Editing Bournemouth (section)

==Geography==
[[File:Bournemouth 02.JPG|thumb|left|Bournemouth Beach and [[Boscombe]] Pier]]
Bournemouth is about {{convert|94|mi|km|0}} southwest of London.<ref>Straight line distances from:{{cite web |url=http://www.daftlogic.com/projects-google-maps-distance-calculator.htm |title=Google Maps Distance Calculator |author=Daft Logic |access-date=30 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100726200056/http://www.daftlogic.com/projects-google-maps-distance-calculator.htm |archive-date=26 July 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref> The town borders the neighbouring towns of Poole and Christchurch to the west and east respectively. [[Poole Bay]] lies to the south.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://archive.defra.gov.uk/evidence/statistics/rural/rural-atlas/atlas-maps/107.jpg| title = Rural Atlas| work = Disadvantaged Districts| publisher = Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs| access-date = 27 November 2012| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110830010801/http://archive.defra.gov.uk/evidence/statistics/rural/rural-atlas/atlas-maps/107.jpg| archive-date = 30 August 2011| df = dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=WP>{{cite web| url = http://www.bournemouth.gov.uk/ChildrenEducation/InformationforParentsCarers/EarlyYears/AppendixA.pdf| title = A picture of Bournemouth – Overview| work = Wards and ward profiles| page = 3| publisher = Bournemouth Borough Council| access-date = 27 November 2012| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131003103023/http://www.bournemouth.gov.uk/ChildrenEducation/InformationforParentsCarers/EarlyYears/AppendixA.pdf| archive-date = 3 October 2013| df = dmy-all}}</ref> The [[River Stour, Dorset|River Stour]] forms a natural boundary to the north and east, terminating at [[Christchurch Harbour]];<ref name="WP"/><ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.england-in-particular.info/rivers/rs-bourn.html| title =River Path| work =The Stour in Bournemouth| author =Stuart Clarke| publisher =England in Particular| access-date =27 November 2012| url-status =usurped| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120216160131/http://www.england-in-particular.info/rivers/rs-bourn.html| archive-date =16 February 2012| df =dmy-all}}</ref> while the [[River Bourne, Dorset|River Bourne]] rises in Poole and flows through the middle of Bournemouth town centre, into the English Channel.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.bournestreampartnership.org.uk/about_the_bourne_stream.htm| title = About the Bourne Stream| year = 2012| publisher = Bourne Stream Partnership| access-date = 5 September 2013| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130807214947/http://bournestreampartnership.org.uk/about_the_bourne_stream.htm| archive-date = 7 August 2013| url-status = live}}</ref> The towns of Poole, Bournemouth and Christchurch form the [[South East Dorset conurbation]] with a combined population of over 400,000. Bournemouth is both a retail and commercial centre.<ref name=SED2>{{cite web|url=http://www.dorsetforyou.com/media.jsp?mediaid=90980&filetype=pdf |title=Final First Detailed Proposals for RSS Sub-Regional Policies for South East Dorset. |work=South East Dorset Joint Study Area Reports |page=2 |date=November 2005 |publisher=Bournemouth, Poole and Dorset County Councils |access-date=18 November 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001200539/http://www.dorsetforyou.com/media.jsp?mediaid=90980&filetype=pdf |archive-date=1 October 2011 }}</ref> Areas within Bournemouth include: [[Boscombe]], [[Kinson]], [[Southbourne, Dorset|Southbourne]], [[Springbourne]], [[Throop, Dorset|Throop]], [[Westbourne, Dorset|Westbourne]], [[Winton, Dorset|Winton]] and [[Pokesdown]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.bournemouth.gov.uk/ChildrenEducation/InformationforParentsCarers/EarlyYears/AppendixA.pdf| title = A picture of Bournemouth – Overview| work = Wards and ward profiles| page = 2| publisher = Bournemouth Borough Council| access-date = 7 September 2013| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131003103023/http://www.bournemouth.gov.uk/ChildrenEducation/InformationforParentsCarers/EarlyYears/AppendixA.pdf| archive-date = 3 October 2013| df = dmy-all}}</ref>

