Editing Abbasid Caliphate (section)

===Islamic Golden Age===
{{Main|Islamic Golden Age}}
{{Further |Early Islamic philosophy|List of inventions in the medieval Islamic world}}
[[File:Folio from the "Tashkent Qur'an" MET DP234018.jpg|thumb|Page from the "[[Samarkand Kufic Quran|Tashkent Qur'an]]", one of the oldest surviving Qur'an manuscripts, dating from the late 8th or early 9th century<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ekhtiar |first=Maryam D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r-RoDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA74 |title=How to Read Islamic Calligraphy |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |year=2018 |isbn=978-1-58839-630-3 |pages=76 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Folio from the "Tashkent Qur'an" |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/454661 |access-date=4 March 2025 |website=The Metropolitan Museum of Art}}</ref>]]
The Abbasid historical period lasting to the [[Mongol conquest of Baghdad]] in 1258 CE is considered the Islamic Golden Age.<ref name="Tahir Abbas">{{harvnb|Abbas|2011|p=9}}</ref> The Islamic Golden Age was inaugurated by the middle of the 8th century by the ascension of the Abbasid [[Caliphate]] and the transfer of the capital from [[Damascus]] to Baghdad.<ref name="Vartan">{{harvnb|Gregorian|2003}}</ref> The Abbasids were influenced by the [[Qur'an]]ic injunctions and [[hadith]], such as "the ink of a scholar is more holy than the blood of a martyr", stressing the value of knowledge. During this period the Muslim world became an intellectual center for science, philosophy, medicine and education as<ref name="Vartan" /> the Abbasids championed the cause of knowledge and established the [[House of Wisdom]] in Baghdad, where both Muslim and non-Muslim scholars sought to translate and gather all the world's knowledge into [[Arabic language|Arabic]].<ref name="Vartan" /> Many classic works of antiquity that would otherwise have been lost were translated into Arabic and Persian and later in turn translated into Turkish, Hebrew and Latin.<ref name="Vartan" /> During this period the Muslim world was a cauldron of cultures which collected, synthesized and significantly advanced the knowledge gained from the [[Ancient Rome|Roman]], Chinese, [[History of India|Indian]], [[Sasanian Empire|Persian]], [[Ancient Egypt|Egyptian]], North African, [[Ancient Greece|Ancient Greek]] and [[Byzantine|Medieval Greek]] civilizations.<ref name="Vartan" /> According to Huff, "[i]n virtually every field of endeavor—in astronomy, alchemy, mathematics, medicine, optics and so forth—the Caliphate's scientists were in the forefront of scientific advance."<ref>{{harvnb|Huff|2003|p=48}}</ref>