Editing Angola (section)

== Government and politics ==
{{more citations needed section|date=November 2020}}<!--several subsections with no or few footnotes-->
{{Main|Politics of Angola}}
{{See also|Elections in Angola|List of political parties in Angola}}
[[File:National Assembly Building (19898889148).jpg|thumb|right|The [[National Assembly of Angola]]]]
The Angolan government is composed of three branches of government: executive, legislative and judicial. The executive branch of the government is composed of the President, the vice-presidents and the Council of Ministers.

The legislative branch comprises a 220-seat [[Unicameralism|unicameral]] legislature, the [[National Assembly of Angola]], elected from multi-member province-wide and nationwide constituencies using [[party-list proportional representation]]. For decades, political power has been concentrated in the presidency.<ref>{{cite book |title=Der neue Fischer Weltalmanach 2019 |trans-title=The new Fischer World Almanac 2019 |date=1 July 2018 |publisher=Fischer |isbn=978-3-596-72019-4 |pages=38}}</ref>

After 38 years of rule, in 2017 President dos Santos stepped down from MPLA leadership.<ref>[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-02-03/angola-ruling-party-names-joao-lourenco-presidential-candidate Angolan Leader Dos Santos to Step Down After 38 Years in Power] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170407015106/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-02-03/angola-ruling-party-names-joao-lourenco-presidential-candidate |date=7 April 2017 }}. Bloomberg (3 February 2017). Retrieved 26 April 2017.</ref> The leader of the winning party at the parliamentary elections in August 2017 would become the next president of Angola. The MPLA selected the former Defense Minister [[João Lourenço]] as Santos' chosen successor.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Thiefaine |first=Charles |date=5 December 2016 |title=En Angola, le ministre de la Défense devrait succèder au président Dos Santos |language=fr |trans-title=In Angola, the minister of defense is to succeed President Dos Santos |work=Le Figaro |url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/international/2016/12/05/01003-20161205ARTFIG00307-en-angola-le-ministre-de-la-defense-devrait-succeder-au-president-dos-santos.php |access-date=26 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170325025941/http://www.lefigaro.fr/international/2016/12/05/01003-20161205ARTFIG00307-en-angola-le-ministre-de-la-defense-devrait-succeder-au-president-dos-santos.php |archive-date=25 March 2017}}</ref>

In what has been described as a political purge<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://beninwebtv.com/2017/11/angola-purge-sein-de-sonangol-emporte-isabel-santos/|title=Angola : une purge au sein de la Sonangol emporte Isabel dos Santos |trans-title=Angola: a purge within Sonangol takes away Isabel dos Santos |date=15 November 2017|work=BENIN WEB TV|access-date=21 November 2017|language=fr-FR}} {{dead link|date=April 2018|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> to cement his power and reduce the influence of the Dos Santos family, Lourenço subsequently sacked the chief of the national police, Ambrósio de Lemos, and the head of the intelligence service, Apolinário José Pereira. Both are considered allies of former president Dos Santos.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-angola-police/angolas-lourenco-replaces-police-and-intelligence-chiefs-idUSKBN1DK1SH|title=Angola's Lourenco replaces police and intelligence chiefs|date=20 November 2017|work=[[Reuters]]|access-date=21 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171120171118/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-angola-police/angolas-lourenco-replaces-police-and-intelligence-chiefs-idUSKBN1DK1SH|archive-date=20 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> He also removed [[Isabel dos Santos]], daughter of the former president, as head of the country's state oil company [[Sonangol Group|Sonangol]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-42003016|title=Angola sacks Africa's richest woman|date=15 November 2017|publisher=[[BBC News]]|access-date=21 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171118031625/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-42003016|archive-date=18 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> In August 2020, [[José Filomeno dos Santos]], son of Angola's former president, was sentenced for five years in jail for fraud and corruption.<ref>{{cite news |title=José Filomeno dos Santos: Son of Angola's ex-leader jailed for five years |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-53774288 |publisher=BBC News |date=14 August 2020 |access-date=7 June 2022 |archive-date=7 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220607203552/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-53774288 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Constitution===
[[File:Vladimir Putin and João Lourenço, 26 july 2018 (3) (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|[[João Lourenço]], [[President of Angola]]]]
{{main|Constitution of Angola}}
The [[Constitution of Angola|Constitution of 2010]] establishes the broad outlines of government structure and delineates the rights and duties of citizens. The legal system is based on Portuguese law and customary law but is weak and fragmented, and courts operate in only 12 of more than 140 municipalities.<ref>{{cite web|title=Angola|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/angola/19488.htm|website=State.gov|publisher=US Department of State|access-date=22 November 2016|archive-date=10 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210081539/https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/angola/19488.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> A Supreme Court serves as the appellate tribunal; a Constitutional Court does not hold the powers of [[judicial review]].<ref name="CIA"/> Governors of the 18 provinces are appointed by the president. After the end of the civil war, the regime came under pressure from within as well as from the international community to become more democratic and less authoritarian. Its reaction was to implement a number of changes without substantially changing its character.<ref>Péclard, Didier (ed.) (2008) ''L'Angola dans la paix: Autoritarisme et reconversions'', special issue of ''Politique africains'' (Paris), p. 110.</ref>