The area's geology has little variety, comprising almost entirely of [[Eocene]] clays which, prior to urbanisation, supported a heathland environment.<ref name="Geology of Britain Viewer">{{cite web |url=http://www.bgs.ac.uk/discoveringGeology/geologyOfBritain/viewer.html |title=Geology of Britain Viewer |publisher=[[British Geological Survey]] |access-date=27 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116132128/http://maps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyviewer_google/googleviewer.html |archive-date=16 January 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=R.|last=Wightman |title=Portrait of Dorset|year=1983|pages=22–25|publisher= Robert Hale |location=London|isbn=0-7090-0844-9}}</ref> Patches of the original heath still remain, notably Turbary Common, a {{convert|36|ha|acre sqmi km2|adj=on}} site, much of which is designated a [[Site of Special Scientific Interest]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dorsetforyou.com/346216|title=Turbary Common|year=2011|publisher=Dorset For You|access-date=29 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120905020201/http://www.dorsetforyou.com/346216|archive-date=5 September 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> This heathland habitat is home to all six species of native reptile, the [[Dartford warbler]] and some important flora such as [[sundew]] and [[bog asphodel]]. Small populations of [[Exmoor pony]] and [[Shetland cattle]] help to maintain the area.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bournemouth.gov.uk/LeisureCultureLibraries/Parks/Bournemouths-Countryside/LocalNatureReserves/TurbaryCommonLocalNatureReserve.aspx|title=Turbary Common Local Nature Reserve|year=2011|publisher=Bournemouth Borough Council|access-date=29 November 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120909030137/http://www.bournemouth.gov.uk/LeisureCultureLibraries/Parks/Bournemouths-Countryside/LocalNatureReserves/TurbaryCommonLocalNatureReserve.aspx|archive-date=9 September 2012}}</ref>
Bournemouth is directly north of [[Old Harry Rocks]], the easternmost end of the [[Jurassic Coast]], {{convert|155|km|order=flip}} of coastline designated a [[World Heritage Site]] in 2001.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=31&id_site=1029 | year = 2001 | title = Dorset and East Devon Coast | format = web page | publisher = UNESCO World Heritage Centre | access-date = 16 March 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121024084244/http://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=31&id_site=1029 | archive-date = 24 October 2012 | url-status = live }}</ref> Bournemouth's own coastline stretches from Sandbanks to Christchurch Harbour and comprises mainly sandy beaches backed by gravel and sandy clay cliffs. These cliffs are cut by a number of [[chine]]s which provide natural access to the shore.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.twobays.net/pdf/Bournemouth%20Seafront%20Strategy.pdf| title = Seafront Strategy 2007–2011| page = 10| publisher = Bournemouth Borough Council| access-date = 7 September 2013| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131109010058/http://www.twobays.net/pdf/Bournemouth%20Seafront%20Strategy.pdf| archive-date = 9 November 2013| url-status = live}}</ref> At the easternmost point lies Hengistbury Head, a narrow peninsula that forms the southern shore of [[Christchurch Harbour]]. It is a local nature reserve and the site of a [[Bronze Age]] settlement.