Editing Berkhamsted (section)

====19th century urban growth====

In the 17th and 18th centuries Hemel Hempstead, with its thriving market, eclipsed Berkhamsted as the major town in the area.{{sfn|Hastie|1996|p=202}} [[Georgian era|Georgian]] Berkhamsted barely extended beyond the medieval triangle and the High Street. With the coming of the [[Industrial Age]], Berkhamsted was well placed at a gateway through the Chilterns, between the markets of London and the industrial [[The Midlands|Midlands]]. The town became a link in the growing network of roads, canals and railways. These developments led Berkhamsted's population to expand once again. In 1801, the population of St Peter's parish had been 1,690 and by 1831, this had risen to 2,369 (484&nbsp;houses). An 1835 description of the town found that "the houses are mostly of brick, and irregularly built, but are interspersed with a fair proportion of handsome residences".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WQ1CAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA282|title=The Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge|volume=4: Bassantin&nbsp;— Bloemaart|author=Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge|publisher=Knight|date= 1835|access-date=10 December 2014}}</ref> The town's population increased as "hundreds of men arrived to build the railway line and needed lodging";{{sfn|Thompson|Bryant|2005|p=23}} by 1851, the population was 3,395,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oldtowns.co.uk/Hertfordshire/berkhamsted.htm|title=Market Towns Of Hertfordshire (from SDUK Penny Cyclopedia)|access-date=24 September 2014}}</ref> From 1850 large estates around Berkhamsted were sold, allowing for housing expansion. In 1851 the Pilkington Manor estate, east of Castle Street, was sold, and the land developed both as an industrial area and for artisans' dwellings. In 1868 streets of middle-class villas began to appear on the hill south of the High Street.{{sfn|Thompson|Bryant|2005|p=23}}{{sfn|Hastie|1999|p=68}} Lower Kings Road was built by public subscription in 1885 to join Kings Road and the High Street to the station.{{sfn|Hastie|1999|p=60}} In 1887, John Bartholomew's ''Gazetteer of the British Isles'' recorded the population at 4,485.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/place/31|title=Berkhamsted Hertfordshire|publisher=University of Portsmouth|work=A Vision of Britain through Time|access-date=17 March 2015}}</ref>{{sfn|Thompson|Bryant|2005|p=23}}