The [[Constitution of Angola|new constitution]], adopted in 2010, did away with presidential elections, introducing a system in which the president and the vice-president of the political party that wins the parliamentary elections automatically become president and vice-president. Directly or indirectly, the president controls all other organs of the state, so there is ''de facto'' no [[separation of powers]].<ref>Miranda, Jorge (2010) "A Constituição de Angola de 2010", ''O Direito'' (Lisbon), vol. 142.</ref> In the classifications used in constitutional law, this government falls under the category of ''authoritarian regime.''<ref>{{Cite book|title=Angola Party Politics: Into the African Trend|last=Amundsen|first=Inge|publisher=Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI) and Centro de Estudos e Investigação Científica (CEIC)|year=2011|type=PDF}}</ref>

===Justice===
A Supreme Court serves as a court of appeal. The Constitutional Court is the supreme body of the constitutional jurisdiction, established with the approval of Law no. 2/08, of 17 June – Organic Law of the Constitutional Court and Law n. 3/08, of 17 June – Organic Law of the Constitutional Process. The legal system is based on Portuguese and customary law. There are 12 courts in more than 140 counties in the country. Its first task was the validation of the candidacies of the political parties to the legislative elections of 5 September 2008. Thus, on 25 June 2008, the Constitutional Court was institutionalized and its Judicial Counselors assumed the position before the President of the Republic. Currently, seven advisory judges are present, four men and three women.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

In 2014, a new penal code took effect in Angola. The classification of [[money-laundering]] as a crime is one of the novelties in the new legislation.<ref>[http://www.noticiasaominuto.com/mundo/280463/angola-com-novo-codigo-penal-ainda-este-ano Angola com novo Código Penal ainda este ano] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215075205/http://www.noticiasaominuto.com/mundo/280463/angola-com-novo-codigo-penal-ainda-este-ano |date=15 December 2014 }}, Notícias ao Minuto, 24 September 2014</ref>

