Editing Agent Orange (section)

====National Academy of Medicine (Institute of Medicine)====
Starting in the early 1990s, the federal government directed the Institute of Medicine (IOM), now known as the [[National Academy of Medicine]], to issue reports every 2 years on the health effects of Agent Orange and similar herbicides. First published in 1994 and titled ''Veterans and Agent Orange'', the IOM reports assess the risk of both cancer and non-cancer health effects. Each health effect is categorized by evidence of association based on available research data.<ref name="acs"/> The last update was published in 2016, entitled ''Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 2014''.

The report shows sufficient evidence of an association with soft tissue sarcoma; non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL); Hodgkin disease; Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); including hairy cell leukemia and other chronic B-cell leukemias.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Agent Orange and Cancer Risk {{!}} American Cancer Society |url=https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/chemicals/agent-orange-and-cancer.html |access-date=2024-06-20 |website=www.cancer.org |language=en}}</ref> Limited or suggested evidence of an association was linked with respiratory cancers (lung, bronchus, trachea, larynx); prostate cancer; multiple myeloma; and bladder cancer. Numerous other cancers were determined to have inadequate or insufficient evidence of links to Agent Orange.<ref name=":0" />

The National Academy of Medicine has repeatedly concluded that any evidence suggestive of an association between Agent Orange and prostate cancer is, "limited because chance, bias, and confounding could not be ruled out with confidence."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Institute of Medicine |title=Veterans and Agent Orange: Health Effects of Herbicides Used in Vietnam: Update 11 |date=2018 |publisher=The National Academies Press |location=Washington, DC |isbn=978-0-309-47716-1 |url=http://nap.edu/25137 |access-date=25 December 2018 |archive-date=February 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225043448/https://www.nap.edu/catalog/25137/veterans-and-agent-orange-update-11-2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

At the request of the Veterans Administration, the Institute Of Medicine evaluated whether service in these C-123 aircraft could have plausibly exposed soldiers and been detrimental to their health. Their report ''Post-Vietnam Dioxin Exposure in Agent Orange-Contaminated C-123 Aircraft'' confirmed it.<ref name="c-123">{{cite report|author=((Committee to Evaluate the Potential Exposure of Agent Orange/TCDD Residue and Level of Risk of Adverse Health Effects for Aircrew of Post-Vietnam C-123 Aircraft; Board on the Health of Select Populations))|title=Post-Vietnam Dioxin Exposure in Agent Orange-Contaminated C-123 Aircraft|url=https://www.nap.edu/catalog/18848/post-vietnam-dioxin-exposure-in-agent-orange-contaminated-c-123-aircraft|access-date=2015-09-03|work=Institute of Medicine|date=|archive-date=May 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501153932/https://www.nap.edu/catalog/18848/post-vietnam-dioxin-exposure-in-agent-orange-contaminated-c-123-aircraft|url-status=live}}</ref>