Editing Beryl (section)

===Red beryl===
{{Main|Red beryl}}
[[File:Beryl-235618.jpg|thumb|left|Red beryl]]
Red variety of beryl (the "bixbite") was first described in 1904 for an occurrence, its [[Type locality (geology)|type locality]], at Maynard's Claim (Pismire Knolls), Thomas Range, [[Juab County, Utah|Juab County]], [[Utah]].<ref name="mindat">{{cite web |url=http://www.mindat.org/min-690.html |title=Red Beryl |website=www.mindat.org |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203010036/http://www.mindat.org/min-690.html |archive-date=2013-12-03 |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Ege-2002"/> The dark red color is attributed to Mn<sup>3+</sup> ions.<ref name="Caltech"/> Old synonym "bixbite" is deprecated from the [[World Jewellery Confederation|CIBJO]] because of the possibility of confusion with the mineral [[bixbyite]] (both named after mineralogist [[Maynard Bixby]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.minerals.net/mineral/beryl.aspx |title=The Mineral Beryl |website=Minerals.net |access-date=2017-08-28 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828185252/http://www.minerals.net/mineral/beryl.aspx |archive-date=2017-08-28 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Red "bixbite" beryl formerly was marketed as "red" or "scarlet emerald", but these terms involving "Emerald" terminology are now prohibited in the US.<ref>{{CodeFedReg|16|23|26}}</ref>

[[File:RedBeryl-G-EmpireTheWorldOfGems.jpg|thumb|right|Faceted red beryl, {{cvt|0.56|carat}}, Utah, US]]
Red beryl is very rare and has only been reported from a handful of North American locations: [[Wah Wah Mountains]], [[Beaver County, Utah]]; [[Black Range|Paramount Canyon]], [[Black Range|Round Mountain]], Juab County, Utah; and [[Sierra County, New Mexico]], although this locality does not often produce gem-grade stones.<ref name="mindat"/> The bulk of gem-grade red beryl comes from the Ruby-Violet Claim in the Wah Wah Mts. of midwestern Utah, discovered in 1958 by Lamar Hodges, of [[Fillmore, Utah]], while he was prospecting for [[uranium]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Red Emerald History |url=http://www.redemerald.com/history.html |website=RedEmerald.com  |access-date=2007-11-21 |df=dmy-all |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071203052138/http://www.redemerald.com/history.html |archive-date=2007-12-03}}</ref> Red beryl has been known to be confused with [[pezzottaite]], a [[caesium]] analog of beryl, found in Madagascar and, more recently, Afghanistan; cut gems of the two varieties can be distinguished by their difference in [[refractive index]], and the rough crystals easily by their differing crystal systems (pezzottaite trigonal, red beryl hexagonal). Synthetic red beryl is also produced.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gemstoneslist.com/bixbite.html |title=Bixbite |website=The Gemstone List |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312090712/http://www.gemstoneslist.com/bixbite.html |archive-date=2016-03-12 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Like emerald and unlike most other varieties of beryl, the red ones are usually highly included.

While gem beryls are ordinarily found in pegmatites and certain metamorphic stones, red beryl occurs in topaz-bearing [[rhyolite]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gemsociety.org/article/red-beryl-jewelry-and-gemstone-information/ |title=Red beryl value, price, and jewelry information |work=International Gem Society |access-date=2017-08-28 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828192834/https://www.gemsociety.org/article/red-beryl-jewelry-and-gemstone-information/ |archive-date=2017-08-28 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> It is formed by crystallizing under low pressure and high temperature from a pneumatolytic phase along fractures or within near-surface [[miarolitic cavities]] of the rhyolite. Associated minerals include bixbyite, [[quartz]], [[orthoclase]], [[topaz]], [[spessartine]], [[pseudobrookite]] and [[hematite]].<ref name="Ege-2002">{{cite magazine |first=Carl |last=Ege |title=What gemstone is found in Utah that is rarer than diamond and more valuable than gold? |date=September 2002 |magazine=Survey Notes |volume=34 |issue=3 |url=http://geology.utah.gov/surveynotes/gladasked/gladberyl.htm |access-date=2011-07-02 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101108170752/http://www.geology.utah.gov/surveynotes/gladasked/gladberyl.htm |archive-date=2010-11-08 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
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