Editing Black bloc (section)

==Tactics==
[[File:01.12.2014 Fuera Peña Nieto @ Mexico City.jpg|thumb|Black bloc in Mexico City organizing protests]]
{{Blockquote
 |quote  = When we smash a window, we aim to destroy the thin veneer of legitimacy that surrounds private property rights... After N30 [30 November], many people will never see a shop window or a hammer the same way again. The potential uses of an entire cityscape have increased a thousand-fold. The number of broken windows pales in comparison to the number of spells—spells cast by a corporate hegemony to lull us into forgetfulness of all the violence committed in the name of private property rights and of all the potential of a society without them. Broken windows can be boarded and eventually replaced, but the shattering of assumptions will hopefully persist for some time to come.
 |source = ACME Collective, quoted in Paris (2003)<ref>{{cite journal|last=Paris|first=Jeffrey|title=The Black Bloc's Ungovernable Protest|journal=Peace Review|year=2003|volume=15|issue=3|pages=317–322|doi=10.1080/1040265032000130913|s2cid=144140995}}</ref>
}}

[[File:AnarchistBlackBlock.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|[[Anarchist]] black bloc organizing in [[Leipzig]], Germany, in 2020]]
Tactics of a black bloc primarily include [[vandalism]] of private property, [[rioting]], and demonstrating without a permit. Tactics can also include use of defensive measures such as misleading the authorities, assisting in the escape of people arrested by the police ("un-arrests" or "de-arrests"), administering [[first aid]] to people affected by [[tear gas]], [[rubber bullets]], and other [[riot control]] measures in areas where protesters are barred from entering, building [[barricade]]s, resisting the police, and practicing [[jail solidarity]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pressaction.com/news/weblog/full_article/zakkflash02072012/ |title=Hedging Our Bets on the Black Bloc: The Impotence of Mere Liberalism |publisher=Press Action |access-date=26 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514175233/http://www.pressaction.com/news/weblog/full_article/zakkflash02072012/ |archive-date=14 May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.southerncrossreview.org/13/genoa.htm|title=Battle of Genoa|publisher=Southern Cross Review|access-date=16 November 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Juris|first=Jeffrey S.|s2cid=145781235|title=Violence Performed and Imagined: Militant Action, the Black Bloc and the Mass Media in Genoa|journal=Critique of Anthropology|year=2005|volume=25|issue=4|pages=413–432|doi=10.1177/0308275X05058657}}</ref> Property destruction carried out by black blocs tends to have symbolic significance: common targets include banks, institutional buildings, outlets for [[multinational corporation]]s, gasoline stations, and video-surveillance cameras.<ref name="pressaction.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.pressaction.com/news/weblog/full_article/zakkflash02152012/ |title=A Principled Stand on Diversity of Tactic: Avoiding Uniformity of Failure |publisher=Press Action |access-date=26 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513100050/http://www.pressaction.com/news/weblog/full_article/zakkflash02152012/ |archive-date=13 May 2013}}</ref>

There may be several blocs within a particular protest, with different aims and tactics.<ref name="K, 2001">K, 2001, "being black block" in ''On Fire: the battle of Genoa and the anti-capitalist movement'', p. 31, One Off Press.</ref> As an [[adhocracy|ad hoc]] group, blocs often share no universally common set of principles or beliefs<ref name="K, 2001" /> apart from an adherence to—usually—leftist or [[autonomist]] values, although some anarchist groups have called for the Saint Paul Principles to be adapted as a framework in which diverse tactics can be deployed.<ref name="pressaction.com"/> A few radical right-wing groups, like some of the "[[autonomous nationalists]]" of Europe<ref>{{Cite news|last=Nicola|first=Stefan|title=Germany's new neo-Nazis |url=http://www.upi.com/Top_News/Special/2008/05/20/Germanys-new-neo-Nazis/UPI-87471211285700/ |access-date=28 June 2010|work=[[United Press International]]|date=20 May 2008}}</ref> or the Australian so-called "[[National-anarchism|National-Anarchists]]"<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sunshine|first=Spencer|title=Rebranding Fascism: Nationalists|journal=Public Eye Magazine|date=April 2008|volume=23 |url=http://www.publiceye.org/magazine/v23n4/rebranding_fascism.html |access-date=28 June 2010}}</ref> have adopted "black bloc" tactics and dress. The political scientist Nicholas Apoifis, in his ethnography of anarchism in Athens, Greece, argues that black bloc action can constitute a form of [[prefigurative politics]], due to its "flat and horizontal organisational structure, alongside its focus on solidarity."<ref>{{cite book|last=Apoifis|first=Nicholas|title=Anarchy in Athens: An Ethnography of Militancy, Emotions and Violence|publisher=Manchester University Press|year=2017|page=132}}</ref>