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.twobays.net/pdf/Hengistbury%20Head%20Management%20Plan%20October%202005.pdf| title = Hengistbury Head Management Plan| pages = 15 & 27| year = 2005| publisher = Bournemouth Borough Council| access-date = 4 December 2012| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131109010053/http://www.twobays.net/pdf/Hengistbury%20Head%20Management%20Plan%20October%202005.pdf| archive-date = 9 November 2013| url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=458641| title = Hengistbury Head and its Antiquities| work = Pastscape| year = 2005| publisher = English Heritage| access-date = 4 December 2012| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131109005954/http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=458641| archive-date = 9 November 2013| url-status = live}}</ref>

===Climate===
Like all of the UK, Bournemouth has a [[temperate]] [[oceanic climate]] with moderate variation in annual and daily temperatures, mild summers, and cool winters. From 1991 to 2020 the annual mean temperature was {{convert|10|to|11|C|F}}.<ref name="annualmean">{{cite web | year = 2010 | url = https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/uk-climate-averages/gcn8yhpc1 | title = Mean Temperature Annual Average | publisher = [[Met Office]] | access-date = 17 December 2021}}</ref> The warmest months are July and August, which have an average temperature range of {{convert|12|to|22|C|F}}, while the coolest months are January and February, which have an average temperature range of {{convert|2|to|9|C|F}}.<ref name=HCA1/><ref name="HCA2">{{cite web |title=Bournemouth Airport (United Kingdom) |url=https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?lang=en&ind=03862&ano=2014&mes=11&day=31&hora=2&min=0&ndays=31 |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=ogimet.com}}</ref> Average rainfall in Bournemouth is around {{convert|875|mm|order=flip}} annually, well below the national average of {{convert|1163|mm|order=flip||}}. It records both higher and lower temperatures than would be expected for its coastal location.<ref name="rainmap">{{cite web | year = 2010 | url = http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/pub/data/weather/uk/climate/averages/maps/uk/8110_1km/Rainfall_Average_1981-2010_17.gif | title = Mean Annual Rainfall Average | publisher = [[Met Office]] | access-date = 25 August 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130928112348/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/pub/data/weather/uk/climate/averages/maps/uk/8110_1km/Rainfall_Average_1981-2010_17.gif | archive-date = 28 September 2013 | url-status = live }}</ref> Since 1960, temperature extremes as measured at Bournemouth Hurn Airport have ranged from {{convert|34.1|C|F}} in August 1990,<ref>{{cite web | publisher = [[KNMI (institute)|KNMI]] | url = http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=14&year=1990&indexid=TXx&stationid=1867 | title = 1990 temperature | access-date = 25 August 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130927020641/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=14&year=1990&indexid=TXx&stationid=1867 | archive-date = 27 September 2013 | url-status = live }}</ref> down to {{convert|-13.4|C|F}} in January 1963.<ref>{{cite web | publisher = [[KNMI (institute)|KNMI]] | url = http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=7&year=1963&indexid=TNn&stationid=2133 | title = 1963 temperature | access-date = 25 August 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130927020643/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=7&year=1963&indexid=TNn&stationid=2133 | archive-date = 27 September 2013 | url-status = live }}</ref> The lowest temperature recorded in recent years was {{convert|-10.4|C|F}} in December 2010.<ref>{{cite web | publisher = [[UKMO]] | url = http://metofficenews.wordpress.com/2010/12/26/heavy-snow-before-less-cold-air-arrives/ | title = 2010 temperature | date = 26 December 2010 | access-date = 25 August 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131002233206/http://metofficenews.wordpress.com/2010/12/26/heavy-snow-before-less-cold-air-arrives/ | archive-date = 2 October 2013 | url-status = live }}</ref> The February and winter month record high was broken in 2019, with a temperature of {{convert|17.8|C|F}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?lang=en&ind=03862&ndays=30&ano=2019&mes=02&day=26&hora=12&ord=REV&Send=Send|title=Synop Report - Bournemouth Airport February 2019}}</ref>

