Editing 1930s (section)

===Other prominent political events===
* The [[Great Depression]] seriously affects the economic, political, and social aspects of society across the world.
* The [[League of Nations]] collapses as countries like Germany, the [[Kingdom of Italy]], and the [[Empire of Japan]] abdicate the League.

====Europe====
[[File:GolodomorKharkiv.jpg|thumb|[[Soviet famine of 1930–1933]]. Starved peasants in the streets of Kharkiv, 1933]]

* In 1930, [[Miguel Primo de Rivera]], [[Prime Minister of Spain]] and head of a [[military dictatorship]] is forced to resign in response to a financial crisis (part of the [[Great Depression]]). [[Alfonso XIII of Spain]], who had previously backed the dictatorship, attempts to return gradually to the previous system and restore his prestige. This failed utterly, as the King was considered a supporter of the dictatorship, and more and more political forces called for the establishment of a republic. In 1931, republican and socialist parties won a major victory in the local elections, while the monarchists were in decline. Street riots ensued, calling for the removal of the monarchy. The [[Spanish Army]] declared that they would not defend the King. Alfonso flees the country, effectively abdicating and ending the [[Spain under the Restoration|Bourbon Restoration]] phase which had started in the 1870s. A [[Second Spanish Republic]] emerges.
* In the [[Soviet Union]], [[Collectivization in the Soviet Union|agricultural collectivization]] and rapid [[History of the Soviet Union (1927–1953)|industrialization take place]].<ref>{{cite journal|author = A. L. Unger|title = Stalin's Renewal of the Leading Stratum: A Note on the Great Purge|journal = [[Soviet Studies]]| volume = 20|number = 3|pages = 321–330 |jstor=149486|doi = 10.1080/09668136808410659 |date= January 1969}}</ref> Millions died during the [[Holodomor]].
* More than 25 million people migrate to cities in the Soviet Union.
* [[Anglo-German Naval Agreement]] is signed in 1935, removing the [[Treaty of Versailles]]' level of limitation on the size of the ''[[Kriegsmarine]]'' (navy). The agreement allows Germany to build a larger naval force.
* [[Éamon de Valera]] introduces a new [[constitution]] for the [[Irish Free State]] in 1937, effectively ending its status as a [[Dominion|British Dominion]].
*The [[Silver Jubilee of George V]] was celebrated on 6 May 1935 to mark 25 years of [[King George V]] as the King of the [[United Kingdom]] and the British Dominions, and [[Emperor of India]]. It was the first ever Silver Jubilee celebration of any British monarch in history.
* The "[[Great Purge]]" of "[[Old Bolsheviks]]" from the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]] takes place from 1936 to 1938, as ordered by Soviet Union leader [[Joseph Stalin]], resulting in hundreds of thousands of people being killed. This purge was due to mistrust and political differences, as well as the massive drop in grain produce. This was due to the method of collectivization in Russia. The Soviet Union produced 16 million lbs of grain less in 1934 compared to 1930. This led to the starvation of millions of Russians.
* The [[Abdication of Edward VIII]] in 1936, gives the British Crown to [[George VI]], 325 days after the death of his father [[George V]]. The [[Coronation of George VI and Elizabeth]] takes place in May 1937.
* The [[Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne (1937)|1937 World's Fair]] in Paris displays the growing political tensions in Europe. The pavilions of the rival countries of [[Nazi Germany]] and the Soviet Union face each other. Germany at the time was internationally condemned for [[Luftwaffe]] (its air force) having performed a [[Bombing of Guernica|bombing]] of the [[Basque Country (greater region)|Basque]] town of [[Guernica (town)|Guernica]] in Spain during the [[Spanish Civil War]]. Spanish artist [[Pablo Picasso]] depicted the bombing in his masterpiece painting ''[[Guernica (painting)|Guernica]]'' at the World Fair, which was a [[Surrealism|surrealist]] depiction of the horror of the bombing.
* Referendum in the [[Irish Free State]] in December 1937 on whether Ireland should continue to be a constitutional monarchy under King [[George VI]] or to become a [[republic]] results in citizens voting in favour of a republic, ending the remains of British sovereignty through monarchial authority over the state.

====Africa====
[[File:Omar Mokhtar arrested by Italian Fascists.jpg|thumb|[[Senusiyya|Senussi]] rebel leader [[Omar al-Mukhtar]] after his arrest by Italian armed forces in 1931]]
* [[J. B. M. Hertzog]] of South Africa, whose National Party had won the 1929 election alone after splitting with the Labour Party, received much of the blame for the devastating economic impact of the Depression.

