Editing 12th century (section)

===1190–1200===
[[Image:Richard coeurdelion g.jpg|thumb|[[Richard I of England]], or Richard the Lionheart.]]
* [[1190]]: On June 10, Emperor Frederick Barbarossa drowns in the River Salef, leaving the Crusader army under the command of the rivals [[Philip II of France]] and [[Richard I of England]], which ultimately leads to the dissolution of the army.
* [[1191]]: Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI attacked the Kingdom of Sicily from May to August but fails and withdrawn, with Empress Constance captured (released 1192).
* [[1191]]: On September 7, [[Saladin]] is defeated by [[Richard I]] of England at the [[Battle of Arsuf]].
* [[1192]]: In April, [[Isabella I of Jerusalem|Isabella I]] begins her reign as Christian Queen of the [[Kingdom of Jerusalem]]
* [[1192]]: In the [[Battle of Jaffa (1192)|Battle of Jaffa]], King [[Richard the Lionheart]] defeats [[Saladin]].
* [[1192]]: In June, the [[Treaty of Ramla]] is signed by Saladin and Richard Lionheart. Under the terms of the agreement, Jerusalem will remain under Muslim control. However, the city will be open to Christian pilgrims. The Latin Kingdom is reduced to a coastal strip that extends from Tyre to Jaffa.
* [[1192]]: [[Minamoto no Yoritomo]] is appointed ''Sei-i Taishōgun'', "barbarian-subduing great general", ''shōgun'' for short, the first military dictator to bear this title.
* [[1192]]: Sultan [[Muhammad of Ghor|Shahābuddin Muhammad Ghori]] establishes the first [[List of Muslim states and dynasties|Muslim empire]] in India for 14 years (1192–1206) by defeating [[Prithviraj Chauhan]].
* [[1193]]: [[Nalanda]], the great Indian [[Buddhist]] educational centre, is destroyed.
*
* [[1194]]: Emperor Henry VI conquers the Kingdom of Sicily.
* [[1195]]: On June 16, the struggle of [[Battle of Shamkor|Shamqori]]. [[Georgia (country)|Georgian]] forces annihilate the army of [[Abu Baqar]].
* [[1198]]: The brethren of the Crusader hospital in Acre are raised to a military order of knights, the [[Teutonic Knights]], formally known as the Order of the Knights of the Hospital of St. Mary of the Teutons in Jerusalem.
* [[1199]]: [[Pope Innocent III]] writes to [[Kaloyan]], inviting him to unite the [[Bulgarian Church]] with the [[Roman Catholic Church]].
* [[1200]]: Construction begins on the [[Grand Village of the Natchez]] near [[Natchez, Mississippi]]. This ceremonial center for the [[Natchez people]] is occupied and built until the early 17th century.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Francine Weiss and Mark R. Barnes |date=May 3, 1989 |title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: Grand Village of the Natchez Site / Fatherland Plantation Site (22-Ad-501) |url={{NHLS url|id=66000408}} |publisher=National Park Service |format=pdf}} and {{NHLS url|id=66000408|title=Accompanying 3 photos, from 1989.|photos=y}}&nbsp;{{small|(680&nbsp;KB)}}</ref>