{{Weather box|location = [[Bournemouth Airport|Bournemouth Hurn]] {{convert|10|m|abbr=off|order=flip}} [[Above sea level|asl]], 1991–2020,{{efn|In accordance with World Meteorological Organization (WMO) recommendations, the Met Office maintains long-term averages of the UK climate, based on standard 30-year periods. The latest 30-year period is for 1991–2020.}} Extremes 1960–
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high C = 14.7
|Feb record high C = 17.8
|Mar record high C = 21.0
|Apr record high C = 25.0
|May record high C = 28.5
|Jun record high C = 33.8
|Jul record high C = 33.9
|Aug record high C = 34.1
|Sep record high C = 29.6
|Oct record high C = 25.2
|Nov record high C = 19.8
|Dec record high C = 16.0
|year record high C = 34.1
|Jan avg record high C = 12.8
|Feb avg record high C = 13.4
|Mar avg record high C = 16.1
|Apr avg record high C = 20.2
|May avg record high C = 24.2
|Jun avg record high C = 26.5
|Jul avg record high C = 28.2
|Aug avg record high C = 27.6
|Sep avg record high C = 24.1
|Oct avg record high C = 19.8
|Nov avg record high C = 16.1
|Dec avg record high C = 13.5
|year avg record high C = 29.4
|Jan high C = 8.7
|Feb high C = 9.1
|Mar high C = 11.4
|Apr high C = 14.2
|May high C = 17.4
|Jun high C = 20.1
|Jul high C = 22.2
|Aug high C = 22.0
|Sep high C = 19.6
|Oct high C = 15.6
|Nov high C = 11.8
|Dec high C = 9.2
|year high C = 15.1
|Jan mean C = 5.3
|Feb mean C = 5.4
|Mar mean C = 7.1
|Apr mean C = 9.3
|May mean C = 12.4
|Jun mean C = 15.2
|Jul mean C = 17.2
|Aug mean C = 17.0
|Sep mean C = 14.6
|Oct mean C = 11.5
|Nov mean C = 8.0
|Dec mean C = 5.6
|Year mean C =
|Jan low C = 1.8
|Feb low C = 1.6
|Mar low C = 2.8
|Apr low C = 4.3
|May low C = 7.3
|Jun low C = 10.2
|Jul low C = 12.1
|Aug low C = 12.0
|Sep low C = 9.6
|Oct low C = 7.4
|Nov low C = 4.1
|Dec low C = 2.0
|year low C = 6.3
|Jan avg record low C = -6.4
|Feb avg record low C = -5.6
|Mar avg record low C = -4.1
|Apr avg record low C = -2.7
|May avg record low C = 0.2
|Jun avg record low C = 4.2
|Jul avg record low C = 6.8
|Aug avg record low C = 5.6
|Sep avg record low C = 2.7
|Oct avg record low C = -1.2
|Nov avg record low C = -3.5
|Dec avg record low C = -5.6
|year avg record low C = -7.9
|Jan record low C = -13.4
|Feb record low C = −10.9
|Mar record low C = −10.2
|Apr record low C = −5.7
|May record low C = -3.6
|Jun record low C = 0.4
|Jul record low C = 2.6
|Aug record low C = 2.1
|Sep record low C = -1.4
|Oct record low C = -6.4
|Nov record low C = −9.6
|Dec record low C = −10.5
|year record low C = −13.4
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 96.0
|Feb precipitation mm = 67.2
|Mar precipitation mm = 62.4
|Apr precipitation mm = 57.9
|May precipitation mm = 49.0
|Jun precipitation mm = 53.4
|Jul precipitation mm = 49.5
|Aug precipitation mm = 59.6
|Sep precipitation mm = 69.3
|Oct precipitation mm = 100.7
|Nov precipitation mm = 107.6
|Dec precipitation mm = 104.2
|year precipitation mm = 876.7
|Jan precipitation days = 13.3
|Feb precipitation days = 10.7
|Mar precipitation days = 10.1
|Apr precipitation days = 9.5
|May precipitation days = 8.2
|Jun precipitation days = 8.0
|Jul precipitation days = 8.0
|Aug precipitation days = 8.1
|Sep precipitation days = 9.5
|Oct precipitation days = 12.7
|Nov precipitation days = 13.6
|Dec precipitation days = 13.5
|year precipitation days = 125.3
|Jan sun = 67.2
|Feb sun = 83.7
|Mar sun = 127.5
|Apr sun = 187.9
|May sun = 222.7
|Jun sun = 230.4
|Jul sun = 234.3
|Aug sun = 208.5
|Sep sun = 163.5
|Oct sun = 113.0
