Editing Benign prostatic hyperplasia (section)

==== Medical conditions ====
The differential diagnosis for LUTS is broad and includes various medical conditions, neurologic disorders, and other diseases of the bladder, urethra, and prostate such as [[bladder cancer]], urinary tract infection, [[urethral stricture]], [[Ureterolithiasis|urethral calculi (stones)]], [[chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome|chronic prostatitis]], and prostate cancer.<ref name="Kim2016" /> [[Neurogenic bladder]] can cause urinary retention and cause symptoms similar to those of BPH. This may occur as a result of uncoordinated contraction of the bladder muscle or impairment in the timing of bladder muscle contraction and urethral sphincter relaxation.<ref name="Kim2016" /> Notable causes of neurogenic bladder include disorders of the [[central nervous system]] such as [[Parkinson's disease]], [[multiple sclerosis]], and [[spinal cord injury|spinal cord injuries]] as well as disorders of the peripheral nervous system such as [[diabetes mellitus]], [[vitamin B12 deficiency]], and [[alcoholic neuropathy|alcohol-induced nerve damage]].<ref name="Kim2016" /> Individuals affected by [[heart failure]] often experience nighttime awakenings to urinate due to redistribution of fluid accumulated in swollen legs.<ref name="Kim2016" />