====Americas====
* Canada and other dominions  under the [[British Empire]] sign the [[Statute of Westminster 1931|Statute of Westminster]] in 1931, establishing effective parliamentary independence of Canada from the parliament of the United Kingdom.
* [[1939 New York World's Fair]], the USA displays the pavilions showing art, culture, and technology from the whole world.
* [[Newfoundland and Labrador|Newfoundland]] voluntarily returns to British colonial rule in 1934 amid its economic crisis during the Great Depression with the creation of the [[Commission of Government]], a non-elected body.
* [[Prime Minister of Canada|Canadian Prime Minister]] [[William Lyon Mackenzie King|W. L. Mackenzie King]] meets with German [[Führer]] [[Adolf Hitler]] in 1937 in Berlin. King is the only North American head of government to meet with Hitler.
* [[Amelia Earhart]] receives major attention in the 1930s as the first woman pilot to conduct major air flights. Her disappearance for unknown reasons in 1937 while on flight prompted search efforts that failed.
* Southern [[Great Plains]] devastated by decades-long [[Dust Bowl]]
* In 1932, the Polish [[Cipher Bureau (Poland)|Cipher Bureau]] broke the German Enigma cipher and overcame the ever-growing structural and operating complexities of the evolving [[Enigma machine]] with [[plugboard]], the main German cipher device during [[World War II]].
* [[Getúlio Vargas]] became the President of Brazil after the [[Revolution of 1930|1930 coup d'état]].

====Asia====
[[File:Marche sel.jpg|thumb|right|[[Mohandas Gandhi]] on the [[Salt Satyagraha|Salt March]] in 1930]]
* Major international media attention follows [[Mohandas Gandhi]]'s [[Nonviolent resistance|peaceful resistance]] movement against the British colonial rule in India.
* [[Chinese Communist Party]] leader [[Mao Zedong]] forms the small enclave state called the [[Chinese Soviet Republic]] in 1931.
* The [[Gandhi–Irwin Pact]] is signed by Mohandas Gandhi and [[E. F. L. Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax|Lord Irwin]], [[Viceroy of India]], on March 5, 1931. Gandhi agrees to end the campaign of [[civil disobedience]] being carried out by the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) in exchange for Irwin accepting the INC to participate in roundtable talks on British colonial policy in India.
* The [[Government of India Act 1935|Government of India Act of 1935]] is enacted by the [[Governor-General of India]], separating [[British rule in Burma|British Burma]] to become a separate British possession and also increasing the political autonomy of the remaining [[presidencies and provinces of British India]].
* Mao Zedong's Chinese communists begin a large retreat from advancing nationalist forces, called the [[Long March]], beginning in October 1934 and ending in October 1936 and resulting in the collapse of the Chinese Soviet Republic.[[File:First pictures of the Japanese occupation of Peiping in China.jpg|thumb|right|Japanese march into [[Zhengyangmen]] of [[Beijing]] after capturing the city in July 1937]]
* Colonial India's [[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]] leader [[Muhammed Ali Jinnah]] delivers his "[[Day of Deliverance (India)|Day of Deliverance]]" speech on December 2, 1939, calling upon [[Muslims]] to begin to engage in civil disobedience against the British colonial government starting on December 12. Jinnah demands redress and resolution to tensions and violence occurring between Muslims and [[Hindus]] in India. Jinnah's actions are not supported by the largely Hindu-dominated [[Indian National Congress]] whom he had previously closely allied with. The decision is seen as part of an agenda by Jinnah to support the eventual creation of an independent Muslim state called [[Pakistan]] from British Empire.

====Australia====
* Australia and New Zealand sign the [[Statute of Westminster 1931|Statute of Westminster]] in 1931 which established legislative equality between the self-governing [[dominion]]s of the [[British Empire]] and the United Kingdom, with a few residual exceptions. The [[Parliament of Australia]] and [[Parliament of New Zealand]] gain full legislative authority over their territories, no longer sharing powers with the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]].
* The [[New Guinea Highlands]] were first visited by Western explorers in the 1930s. The highland valleys were found to be inhabited by over a million people.<ref>{{cite web |title=Papua New Guinea – The colonial period |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Papua-New-Guinea/The-colonial-period |publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica}}</ref>