Editing Apoptosis (section)

== Negative regulators of apoptosis ==
Negative regulation of apoptosis inhibits cell death signaling pathways, helping tumors to evade cell death and developing [[drug resistance]]. The ratio between anti-apoptotic&nbsp;(Bcl-2) and pro-apoptotic&nbsp;(Bax) proteins determines whether a cell lives or dies.<ref name="pmid31380246" /><ref name="pmid29149100">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kale J, Osterlund EJ, Andrews DW | title = BCL-2 family proteins: changing partners in the dance towards death | journal = Cell Death and Differentiation | volume = 25 | issue = 1 | pages = 65–80 | date = January 2018 | pmid = 29149100 | pmc = 5729540 | doi = 10.1038/cdd.2017.186 }}</ref> Many families of proteins act as negative regulators categorized into either antiapoptotic factors, such as [[Inhibitor of apoptosis protein|IAPs]] and [[Bcl-2 family|Bcl-2]] proteins or prosurvival factors like [[CFLAR|cFLIP]], [[BNIP3]], [[FADD]], [[Protein kinase B|Akt]],  and [[NF-κB]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Razaghi A, Heimann K, Schaeffer PM, Gibson SB | title = Negative regulators of cell death pathways in cancer: perspective on biomarkers and targeted therapies | journal = Apoptosis | volume = 23 | issue = 2 | pages = 93–112 | date = February 2018 | pmid = 29322476 | doi = 10.1007/s10495-018-1440-4 | s2cid = 3424489 }}</ref>