===Administrative divisions===
{{Main|Provinces of Angola|Municipalities of Angola|Communes of Angola}}
[[File:Provincias Angola 2025.png|thumb|300px|right|Map of the provinces of Angola]]
[[File:Huambo, Palácio do Governador (cropped).jpg|thumb|300px|right|[[Huambo Province|Provincial Government of Huambo]].]] 
{{As of|September 2024}}, Angola is divided into [[Provinces of Angola|twenty-one provinces]] (''províncias'') and [[Municipalities of Angola|162 municipalities]]. The municipalities are further divided into 559 communes (townships).<ref name="acd">{{Citation |title=Resultados Definitivos do Recenseamento Geral da População e da Habitação de Angola 2014 |date=March 2016 |url=http://aiangola.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Publica%C3%A7%C3%A3o-Resultados-Definitivos-Censo-Geral-2014_Vers%C3%A3o-22032016_DEFINITIVA-18H17.pdf|page=27|trans-title=Final Results of the General Census of Population and Housing of Angola 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506013702/http://aiangola.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Publica%C3%A7%C3%A3o-Resultados-Definitivos-Censo-Geral-2014_Vers%C3%A3o-22032016_DEFINITIVA-18H17.pdf|publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estatística|language=pt|archive-date=6 May 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> The provinces are:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
|- bgcolor="#ACE1AF"
!Number
!Province
!Capital
!Area (km<sup>2</sup>)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.geohive.com/cntry/angola.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160930004212/http://www.geohive.com/cntry/angola.aspx|archive-date=30 September 2016 |title=Angola General Information |website=geohive.com |access-date=3 March 2022}}</ref>
!Population <br /> (2014 Census)<ref name="Censo2014s">{{cite web |title=Resultados Definitivos Recenseamento Geral da População e Habitação – 2014 |trans-title=Definitive Results General Population and Housing Census – 2014 |url=https://www.ine.gov.ao/images/Populacao_Sociedade/Estudos_tematicos/PUBLICACAO_RESULTADOS_DEFINITIVOS_DO_CENSO_2014.pdf|access-date=3 May 2020|website=Instituto Nacional de Estatística, República de Angola|archive-date=14 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214215245/https://www.ine.gov.ao/images/Populacao_Sociedade/Estudos_tematicos/PUBLICACAO_RESULTADOS_DEFINITIVOS_DO_CENSO_2014.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|1
|[[Bengo Province|Bengo]]
|[[Caxito]]
| align="right" |31,371
| align="right" |356,641
|-
|2
|[[Benguela Province|Benguela]]
|[[Benguela]]
| align="right" |39,826
| align="right" |2,231,385
|-
|3
|[[Bié Province|Bié]]
|[[Cuíto]]
| align="right" |70,314
| align="right" |1,455,255
|-
|4
|[[Cabinda Province|Cabinda]]
|[[Cabinda (city)|Cabinda]]
| align="right" |7,270
| align="right" |716,076
|-
|5
|[[Cuando Province|Cuando]]
|[[Mavinga]]
| align="right" |?
| align="right" |?
|-
|6
|[[Cuanza Norte Province|Cuanza Norte]]
|[[N'dalatando]]
| align="right" |24,110
| align="right" |443,386
|-
|7
|[[Cuanza Sul Province|Cuanza Sul]]
|[[Sumbe]]
| align="right" |55,600
| align="right" |1,881,873
|-
|8
|[[Cubango Province|Cubango]]
|[[Menongue]]
| align="right" |?
| align="right" |?
|-
|9
|[[Cunene Province|Cunene]]
|[[Ondjiva]]
| align="right" |87,342
| align="right" |990,087
|-
|10
|[[Huambo Province|Huambo]]
|[[Huambo]]
| align="right" |34,270
| align="right" |2,019,555
|-
|11
|[[Huíla Province|Huíla]]
|[[Lubango]]
| align="right" |79,023
| align="right" |2,497,422
|-
|12
|[[Icolo e Bengo Province|Icolo e Bengo]]
|[[Catete, Ícolo e Bengo|Catete]]
| align="right" |?
| align="right" |?
|-
|13
|[[Luanda Province|Luanda]]
|[[Luanda]]
| align="right" |?
| align="right" |?
|-
|14
|[[Lunda Norte Province|Lunda Norte]] 
|[[Dundo]]
| align="right" |103,760
| align="right" |862,566
|-
|15
|[[Lunda Sul Province|Lunda Sul]]
|[[Saurimo]]
| align="right" |77,637
| align="right" |537,587
|-
|16
|[[Malanje Province|Malanje]]
|[[Malanje]]
| align="right" |97,602
| align="right" |986,363
|-
|17
|[[Moxico Leste Province|Moxico Leste]]
|[[Cazombo]]
| align="right" |?
| align="right" |?
|-
|18
|[[Moxico Province|Moxico]]
|[[Luena, Moxico Province|Luena]]
| align="right" |?
| align="right" |?
|-
|19
|[[Namibe Province|Namibe]]
|[[Moçâmedes]]
| align="right" |57,091
| align="right" |495,326
|-
|20
|[[Uíge Province|Uíge]]
|[[Uíge]]
| align="right" |58,698
| align="right" |1,483,118
|-
|21
|[[Zaire Province|Zaire]]
|[[M'banza-Kongo]]
| align="right" |40,130
| align="right" |594,428
|}

