Editing Adam Mickiewicz (section)

==Ethnicity==
[[File:LT-1998-50litų-Mickevičius-b.png|thumb|[[Litas|Lithuanian coin]] featuring a stylized Mickiewicz]]
Mickiewicz is known as a [[List of Polish-language poets|Polish poet]],<ref name="O'Connor2006"/><ref name="Kridl1951"/><ref name="Murray2004"/><ref name="Classe2000"/><ref name="prospects"/> [[Polish-Lithuanian identity|Polish-Lithuanian]],<ref name="william"/><ref name="communicating"/><ref name="United Nations in Belarus - Culture"/><ref name="katolickiego"/> Lithuanian,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Paneth|first=Philip|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.05283/page/41/mode/2up?q=Mickiewicz+Lithuanian|title=Is Poland Lost?|publisher=Nicholson and Watson|year=1939|location=London|pages=41}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Mills|first=Clark|url=https://archive.org/details/greenoakselected00land/page/14/mode/2up?q=Mickiewicz+Lithuanian|title=The Green Oak|last2=Landsbergis|first2=Algirdas|publisher=Theo. Gaus' Sons|year=1962|location=New York|pages=15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Morfill|first=W.R.|url=https://archive.org/details/polandpo00morfrich/page/300/mode/2up?q=Mickiewicz+Lithuanian|title=Poland|publisher=G.P. Putnam's Sons|year=1893|location=New York|pages=300}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Boswell|first=A. Bruce|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.91050/page/217/mode/2up?q=Mickiewicz+Lithuanian|title=Poland and the Poles|publisher=Methuen & Co.|year=1919|location=London|pages=217}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Harrison|first=E.J.|url=https://archive.org/details/lithuaniapastpre00harruoft/page/n167/mode/2up?q=Mickiewicz+|title=Lithuania, Past & Present|publisher=Gresham Press|year=1922|location=London|pages=165}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Bjornson|first=B.|url=https://archive.org/details/n4poetlorequarte47bost/page/326/mode/2up?q=Mickiewicz|title=Poet Lore World Literature and the Drama|publisher=Bruce Humphries|year=1941|location=Boston|pages=327}}</ref> or Belarusian.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gliński |first1=Mikołaj |title=The White-Red-White Banner of Polish-Belarusian Literature |url=https://culture.pl/en/article/the-white-red-white-banner-of-polish-belarusian-literature |access-date=24 August 2020 |archive-date=13 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200913035656/https://culture.pl/en/article/the-white-red-white-banner-of-polish-belarusian-literature |url-status=live }}</ref> ''The Cambridge History of Russia'' describes him as Polish but sees his ethnic origins as "Lithuanian-Belarusian (and perhaps Jewish)."<ref name="The Cambridge History of Russia: Imperial Russia, 1689-1917"/>

Some sources assert that Mickiewicz's mother was descended from a converted, [[Jacob Frank|Frankist]] Jewish family.<ref name="movement"/><ref name="encyclopaedia"/><ref name="brotherhood"/> Others view this as improbable.<ref name="cze231"/><ref name="contemporaries"/><ref name="frankists"/><ref name="niniwa2"/> Polish historian [[Kazimierz Wyka]], in his biographic entry in ''[[Polski Słownik Biograficzny]]'' (1975) wrote that this hypothesis, based on the fact that his mother's maiden name, Majewska, was popular among [[Frankism|Frankist]] Jews, but has not been proven.<ref name="psb694"/> Wyka states that the poet's mother was the daughter of a noble (''[[szlachta]]'') family of [[Starykoń coat of arms]], living on an estate at Czombrów in [[Nowogródek Voivodeship (1507–1795)|Nowogródek Voivodeship]] (Navahrudak Voivodeship).<ref name="psb694"/> According to the Belarusian historian Rybczonek, Mickiewicz's mother had [[Tatars|Tatar]] ([[Lipka Tatars]]) roots.<ref name="mickiewicza" />

Virgil Krapauskas noted that "Lithuanians like to prove that Adam Mickiewicz was Lithuanian"<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Krapauskas|first=Virgil|date=1 September 1998|title=Political change in Poland and Lithuania: The impact on Polish-Lithuanian ethnic relations as reflected in Lithuanian-language publications in Poland (1945–1991)|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/01629779800000111|journal=Journal of Baltic Studies|volume=29|issue=3|pages=261–278|doi=10.1080/01629779800000111|issn=0162-9778|access-date=8 September 2020|archive-date=24 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424041817/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01629779800000111|url-status=live}}</ref> while [[Tomas Venclova]] described this attitude as "the story of Mickiewicz's appropriation by [[Culture of Lithuania|Lithuanian culture]]".<ref name="venc" /> For example, the Lithuanian scholar of literature {{Interlanguage link|Juozapas Girdzijauskas|lt}} writes that Mickiewicz's family was descended from an old [[Lithuanian nobility|Lithuanian noble family]] (with ancestor's name [[Rimvydas]]) with origins predating [[Christianization of Lithuania|Lithuania's Christianization]],<ref name="antologija"/> but the Lithuanian nobility in Mickiewicz's time was heavily [[Polonization|Polonized]] and spoke Polish.<ref name=venc/> Mickiewicz had been brought up in [[Polish-Lithuanian identity|the culture of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]], a multicultural state that had encompassed most of what today are the separate countries of Poland, Lithuania, Belarus and Ukraine. To Mickiewicz, a splitting of that multicultural state into separate entities – due to trends such as [[Lithuanian National Revival]] – was undesirable,<ref name=venc/> if not outright unthinkable.<ref name="O'Connor2006"/> According to Romanucci-Ross, while Mickiewicz called himself a '' [[Litvin]]'' ("Lithuanian"), in his time the idea of a separate "Lithuanian identity", apart from a "Polish" one, did not exist.<ref name="prospects"/> This multicultural aspect is evident in his works: his most famous poetic work, ''[[Pan Tadeusz]]'', begins with the Polish-language invocation, "Oh Lithuania, my homeland, thou art like health&nbsp;..." (''"Litwo! Ojczyzno moja! ty jesteś jak zdrowie&nbsp;..."''). It is generally accepted, however, that Mickiewicz, when referring to Lithuania, meant a historical region rather than a linguistic and cultural entity, and he often applied the term "Lithuanian" to the Slavic inhabitants of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.<ref name="venc"/>