Editing Bethlehem, Pennsylvania (section)

==Economy==
===Bethlehem Steel===
{{main|Bethlehem Steel}}
[[File:Bethlehem Steel (18).JPG|thumb|This former [[Bethlehem Steel]] building and its smokestacks have been preserved]]
[[File:Sands Casino Resort bridge with sign.JPG|thumb|[[Wind Creek Bethlehem]], a casino that opened in 2009 on the former grounds of [[Bethlehem Steel]]]]
Bethlehem became a center of heavy industry and trade during the [[Industrial Revolution]]. [[Bethlehem Steel]] (1857–2003), founded and based in Bethlehem, was once the second-largest steel producer in the United States, after [[Pittsburgh]]-based [[U.S. Steel]]. The company was a powerhouse in the mid-twentieth century, with over 30,000 employees at its peak.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajdev |first=Anmol |date=2023-06-26 |title=Bethlehem Steel's Asbestos Hazard {{!}} HalpernLawyer.com % |url=https://halpernlawyer.com/blog/bethlehem-steels-asbestos-hazard/ |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=The Halpern Law Firm |language=en}}</ref> Bethlehem Steel was also one of the largest [[shipbuilding]] companies in the world and one of the most powerful symbols of American industrial manufacturing leadership, and it manufactured over 1,100 [[warship]]s used in [[World War II]].

Bethlehem Steel began producing the first wide-flange structural shapes made in the United States and they pioneered the production of the now-ubiquitous "I-beam" used in construction of steel-framed buildings, including skyscrapers. It manufactured construction materials for numerous [[New York City]] and other city skyscrapers and major bridges.

The company became a major supplier of [[armor]] plate and ordnance products during World War I and World War II. After roughly 140 years of metal production at its Bethlehem plant, Bethlehem Steel ceased operations there in 1995, in the face of overseas competition and declining demand, and the company's liquidation was completed in 2003.

===Wind Creek Bethlehem===
{{Main|Wind Creek Bethlehem}}
In December 2006, [[Las Vegas Sands Corp]] was awarded a Category 2 Slot Machine License by the [[Pennsylvania Gaming Control Board]]. LVSC began work on the site, categorized as both the largest [[brownfield]] redevelopment project in the nation and the largest casino development investment made to date in Pennsylvania.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Taft |first=Chloe E. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0pK-CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1 |title=From Steel to Slots: Casino Capitalism in the Postindustrial City |date=2016-04-06 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-66049-6 |language=en |jstor=j.ctvjnrsg4}}</ref> Its mission was to create reinvestment and urbanization in the area. At a projected cost of $743 million, the historic [[Bethlehem Steel]] plant is being redeveloped as a fully integrated [[resort]], to include 3,000 slot machines, over 300 hotel rooms, 9 restaurants, {{convert|200000|sqft|m2}} of retail outlet shopping, and {{convert|46000|sqft|m2}} of flexible multi-purpose space.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pasands.com/about/default.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090512030742/http://www.pasands.com/about/default.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 12, 2009|title=Sands Casino - Resort - Bethlehem|date=May 12, 2009}}</ref> In 2007, the casino resort company of [[Las Vegas Sands]] began the construction of Sands Casino Resort Bethlehem, later rebranded as [[Wind Creek Bethlehem]]. The casino has been projected to bring in approximately one million dollars in revenue per day as of 2009.

Another major economic anchor to the city is [[St. Luke's University Health Network|St. Luke's Hospital]] located in neighboring [[Fountain Hill, Pennsylvania|Fountain Hill]]. That Hospital and Health Network is the second-largest of its type in the [[Lehigh Valley]]. Other major employers include [[B. Braun Melsungen|B. Braun]], [[Lehigh University]], and [[the Guardian Life Insurance Company of America]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.greaterlehighvalleyrealtors.com/about-the-lehigh-valley/top-25-lehigh-valley-employers|title=Top 25 Greater Lehigh Valley Employers - GLVR|access-date=September 26, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927170755/http://www.greaterlehighvalleyrealtors.com/about-the-lehigh-valley/top-25-lehigh-valley-employers|archive-date=September 27, 2015|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