====Exclave of Cabinda====
{{Main|Cabinda Province}}
[[File:Governo Provincial do Namibe (19543179475) (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|[[Namibe Province|Provincial Government of Namibe]].]]
With an area of approximately {{convert|7283|km2|sqmi}}, the Northern Angolan province of Cabinda is unusual in being separated from the rest of the country by a strip, some {{convert|60|km}} wide, of the [[Democratic Republic of Congo]] along the lower [[Congo River]]. Cabinda borders the [[Congo Republic]] to the north and north-northeast and the DRC to the east and south. The city of [[Cabinda (city)|Cabinda]] is the chief population centre.

According to a 1995 census, Cabinda had an estimated population of 600,000, approximately 400,000 of whom are citizens of neighboring countries. Population estimates are, however, highly unreliable. Consisting largely of tropical forest, Cabinda produces hardwoods, coffee, cocoa, crude rubber, and palm oil.

The product for which it is best known, however, is its oil, which has given it the nickname the Kuwait of Africa. Cabinda's petroleum production from its considerable offshore reserves now accounts for more than half of Angola's output.<ref>{{cite news|date=22 December 2013|title=Angola profile|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13036732|url-status=live|access-date=21 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180624084435/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13036732|archive-date=24 June 2018}}</ref> Most of the oil along its coast was discovered under [[Portuguese Angola|Portuguese rule]] by the Cabinda Gulf Oil Company (CABGOC) from 1968 onwards.

Ever since [[Portugal]] handed over sovereignty of its former overseas province of Angola to the local independence groups (MPLA, UNITA and FNLA), the territory of Cabinda has been a focus of separatist guerrilla actions opposing the [[Government of Angola]] (which has employed its armed forces, the FAA—Forças Armadas Angolanas) and Cabindan separatists.

===Foreign relations===
{{Main|Foreign relations of Angola}}
{{See also|List of diplomatic missions of Angola}}
[[File:Secretary Pompeo Meets With Angolan Foreign Minister Augusto (48578221376) (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Minister of External Relations (Angola)|Foreign Minister of Angola]] [[Manuel Domingos Augusto]].]]

Angola is a founding member state of the [[Community of Portuguese Language Countries]] (CPLP), also known as the Lusophone Commonwealth, an international organization and political association of [[Lusophone]] nations across four continents, where [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] is an official language.

On 16 October 2014, Angola was elected for the second time a non-permanent member of the [[United Nations Security Council]], with 190 favorable votes out of a total of 193. The term of office began on 1 January 2015 and expired on 31 December 2016.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ribeiro |first=João Ruela |date=16 October 2014 |title=Angola eleita para o Conselho de Segurança da ONU |language=pt |trans-title=Angola elected to the UN Security Council |work=publico.pt |url=http://www.publico.pt/mundo/noticia/angola-eleita-como-membro-naopermanente-no-conselho-de-seguranca-da-onu-1673156 |url-status=live |access-date=14 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160906015310/https://www.publico.pt/mundo/noticia/angola-eleita-como-membro-naopermanente-no-conselho-de-seguranca-da-onu-1673156 |archive-date=6 September 2016}} Public, 16 October 2014</ref>