|Nov sun = 78.9
|Dec sun = 61.1
|year sun = 1778.8
|source 1 = [[Met Office]]<ref name=HCA1>{{cite web
  | url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/hurn#?tab=climateTables
  | title=Hurn Climatic Averages 1991–2020
  | publisher=Met Office
  | access-date=17 December 2021
|date=December 2021}}</ref>
  |source 2 = Infoclimat <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie/annee/1991/bournemouth/valeurs/03862.html|title=Climatologie de l'année à Bournemouth|publisher=Infoclimat|language=fr|access-date=1 October 2023}}</ref>
|date=October 2018}}

{| class="wikitable centered" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|+Average sea temperature<ref>[http://www.seatemperature.org/europe/united-kingdom/bournemouth-january.htm Bournemouth average sea temperature] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706094526/http://www.seatemperature.org/europe/united-kingdom/bournemouth-january.htm |date=6 July 2015 }} - seatemperature.org</ref>
|-
!Jan
!Feb
!Mar
!Apr
!May
!Jun
!Jul
!Aug
!Sep
!Oct
!Nov
!Dec
!Year
|-
| style="background:#9ff; color:black;"|<small>{{convert|9.6|°C|°F|abbr=on}}</small>
| style="background:#9ff; color:black;"|<small>{{convert|9.1|°C|°F|abbr=on}}</small>
| style="background:#9ff; color:black;"|<small>{{convert|8.7|°C|°F|abbr=on}}</small>
| style="background:#9ff; color:black;"|<small>{{convert|9.9|°C|°F|abbr=on}}</small>
| style="background:#9fc; color:black;"|<small>{{convert|11.4|°C|°F|abbr=on}}</small>
| style="background:#cf9; color:black;"|<small>{{convert|13.4|°C|°F|abbr=on}}</small>
| style="background:#ff9; color:black;"|<small>{{convert|15.2|°C|°F|abbr=on}}</small>
| style="background:#ff9; color:black;"|<small>{{convert|16.6|°C|°F|abbr=on}}</small>
| style="background:#ff6; color:black;"|<small>{{convert|17.3|°C|°F|abbr=on}}</small>
| style="background:#ff9; color:black;"|<small>{{convert|16.2|°C|°F|abbr=on}}</small>
| style="background:#cf9; color:black;"|<small>{{convert|14.3|°C|°F|abbr=on}}</small>
| style="background:#9fc; color:black;"|<small>{{convert|11.8|°C|°F|abbr=on}}</small>
| style="background:#9fc; color:black;"|<small>{{convert|12.8|°C|°F|abbr=on}}</small>
|}

=== Green belt ===
{{main|South West Hampshire/South East Dorset Green Belt}}
Bournemouth lies at the centre of a [[Green belt (United Kingdom)|green belt]] region that extends into the wider surrounding counties. It is in place to reduce [[urban sprawl]], prevent the towns in the South East Dorset conurbation from further convergence, protect the identity of outlying communities, and preserve nearby countryside. This is achieved by restricting inappropriate development within the designated areas, and imposing stricter conditions on permitted building.<ref name="green-belt"/>

Bournemouth has small areas of green belt within its district to the north and east, mostly along the fringes of the shared border with the Christchurch and East Dorset districts. These cover landscape features and greenfield facilities including the River Stour, [[Stour Valley Way]], Millhams Mead and Stour Valley nature reserves and arboretum, [[Hengistbury Head]], and the small communities of Throop and Holdenhurst.<ref name="green-belt">{{cite web|title=Bournemouth Local Plan: Core Strategy – Bournemouth Borough Council Adopted October 2012|url=https://www.bournemouth.gov.uk/planningbuilding/CoreStrategyDocuments/Core-Strategy-(1).pdf|website=www.bournemouth.gov.uk|access-date=19 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180219031319/https://www.bournemouth.gov.uk/planningbuilding/CoreStrategyDocuments/Core-Strategy-(1).pdf|archive-date=19 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Turbary Park]] is a heathland which is a protected [[Site of Special Scientific Interest]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Turbary Common|url=https://www.bournemouth.gov.uk/Parks/FindParksGardens/Turbarycommon.aspx|access-date=6 October 2020|website=www.bournemouth.gov.uk}}</ref>