel]]
|
* [[Nose]]
* Lung
|
* Nickel plating
* Ferrous alloys
* Ceramics
* Batteries
* Stainless-steel welding byproduct
|-
! [[Radon]] and its decay products
|
* Lung
|
* Uranium decay
**Quarries and mines
**Cellars and poorly ventilated places
|-
! [[Vinyl chloride]]
|
* Hemangiosarcoma
* [[liver cancer|Liver]]
|
* Production of [[polyvinyl chloride]]
|-
! Shift work that involves
[[circadian]] disruption<ref name="IARC180">{{Cite web |title=IARC Monographs Programme finds cancer hazards associated with shiftwork, painting and firefighting, International Agency for Research on Cancer |url=http://www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/pr/2007/pr180.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721001355/http://www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/pr/2007/pr180.html |archive-date=2011-07-21 |access-date=2011-07-01}}</ref>
|
* [[breast cancer|Breast]]
|
|-
! Involuntary smoking ([[Passive smoking]])<ref>{{cite book |url=http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol83/ |title=Tobacco Smoke and Involuntary Smoking |date=2004 |publisher=International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization |series=IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans |volume=83 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315135351/http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol83/ |archive-date=2015-03-15}}</ref>
|
* Lung
|
|-

! [[Radium-226]], [[Radium-224]],<br /> [[Plutonium-238]], [[Plutonium-239]]<ref name="Durbin75">{{cite conference|title=Survival, causes of death, and estimated tissue doses in a group of human beings injected with plutonium |url=http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/servlets/purl/4136654-rOiaqY/4136654.pdf |first1=R. E. |last1=Rowland |first2=Patricia W. |last2=Durbin |year=1975 |conference=Workshop on the biological effects and toxicity of Pu 239 and Ra 226}}</ref><br /> and other [[alpha particle]]<br /> emitters with high atomic weight
|
* [[Bone cancer|Bone]] (they are [[bone seeker]]s)
* [[Liver cancer|Liver]]
|
* [[Nuclear fuel]] processing
* [[Radium dial]] manufacturing
|-

| col span="3" | <small>Unless otherwise specified, ref is:<ref name="Kumar6-2">{{cite book |title=Robbins Basic Pathology |vauthors=Mitchell RS, Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N |publisher=Saunders |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-4160-2973-1 |edition=8th |location=Philadelphia |quote=Table 6-2}}</ref></small>
|}

=== Others ===
* [[Gasoline]] (contains aromatics)
* [[Lead]] and its compounds
* [[Alkylating antineoplastic agent]]s (e.g., [[mechlorethamine]])
*[[Styrene]]
*Other [[alkylating agent]]s (e.g., [[dimethyl sulfate]])
* [[Ultraviolet radiation]] from the sun and UV lamps
* Other [[ionizing radiation]] (X-rays, gamma rays, etc.)
* Low refining or unrefined [[mineral oil]]s