Editing 1992 Summer Olympics (section)

==Broadcasting==
===International signal===
In order to guarantee that the international signal was produced objectively and impartially, for the first time in Olympic history, a host broadcaster was expressly created for each of the 1992 Olympic Games instead of delegating responsibility to a national host broadcaster. The Albertville Organizing Committee created the Organisme de radio télévision olympique '92 (ORTO'92) for the Winter Olympics and the Barcelona Organizing Committee created the Ràdio Televisió Olímpica '92 (RTO'92) for the Summer Olympics.<ref name=OR4/>

RTO'92 managed the staff and the production and technical resources hired to [[RTVE|Radiotelevisión Española]] (RTVE), the [[Corporació Catalana de Mitjans Audiovisuals|Corporació Catalana de Ràdio i Televisió]] (CCRTV) and the [[European Broadcasting Union]] (EBU). With a workforce of 3,083 people, a permanent radio and television installation at the Olympic Stadium and Palau Sant Jordi, and over 50 [[Production truck|mobile units]] for other venues, RTO'92 provided live coverage of all Summer Olympic sports for the first time ever –except for a few preliminary events–, some 2,800 hours of live television footage, to its international rights-holders. The [[International Broadcast Centre]] (IBC) was located at the exhibition halls of [[Fira de Barcelona]] in Montjuïc.<ref name=OR4>{{cite book|url=https://digital.la84.org/digital/collection/p17103coll8/id/35276/rec/58|title=Official Report of the Games of the XXV Olympiad, Barcelona 1992|volume=3|pages=64–69|year=1992|publisher=[[International Olympic Committee]]|access-date=11 November 2022}}</ref>

[[NHK]] and [[Panasonic]] developed the 1/2" DX digital system used to record the Games digitally for the first time. Also new were the underwater [[camera dolly]] on a track at the bottom of the swimming pool, the underwater microcameras at the bottom of the water polo pool, the periscope camera capable of transmit shots from below and above the water, the overhead camera dolly on a track along the canopy of the Olympic Stadium for the {{convert|35|m}} high zenithal shot of the athletics track, the stabilized optic gyro-zoom cameras, the super slow motion PAL camera and the microcamera on the high jump bar.<ref name=OR4/>