Since January 2014, the Republic of Angola has been chairing the International Conference for the Great Lakes Region (CIRGL). [80] In 2015, CIRGL Executive Secretary Ntumba Luaba said that Angola is the example to be followed by the members of the organization, due to the significant progress made during the 12 years of peace, namely in terms of socio-economic stability and political-military.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://expansao.co.ao/Artigo/Geral/52550 |title=Angola deve servir de exemplo para os países da CIRGL – Ntumba Luaba |work=Expansão |trans-title=Angola should serve as an example for ICGLR countries – Ntumba Luaba |access-date=14 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305110419/http://expansao.co.ao/artigo/geral/52550|archive-date=5 March 2016 |url-status=live}} Expansion, 8 January 2015</ref>

===Military===
{{Main|Angolan Armed Forces}}
[[File:Luanda - Angola (6276460346) (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|Soldiers of the [[Angolan Armed Forces]] in [[full dress uniform]]]]
The Angolan Armed Forces (Forças Armadas Angolanas, FAA) are headed by a Chief of Staff who reports to the Minister of Defence. There are three divisions—the Army (Exército), Navy (Marinha de Guerra, MGA) and [[National Air Force of Angola|National Air Force]] (Força Aérea Nacional, FAN). Total manpower is 107,000; plus paramilitary forces of 10,000 (2015 est.).<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather guide|publisher=Helicon|year=2018|isbn=978-1-84972-716-7|location=Abington, UK}}</ref>

Its equipment includes Russian-manufactured fighters, bombers and transport planes. There are also Brazilian-made [[EMB-312 Tucano]]s for training, [[Czech Republic|Czech]]-made [[Aero L-39 Albatros|L-39 Albatroses]] for training and bombing, and a variety of western-made aircraft such as the C-212\Aviocar, Sud Aviation Alouette III, etc. A small number of FAA personnel are stationed in the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (Kinshasa) and 500 more were deployed in March 2023 due to the resurgence of the [[M23 campaign (2022–present)|M23]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=AfricaNews |date=6 July 2020 |title=DRC: Angolan soldier killed in Kasai |url=https://www.africanews.com/2020/07/06/drc-angolan-soldier-killed-in-kasai/ |access-date=10 May 2022 |website=Africanews|archive-date=10 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510124820/https://www.africanews.com/2020/07/06/drc-angolan-soldier-killed-in-kasai/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Gomes |first1=Miguel |last2=Rolley |first2=Sonia |date=17 March 2023 |title=Angola to deploy troops in Congo's rebel-hit east |work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/angola-deploy-troops-congos-rebel-hit-east-2023-03-17/ |access-date=15 April 2023 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415113725/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/angola-deploy-troops-congos-rebel-hit-east-2023-03-17/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The FAA has also participated in the [[Southern African Development Community]] (SADC)'s [[Southern African Development Community Mission in Mozambique|mission for peace]] in [[Cabo Delgado Province|Cabo Delgado]], Mozambique.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Angola to join SADC military mission to Mozambique – Xinhua |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/africa/2021-07/28/c_1310092087.htm |access-date=10 May 2022 |agency=Xinhua News Agency |archive-date=25 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025093503/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/africa/2021-07/28/c_1310092087.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Police===
{{Main|Law enforcement in Angola}}
[[File:Angola transito (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|Angolan National Police officers]]
The National Police departments are Public Order, Criminal Investigation, Traffic and Transport, Investigation and Inspection of Economic Activities, Taxation and Frontier Supervision, Riot Police and the Rapid Intervention Police. The National Police are in the process of standing up an air wing,{{when|date=November 2017}} to provide helicopter support for operations. The National Police are developing their criminal investigation and forensic capabilities. The force consists of an estimated 6,000 patrol officers, 2,500 taxation and frontier supervision officers, 182 criminal investigators, 100 financial crimes detectives, and approximately 90 economic activity inspectors.{{citation needed|date=September 2012}}

The National Police have implemented a modernisation and development plan to increase the capabilities and efficiency of the total force. In addition to administrative reorganisation, modernisation projects include procurement of new vehicles, aircraft and equipment, construction of new police stations and forensic laboratories, restructured training programmes and the replacement of [[AKM rifle]]s with 9&nbsp;mm [[Uzi]]s for officers in urban areas.