Other companies in Bethlehem include the candy company [[Just Born]]. [[Zulily]] has a large logistics operation in the city that serves the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mcall.com/news/local/mc-bethlehem-zulily-expansion-20140911-story.html|title=Zulily's Bethlehem warehouse is Lehigh Valley's 'biggest economic' coup of 2014|date=September 12, 2014|access-date=November 11, 2021|archive-date=November 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111163126/https://www.mcall.com/news/local/mc-bethlehem-zulily-expansion-20140911-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Retail development===
{{Further|The Outlets at Wind Creek Bethlehem|Westgate Mall (Pennsylvania)}}
In the early 21st century, several shops and restaurants have opened in the city's [[Central Bethlehem Historic District|downtown]] and [[South Bethlehem Downtown Historic District|South Side]].<ref name=Chamber2010 /> In the mid-1970s, West Broad Street between New and Guetter Streets in center city was converted to a pedestrian plaza. The buildings on the south side of the block were torn down and replaced by an enclosed mall and an eleven-story office tower.<ref name=Lehigh>{{cite web|url=http://digital.lib.lehigh.edu/cdm4/beyond_viewer.php?CISOPTR=21471&ptr=21511&searchworks=search_0__621&DMTHUMB=1|title=Beyond Steel: Past Revitalization Efforts|publisher=[[Lehigh University]]|access-date=2017-12-01|archive-date=December 2, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202053247/http://digital.lib.lehigh.edu/cdm4/beyond_viewer.php?CISOPTR=21471&ptr=21511&searchworks=search_0__621&DMTHUMB=1|url-status=live}}</ref> The tower, at One Bethlehem Plaza on the corner of Broad and New, continues to operate, but the 80,000-square-foot mall, which was erected in response to the development of suburban shopping malls, failed. Since then, the block has been reopened to traffic, and the mall has been converted into offices for PowerSchool, a software company based in [[Folsom, California]], and the [[Internal Revenue Service]].<ref name=Lehigh /><ref name=PowerSchool>{{Citation|last=Salamone|first=Anthony|title=Bethlehem's SunGard K-12 sold in $850M deal|newspaper=[[The Morning Call]]|date=February 2, 2017|url=http://www.mcall.com/business/retail/mc-allentown-moravian-book-shop-closing-20170512-story.html|access-date=2017-12-01|archive-date=December 2, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202052807/http://www.mcall.com/business/retail/mc-allentown-moravian-book-shop-closing-20170512-story.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Retail business in downtown Bethlehem on Main Street south of Broad Street has experienced growth.<ref name="LATimes">{{Citation |last=Zimmermann |first=Karl |title=Bethlehem, Pa.'s German Christmas tradition |date=December 25, 2011 |url=https://www.latimes.com/travel/la-xpm-2011-dec-25-la-tr-bethlehem-20111225-story.html |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111228042618/http://articles.latimes.com/2011/dec/25/travel/la-tr-bethlehem-20111225 |access-date=2017-12-01 |url-status=live |archive-date=December 28, 2011}}</ref> The two-block shopping area is anchored by the campus of [[Moravian University]], Central Moravian Church in the south, Bethlehem Common indoor mall, and the historic [[Moravian Sun Inn]], built in 1758, in the north.<ref name=Downtown>{{cite web|url=https://getdowntownbethlehem.com/get-the-style/|title=Get Downtown and Experience Bethlehem: Shopping and Salons|publisher=Downtown Bethlehem Association|access-date=2017-12-01|archive-date=December 2, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202053013/https://getdowntownbethlehem.com/get-the-style/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Among the blocks' attractions are the [[Moravian Book Shop]], the country's oldest continuously operating bookstore built in 1756, and the historic [[Hotel Bethlehem]], built in 1922.<ref name=Downtown /><ref name=Publishers>{{Citation|last=High|first=John|title=PW: Centenarian Booksellers II|newspaper=[[Publishers Weekly]]|date=August 14, 2000|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/print/20000814/19127-pw-centenarian-booksellers-ii.html|access-date=2017-12-01|archive-date=December 2, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202053052/https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/print/20000814/19127-pw-centenarian-booksellers-ii.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

On the city's South Side, new stores and restaurants opened on 3rd and 4th streets in the early 21st century, due partly to the presence of [[Lehigh University]] and the 2009  openings of [[Wind Creek Bethlehem]] casino and SteelStacks, a 10-acre campus dedicated to music and the arts, on property that was previously part of [[Bethlehem Steel]]'s global manufacturing headquarters prior to the company's 2001 liquidation.<ref name=Chamber2010>{{cite web|url=http://www.bethlehempa.org/docs/Guide_2010-revwebsite.pdf|title=Bethlehem Pennsylvania Guide, July 2010-July 2011|publisher=Greater Lehigh Valley Chamber of Commerce|access-date=2017-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215095837/http://www.bethlehempa.org/docs/Guide_2010-revwebsite.pdf|archive-date=December 15, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=UrbanLand>{{cite web|url=https://casestudies.uli.org/steelstacks-arts-and-cultural-campus/|title=SteelStacks Arts and Cultural Campus|date=November 30, 2015|publisher=[[Urban Land Institute]]|access-date=2017-12-01|archive-date=December 2, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202102736/https://casestudies.uli.org/steelstacks-arts-and-cultural-campus/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Outside center city Bethlehem, there are five additional shopping centers:
* Bethlehem Square on the edge of the city in [[Bethlehem Township, Pennsylvania|Bethlehem Township]]
* Lehigh Center Shopping Center on Union Boulevard near the [[Allentown, Pennsylvania|Allentown]] border
* Martin Court Shopping Center on 8th Avenue near [[Pennsylvania Route 378|Route 378]]
* Stefko Boulevard Shopping Center between Washington and Easton Avenues
* [[Westgate Mall (Pennsylvania)|Westgate Mall]], an enclosed mall, on Schoenersville Road