===Personalized coverage===
To cover the Games, major international broadcasting unions such as the [[Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union]] (ABU), the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), the [[International Radio and Television Organisation]] (OIRT), the {{lang|es|[[Organización de Televisión Iberoamericana]]|i=no}} (OTI), the [[Arab States Broadcasting Union]] (ASBU), the [[Caribbean Broadcasting Union]] (CBU) and the [[African Union of Broadcasting|Union of African National Television and Radio Organizations]] (URTNA), secured the rights for their member broadcasters in their countries. In other countries, broadcast networks secured the rights directly or pooled to secure the rights. The Games were covered by the following television and radio broadcasters:<ref>{{cite book|title=Television in the Olympics : international research project|year=1995|publisher=James F. Larson|isbn=978-0861965380|pages=257–260|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U_u73VtZcJIC&pg=PA260 |edition=illustrated|editor=Miquel de Moragas, Nancy Kay Rivenburgh|access-date=27 April 2013}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Territory
!Television
!Radio
|-
|{{flag|Algeria}}
|[[Entreprise nationale de télévision|ENTV]]
|
|-
|{{flag|Argentina}}
|{{flatlist}}
*Channel 20 
*[[América TV]]
*[[Telefe]]
*[[El Trece|Canal 13]]
{{endflatlist}}
|
|-
|{{flag|Australia}}
|[[Seven Network]]
|[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC]]
|-
|{{flag|Austria}}
|[[ORF (broadcaster)|ORF]]
|[[ORF (broadcaster)|ORF]]
|-
|{{flag|Belarus|1991}}
|[[Belteleradio|btv]]
|
|-
|{{flag|Belgium}}
|{{flatlist}}
*[[VRT (broadcaster)|BRTN]]
*[[RTBF]]
{{endflatlist}}
|{{flatlist}}
*[[VRT (broadcaster)|BRTN]]
*[[RTBF]]
{{endflatlist}}
|-
|{{flag|Brazil}}
|{{flatlist}}
*[[Rede Bandeirantes]]
*[[Rede Globo]]
*[[Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão|SBT]]
*[[Rede Manchete]]
*[[SporTV|TopSport]]
{{endflatlist}}
|{{flatlist}}
*[[Rádio Bandeirantes|RB]]
*Rádio Brasil Itália
*[[Rádio Record]]
{{endflatlist}}
|-
|{{flag|Bulgaria}}
|[[Bulgarian National Television|BNT]]
|
|-
|{{flag|Canada}}
|{{flatlist}}
*[[CTV Television Network|CTV]]
*[[TVA (Canadian TV network)|TVA]]
{{endflatlist}}
|
|-
|{{flag|Chile}}
|{{flatlist}}
*[[Canal 13 (Chilean TV channel)|UCTV]]
*[[Televisión Nacional de Chile|TVN]]
{{endflatlist}}
|
|-
|{{flag|China}}
|[[China Central Television|CCTV]]
|[[China National Radio|CPBS]]
|-
|{{flag|Colombia}}
|[[Canal A]]
|{{flatlist}}
*[[RCN Radio]]
*[[Caracol Radio]]
*[[Inravisión]]
{{endflatlist}}
|-
|{{flag|Croatia}}
|[[Croatian Radiotelevision|HRT]]
|[[Croatian Radiotelevision|HRT]]
|-
|{{flag|Cuba}}
|[[Cuban Institute of Radio and Television|ICRT]]
|[[Cuban Institute of Radio and Television|ICRT]]
|-
|{{flag|Cyprus}}
|[[Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation|CyBC]]
|
|-
|{{flag|Czechoslovakia}}
|[[Czechoslovak Television|ČST]]
|Czechoslovak Radio
|-
|{{flag|Denmark}}
|[[DR (broadcaster)|DR]]
|[[DR (broadcaster)|DR]]
|-
|{{flag|Egypt}}
|[[ERTU]]
|[[ERTU]]
|-
|{{flag|Estonia}}
|[[Eesti Televisioon|ETV]]
|
|-
|{{flag|Finland}}
|[[Yle]]
|[[Yle]]
|-
|{{flag|France}}
|{{flatlist}}
*[[France 2|Antenne 2]]
*[[France 3|FR3]]
*[[TF1]]
*[[Canal+ (French TV channel)|Canal+]]
{{endflatlist}}
|{{flatlist}}
*[[Radio France]]
*[[Europe 1]]
*[[Radio France Internationale|RFI]]
{{endflatlist}}
|-
|{{flag|Germany}}
|{{flatlist}}
*[[ARD (broadcaster)|ARD]]
*[[RTL Television|RTL]]
*[[ZDF]]
{{endflatlist}}
|[[ARD (broadcaster)|ARD]]
|-
|{{flag|Greece}}
|[[Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation|ERT]]
|[[Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation|ERT]]
|-
|{{flag|Hong Kong|colonial}}
|{{flatlist}}
*[[Asia Television|ATV]] ([[ATV Home|Cantonese]] & [[ATV World|English]])
*[[TVB]] ([[TVB Jade|Cantonese]] & [[TVB Pearl|English]])
*[[Fox Networks Group Asia Pacific|STAR TV]] ([[STAR Chinese Channel|Chinese]] & [[STAR World|English]])
{{endflatlist}}
|
|-
|{{flag|Hungary}}
|[[Magyar Televízió|MTV]]
|[[Magyar Rádió]]
|-
|{{flag|Iceland}}
|[[RÚV]]
|[[RÚV]]
|-
|{{flag|India}}
|[[Doordarshan]]
|
|-
|{{flag|Indonesia}}
|{{flatlist}}
*[[TVRI]] (National)
*[[RCTI]] ([[Jakarta]] & [[Bandung]])
*[[SCTV (Indonesia)|SCTV]] ([[Surabaya]], [[Surakarta|Solo]] & [[Denpasar]])
*[[MNCTV|TPI Education]] ([[Jakarta]], [[Banda Aceh]] & [[Dili]])
{{endflatlist}}
|[[Radio Republik Indonesia]]
|-
|{{flag|Iran}}