===Human rights===
{{Main|Human rights in Angola}}
{{See also|LGBT rights in Angola}}
Angola was classified as 'not free' by [[Freedom House]] in the [[Freedom in the World]] 2014 report<ref name=freedomhouse>{{cite web|title=Angola|url=https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2014/angola|work=Freedom in the World 2014|publisher=Freedom House|access-date=7 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207234837/https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2014/angola|archive-date=7 February 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> and the 2024 report,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Angola: Freedom in the World 2024 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/angola/freedom-world/2024 |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=Freedom House |language=en |archive-date=13 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241113094047/https://freedomhouse.org/country/angola/freedom-world/2024 |url-status=live }}</ref> however the report has noted increases in freedoms under [[João Lourenço]]. The 2014 report noted that the [[Angolan legislative election, 2012|August 2012 parliamentary elections]], in which the ruling [[Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola]] won more than 70% of the vote, suffered from serious flaws, including outdated and inaccurate voter rolls.<ref name=freedomhouse/> Voter turnout dropped from 80% in 2008 to 60%.<ref name=freedomhouse/>

A 2012 report by the [[United States State Department|U.S. Department of State]] said, "The three most important [[human rights]] abuses [in 2012] were official corruption and impunity; limits on the freedoms of assembly, association, speech, and press; and cruel and excessive punishment, including reported cases of torture and beatings as well as unlawful killings by police and other security personnel."<ref>{{citation|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/204298.pdf|title=2012 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Angola|publisher=Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, U.S. Department of State|access-date=12 June 2019|archive-date=26 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326141534/https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/204298.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

Angola ranked forty-two of forty-eight sub-Saharan African states on the 2007 Index of African Governance list and scored poorly on the 2013 [[Ibrahim Index of African Governance]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Condon|first=Madison|date=1 January 2012|title=China in Africa: What the Policy of Nonintervention Adds to the Western Development Dilemma|url=https://scholarship.law.bu.edu/faculty_scholarship/990|journal=PRAXIS: The Fletcher Journal of Human Security|volume=27|page=5|access-date=30 November 2020|archive-date=26 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026063319/https://scholarship.law.bu.edu/faculty_scholarship/990/|url-status=live}}</ref>{{rp|8}} It was ranked 39 out of 52 [[sub-Saharan Africa]]n countries, scoring particularly badly in the areas of participation and human rights, sustainable economic opportunity and human development. The Ibrahim Index uses a number of variables to compile its list which reflects the state of governance in Africa.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.moibrahimfoundation.org/iiag/| title=Ibrahim Index of African Governance| publisher=Mo Ibrahim Foundation| access-date=9 August 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140801173520/http://www.moibrahimfoundation.org/iiag/| archive-date=1 August 2014| url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2019, [[Homosexuality|homosexual]] acts were decriminalized in Angola, and the government also prohibited discrimination based on sexual orientation. The vote was overwhelming: 155 for, 1 against, 7 abstaining.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Williams |first=Sophie |date=24 January 2019 |title=Angola decriminalises homosexuality and bans discrimination based on sexual orientation |work=Evening Standard|location=London |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/world/angola-decriminalises-homosexuality-and-bans-discrimination-based-on-sexual-orientation-a4047871.html |url-status=live |access-date=25 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190124231409/https://www.standard.co.uk/news/world/angola-decriminalises-homosexuality-and-bans-discrimination-based-on-sexual-orientation-a4047871.html |archive-date=24 January 2019}}</ref>