Editing Anticosti Island (section)

==Fauna==
In Anticosti Island, the wildlife is characteristic of an isolated marine environment. Of the 24 mammal species, 14 or 15 of these are marine mammals that include Grey Seal and Harbor Seal.<ref name="IA-geo"/>
* [[Grey seal|Halichoerus grypus]]. — Phoque gris. — (Grey Seal).
* [[Harbor seal|Phoca vitulina]]. — Phoque commun. — (Harbour Seal).

Even large [[whale]]s ply the nearby cold waters, thirteen species of cetaceans frequent the waters of the [[Estuary of St. Lawrence|estuary]] and the gulf of the [[St. Lawrence River]]<ref name="Whales Online, magazine and encyclopedia">{{cite web |title=The Species of the St. Lawrence |url=https://baleinesendirect.org/en/about/ |website=Whales Online, magazine and encyclopedia |publisher=Group for Research and Education on Marine Mammals (GREMM) |access-date=10 August 2024 |date=July 2024 |quote=The different species of seals and whales are all mammal species. © GREMM}}</ref>

1.	[[Northern bottlenose whale|Hyperoodon ampullatus]]. — Hypéroodon boreal, Hypéroodon arctique. — (Northern Bottlenose Whale).<br>
2.	[[Delphinapterus leucas]]. —  Béluga, Bélouga, Baleine blanche, Dauphin blanc, Marsouin blanc. — (Beluga Whale).<br>
3.	[[Sperm whale|Physeter macrocephalus]]. — Grand cachalot, Cachalot, Cachalot macrocéphale. — (Sperm whale).<br>
4.	 [[Atlantic white-sided dolphin|Lagenorhynchus acutus]]. — Lagénorhynque à flancs blancs, Dauphin à flancs blancs. — (Atlantic white-sided dolphin).<br>
5.	[[White-beaked dolphin|Lagenorhynchus albirostris]]. — Dauphin à nez blanc, Dauphin à bec blanc, Lagénorhynque à bec blanc. — (White-beaked dolphin).<br>
6.	[[Orca|Orcinus orca]]. — Orque, Épaulard. — (Killer Whale).<br>
7.	[[Long-finned pilot whale|Globicephala melas]].  — Globicéphale commun, Globicéphale noir, Dauphin pilote. — (Long-Finned Pilot Whale).<br>
8.	[[Phocoena phocoena|Phocoena Phocoena]]. — Marsouin commun, Cochon de mer, Dieu des mers. — (Harbour Porpoise).<br>
9.	[[North Atlantic right whale|Eubalaena glacialis]]. — Baleine franche de l'Atlantique nord, Baleine noire de l'Atlantique nord, Baleine de Biscaye. — (North Atlantic Right Whale).<br>
10.	[[Common minke whale|Balaenoptera acutorostrata]]. — Petit rorqual. — (Minke whale).<br>
11.	[[Blue whale|Balaenoptera musculus]]. — Baleine bleue, Rorqual bleu. — (Blue whale).<br>
12.	[[Humpback whale|Megaptera novaeangliae]]. — Rorqual à bosse, Baleine à bosse. — (Humpback whale).<br>
13.	 [[Fin whale|Balaenoptera physalus]]. — Rorqual commun. — (Fin whale).<br>
<gallery widths="200" mode="packed" heights="120" caption="Off the island,  in the cold waters of the 
[[Gulf of St. Lawrence#Marine mammals|Gulf of St. Lawrence]]">
File:Rorqual_070.jpg|Whale Research Expeditions with Mingan Island Cetacean Study (MICS),<ref name="Mingan Island Cetacean Study (MICS)">{{cite web |title=Mingan Island Cetacean Study (MICS) |url=https://www.rorqual.com/english/home |access-date=11 August 2024|date=2024 |quote=The principal study areas include the Quebec North Shore in the Mingan Island / Anticosti region, the Gaspe Peninsula and St. Lawrence Estuary.}}</ref> 
File:Rorqual_122.jpg|[[Humpback whale]]s, females and cubs, Whale Research Expeditions with Mingan Island Cetacean Study (MICS)
File:Rorqual_126.jpg|[[Humpback whale]]s, dorsals, pectoral fins, Whale Research Expeditions with Mingan Island Cetacean Study (MICS)
</gallery>