|[[Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting]]
|
|-
|{{flag|Ireland}}
|[[RTÉ]]
|[[RTÉ]]
|-
|{{flag|Israel}}
|[[Israel Broadcasting Authority|IBA]]
|[[Israel Broadcasting Authority|IBA]]
|-
|{{flag|Italy}}
|[[RAI]]
|[[RAI]]
|-
|{{flag|Japan|1870}}
|{{flatlist}}
*[[Japan Consortium|Japon Consortium]]
**[[NHK General TV]]
**[[Nippon TV]]
**[[TV Asahi]]
**[[TBS Holdings]]
**[[TV Tokyo]]
**[[Fuji TV]]
**[[JAITS]]
{{endflatlist}}
|{{flatlist}}
*FM Hokkaidō
*[[Nippon Cultural Broadcasting]]
*[[Nippon Broadcasting System]]
{{endflatlist}}
|-
|{{flag|Jordan}}
|[[Jordan Radio and Television Corporation|JRTV]]
|
|-
|{{flag|Lebanon}}
|[[Télé Liban]]
|
|-
|{{flag|Libya|1977}}
|[[Libyan Jamahiriya Broadcasting Corporation|LJBC]]
|
|-
|{{flag|Lithuania|1990}}
|[[LRT televizija|LTV]]
|
|-
|{{flag|Luxembourg}}
|[[RTL Télé Lëtzebuerg|RTL]]
|[[RTL Télé Lëtzebuerg|RTL]]
|-
|{{flag|Macau|colonial}}
|{{flatlist}}
*[[TDM (Macau)|TDM]]
*[[Fox Networks Group Asia Pacific|STAR TV]] ([[STAR Chinese Channel|Chinese]] & [[STAR World|English]])
{{endflatlist}}
|[[TDM (Macau)|TDM]]
|-
|{{flag|Malaysia}}
|{{flatlist}}
*[[Radio Televisyen Malaysia|RTM]] ([[TV1 (Malaysia)|TV1]] & [[TV2 (Malaysia)|TV2]])
*[[Sistem Televisyen Malaysia Berhad|STMB]] ([[TV3 (Malaysia)|TV3]])
{{endflatlist}}
|[[Radio Televisyen Malaysia|RTM]]
|-
|{{flag|Malta}}
|[[Public Broadcasting Services|MBA]]
|
|-
|{{flag|Mexico}}
|[[Televisa]]
|-
|{{flag|Monaco}}
|[[Radio Monte Carlo|RMC]]
|[[Radio Monte Carlo|RMC]]
|-
|{{flag|Mongolia}}
|[[Mongolian National Broadcaster|MNB]]
|
|-
|{{flag|Morocco}}
|[[Société Nationale de Radiodiffusion et de Télévision|RTM]]
|[[Société Nationale de Radiodiffusion et de Télévision|RTM]]
|-
|{{flag|Netherlands}}
|[[Nederlandse Omroep Stichting|NOS]]
|[[Nederlandse Omroep Stichting|NOS]]
|-
|{{flag|New Zealand}}
|[[Television New Zealand|TVNZ]]
|[[Radio New Zealand|RNZ]]
|-
|{{flag|Norway}}
|[[NRK]]
|[[NRK]]
|-
|{{flag|Pakistan}}
|[[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]]
|[[Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation|PBC]]
|-
|{{flag|Philippines|1986}}
|[[ABS-CBN]]
|{{flatlist}}
*[[DZBB-AM|DZBB 594 Radyo Bisig Bayan]]
*[[DZSR|DZSR Sports Radio 738]]
{{endflatlist}}
|-
|{{flag|Poland}}
|[[Telewizja Polska|TVP]]
|[[Polskie Radio|PR S.A.]]
|-
|{{flag|Portugal}}
|[[Rádio e Televisão de Portugal|RTP]]
|[[Rádio e Televisão de Portugal|RDP]]
|-
|{{flag|Puerto Rico|1952}}
|[[Puerto Rico Public Broadcasting Corporation|WIPR]]
|
|-
|{{flag|Romania}}
|[[Romanian Television|TVR]]
|[[Romanian Radio Broadcasting Company|Radio România]]
|-
|{{flag|Russia|1991}}
|{{flatlist}}
*[[Channel One Russia|Channel One]]
*[[Rossiya 1|RTR]]
{{endflatlist}}
|
|-
|{{flag|Singapore}}
|[[Singapore Broadcasting Corporation|SBC]] [[MediaCorp TV12|Channel 12]]
|
|-
|{{flag|Slovenia}}
|[[RTV Slovenija|RTVSLO]]
|[[RTV Slovenija|RTVSLO]]
|-
|{{flag|South Africa|1982}}
|[[South African Broadcasting Corporation|SABC]]
|
|-
|{{flag|South Korea|1984}}
|{{flatlist}}
*Korean Consortium
**[[Korean Broadcasting System|KBS]] ([[KBS 1TV]])
**[[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|MBC]]
**[[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]]
{{endflatlist}}
|
|-
|{{flag|Spain}}
||{{flatlist}}
*[[Televisión Española|TVE]]
*[[Televisió de Catalunya]]
{{endflatlist}}
|{{flatlist}}
*[[Catalunya Ràdio]]
*[[Antena 3 Radio|Antena 3]]
*[[Cadena COPE|COPE]]
*[[Radio Nacional de España|RNE]]
*[[Onda Cero]]
*[[Cadena SER]]
{{endflatlist}}
|-
|{{flag|Sweden}}
|[[Sveriges Television|SVT]]
|[[Sveriges Radio|SR]]
|-
|{{flag|Switzerland}}
|{{flatlist}}
*[[SRG SSR]]
*[[Radiotelevisione svizzera#Televisione svizzera di lingua italiana|TSI]]
{{endflatlist}}
|[[SRG SSR]]
|-
|{{flag|Taiwan}}
|{{flatlist}}
*[[Taiwan Television|TTV]]
*[[China Television|CTV]]
*[[Chinese Television System|CTS]]
{{endflatlist}}
|
|-
|{{flag|Thailand}}
|{{flatlist}}
*[[Channel 3 (Thailand)|Channel 3]]
*[[Channel 5 (Thailand)|Channel 5]]
*[[Channel 7 (Thailand)|Channel 7]]
*[[Channel 9 (Thailand)|Channel 9]]
*[[National Broadcasting Services of Thailand|Television Thailand Channel 11]]
{{endflatlist}}
|
|-
|{{flag|Tunisia}}
|[[Établissement de la Radiodiffusion-Télévision Tunisienne|ERTT]]
|
|-
|{{flag|Turkey}}
|[[Turkish Radio and Television Corporation|TRT]]
|[[Turkish Radio and Television Corporation|TRT]]
|-
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
|[[BBC One]]
|[[BBC Radio 4]] 
|-
|{{flag|United States}}
|[[Olympics on NBC|NBC]]

