Editing Avignon Papacy (section)

===Schism===
This resolution was short-lived when, having returned the papal court to Rome, [[Pope Gregory XI]] died. A conclave met and elected an Italian pope, [[Pope Urban VI|Urban VI]]. Pope Urban alienated the French cardinals, who held a second conclave electing one of their own, Robert of Geneva, who took the name [[Antipope Clement VII|Clement VII]], to succeed Gregory XI, thus beginning a second line of Avignon popes. Clement VII and his successors are not regarded as legitimate, and are referred to as [[antipope]]s by the [[Catholic Church]]. This situation, known as the [[Western Schism]], persisted from 1378 until the [[ecumenical council|ecumenical]] [[Council of Constance]] (1414–1418) settled the question of papal succession and declared the French conclave of 1378 to be invalid. A new pope, [[Pope Martin V]], was elected in 1417; other claimants to succeed to Avignon line (though not resident at Avignon) continued until c. 1437.