Originally, there were probably only seven indigenous species of land mammals, the Martes americana and Ursus americanus have now been [[extirpated]]:
*[[Red fox|Vulpes vulpes]]. — Renard roux.  — (Red fox).
*[[North American river otter|Lontra canadensis]]. — Loutre de rivière. — (River otter). 
*[[Eastern deer mouse|Peromyscus maniculatus]]. — Souris sylvestre, Souris du soir.  — (Deer mouse).
*[[American marten|Martes americana]]. — Martre d'Amérique. —(American marten).
*[[American black bear|Ursus americanus]]. — Ours noir. — (Black Bear).
*[[Little brown bat|Myotis lucifugus]]. — Petite chauve-souris brune. — (Littlebrown bat).
*[[Eptesicus nilssonii]]. — Sérotine de Nilsson, Sérotine boréale.  — (Northern bat).
*[[Melanism|Melanistic]] foxes have been seen on the island.<ref name="Reserve of biodiversity projected Anticosti - Conservation plan">{{cite web |title=Reserve of biodiversity projected Anticosti - Conservation plan |url=https://www.environnement.gouv.qc.ca/biodiversite/reserves-bio/anticosti/psc-anticosti-en.pdf |website=Quebec Gouvernement |pages=11 of 29 |date=August 2020 |quote=The wildlife on Anticosti Island is the result of massive introductions made by the French chocolate maker Henri Menier at the end of the 19th century.}}</ref>
[[File:Anticosti cerf Virginie 950710 19.jpg|thumb|left|[[Odocoileus virginianus]]. — Cerf de Virginie, Chevreuil. — (White-tailed deer). [[Port-Menier, Quebec|Port-Menier]] (Village)]]
In order to make Anticosti Island a hunter's "paradise", several animal species have been introduced; starting in  1896, the island became an unprecedented biological experiment. In all, sixteen introduced species have been attempted, with six proving to be unsuccessful, namely [[bison]], [[caribou]], [[elk]], [[mink]] and [[Fisher (animal)|fisher]]. However, for ten species, it has been a beneficial introduction; six species of terrestrial mammals ([[white-tailed deer]], [[moose]], [[beaver]], [[snowshoe hare]] and [[muskrat]]), two species of frogs, and two species of non-migratory birds ([[ruffed grouse]] and the [[spruce grouse]]). Of all these species introduced, the success of white-tailed deer is particularly noteworthy. From an initial group of about 200 (introduced in 1896 and 1897), the number of white-tailed deer has grown to an estimated 37,000 animals in 2018, representing a density of 4.7 deer/km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name="parkguide"/><ref name="Réserve de biodiversité projetée d’Anticosti - Conservation plan" /> Without predators, this man-made deer population has had noticeable  impacts on the island ecosystem. Balsam fir trees covered about 40% of the island, prior to the introduction of the deer. The deer eat tender sprouts from the ground, and prevent fir regeneration; in turn, the firs are being replaced by white spruce.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Potvin |first1=François |last2=Beaupré |first2=Pierre |last3=Laprise |first3=Gaétan |title=The eradication of balsam fir stands by white-tailed deer on Anticosti Island, Québec: A 150-year process |journal=Écoscience |date=2003 |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=487–495 |doi=10.1080/11956860.2003.11682796|s2cid=59928260 }}</ref>

The [[brook trout]], [[Atlantic salmon]] and [[American eel]] visit the island's shores and swim up several rivers of the island.

Some 221 bird species, distributed among 21 avian families, have been observed on Anticosti Island. It is home to nearly 60% of the known breeding sites of the [[bald eagle]] in the province of Quebec.<ref name="IA-geo"/>