|-
|-
|{{flag|Venezuela|1954}}
|[[Venevisión]]
|
|}

===HDTV coverage===
The 1992 Winter and Summer Olympics were the first in which a comprehensive coverage in [[high-definition television]] (HDTV) was attempted. The European HDTV broadcast of the Summer Olympics was managed by the joint venture "Barcelona 1250" created by RTO'92, RTVE, [[Retevisión]] and PESA, with the financial support of the [[European Economic Community]] and a workforce of over 300 production and technical staff. A total of 225 hours and 45 minutes was broadcast in analog [[HD-MAC]] standard in 1,250 lines and [[16:9 aspect ratio]], with commentary in five languages –Spanish, English, French, German and Italian– in addition to the non-commentary sound track, of eighteen different sports at seventeen venues, as well as the opening and closing ceremonies. Events from five venues were covered live –80% of the total broadcast time– and other events were recorded for a delayed broadcast. On-screen text and graphics were shown in HDTV for the first time ever. Nearly 700 viewing sites installed throughout Europe, including the fifty HDTV receivers installed in various pavilions at the [[Seville Expo '92|Seville Universal Exposition]], were able to receive the broadcast.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://tech.ebu.ch/docs/techreview/trev_254-romero.pdf|title=HDTV coverage of the Barcelona Olympic Games|author1=Romero, M.|author2=Gavilán, E.|journal=EBU Technical Review|date=Winter 1992|pages=16–24|publisher=[[European Broadcasting Union]]|access-date=13 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706225141/https://tech.ebu.ch/docs/techreview/trev_254-romero.pdf|archive-date=6 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref>

For Japan, NHK also covered the 1992 Summer Olympics in HDTV in their own analog [[Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding|Hi-Vision]] system.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.jef.or.jp/journal/pdf/trends_9311.pdf|title=Current State of Japanese HDTV|author=Yukio, Omori|journal=Journal of Japanese Trade & Industry|year=1993|number=6|pages=36–38|access-date=14 November 2022}}</ref>