Editing Astatine (section)

==== Dry ====
The astatine-containing cyclotron target is heated to a temperature of around 650&nbsp;°C. The astatine [[Volatilization|volatilizes]] and is condensed in (typically) a [[cold trap]]. Higher temperatures of up to around 850&nbsp;°C may increase the yield, at the risk of bismuth contamination from concurrent volatilization. Redistilling the condensate may be required to minimize the presence of bismuth{{sfn|Kugler|Keller|1985|p=97}} (as bismuth can interfere with astatine [[radioactive tracer|labeling reactions]]). The astatine is recovered from the trap using one or more low concentration solvents such as [[sodium hydroxide]], [[methanol]] or [[chloroform]]. Astatine yields of up to around 80% may be achieved. Dry separation is the method most commonly used to produce a chemically useful form of astatine.<ref name="Larsen">{{cite journal|last1=Larsen|first1=R. H.|last2=Wieland|first2=B. W.|last3=Zalutsky|first3=M. R. J.|year=1996|title=Evaluation of an Internal Cyclotron Target for the Production of <sup>211</sup>At via the <sup>209</sup>Bi (α,2n)<sup>211</sup>At reaction|journal=Applied Radiation and Isotopes|volume=47|issue=2|pages=135–143|doi=10.1016/0969-8043(95)00285-5|pmid=8852627|bibcode=1996AppRI..47..135L }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Lindegren|first1=S.|last2=Bäck|first2=T.|last3=Jensen|first3=H. J.|year=2001|title=Dry-distillation of Astatine-211 from Irradiated Bismuth Targets: A Time-saving Procedure with High Recovery Yields|journal=Applied Radiation and Isotopes|volume=55|issue=2|pages=157–160|doi=10.1016/S0969-8043(01)00044-6|pmid=11393754|bibcode=2001AppRI..55..157L }}</ref>