Editing Zhao Ziyang (section)

==House arrest==
[[File:No.6 Fuqiang Hutong.JPG|thumb|No. 6 Fuqiang Hutong, where Zhao lived]]
Zhao lived for the next fifteen years under house arrest, accompanied by his wife, at the No. 6 {{Interlanguage link|富强胡同|lt=Fuqiang Hutong|zh}}, in the [[Dongcheng District, Beijing|Dongcheng District]] of central Beijing, near [[Zhongnanhai]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gao|first=Feng|others=Translated and edited by Luisetta Mudie|title=Removal Crews at Home of Late Chinese Premier Ahead of CCP Centenary|url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/china/crews-06252021134140.html|access-date=5 July 2021|website=[[Radio Free Asia]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Weerasekara|first=Poornima|date=28 April 2017|title=Living History: Beijing Back Alley Memories Revived by Folklore Scholar – Caixin Global|url=https://www.caixinglobal.com/2017-04-28/living-history-beijing-back-alley-memories-revived-by-folklore-scholar-101084521.html|access-date=5 July 2021|website=[[Caixin Global]]|language=en}}</ref> Supplied by the Beijing government, the [[Hutong]] residence had once belonged to a hairdresser of the [[Qing Dynasty]] [[Empress Dowager Cixi]],<ref name="independent" /> and Hu Yaobang before his death in 1989.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Garnaut|first=John|date=29 May 2009|title=Twenty years on – legacy of a massacre|url=https://www.theage.com.au/world/twenty-years-on--legacy-of-a-massacre-20090529-bq92.html|access-date=29 June 2021|website=[[The Age]]|language=en}}</ref> The home was a traditional [[siheyuan]], with three courtyards. The front courtyard consisted of an office and sleeping room, and was occupied with guards. Zhao's study was in the second courtyard, while the innermost courtyard housed the living quarters, where Zhao lived with his wife and his daughter's family.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Nathan|first=Andrew|date=1 July 2008|title=Zhao Ziyang's vision of Chinese Democracy|url=http://journals.openedition.org/chinaperspectives/4223|journal=China Perspectives|language=en|volume=2008|issue=2008/3|pages=136–142|doi=10.4000/chinaperspectives.4223|issn=2070-3449|doi-access=free}}</ref>

Zhao remained under tight supervision, and was reportedly locked in his home with a bicycle lock.<ref name=":2" />  He was only allowed to leave his courtyard compound or receive visitors with permission from the highest echelons of the Party. Beginning in the 1990s, Zhao was allowed to vacation within China under watch, which included travelling to southern China to play golf, with permission from high-ranking party officials.<ref name="NYT3" /> Over that period, only a few [[Snapshot (photography)|snapshot]]s of a gray-haired Zhao leaked out to the media.

Despite Zhao's house arrest, no formal charges were ever laid against him, and he was not expelled from the CCP.<ref name="BBC1" /> He also retained permission to read classified documents.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Shambaugh|first=David|author-link=David Shambaugh|date=1991|title=China in 1990: The Year of Damage Control|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2645183|journal=[[Asian Survey]]|volume=31|issue=1|pages=36–49|doi=10.2307/2645183|jstor=2645183|issn=0004-4687}}</ref> According to Hong Kong-based {{Interlanguage link|開放雜誌|lt=Open Magazine|zh}}, Deng considered Zhao neither a "party splittist" nor a "supporter of the upheaval", telling Zhao that his record was 70% good and 30% bad, similar to Deng's own situation under Mao in 1976.<ref name=":3" /> Becker, however, contended in Zhao's obituary that Deng and his subordinates "certainly believed Zhao was behind the protests".<ref name="independent" />

After 1989, Zhao remained ideologically estranged from the Chinese government. He remained popular among those who believed that the government was wrong in ordering the Tiananmen Massacre, and that the Party should reassess its position on the student protests. He continued to hold China's top leadership responsible for the assault, and refused to accept the official Party line that the demonstrations had been a part of a "counter-revolutionary rebellion".<ref name="NYT" /> On at least two occasions Zhao wrote letters, addressed to the Chinese government, in which he put forward the case for a reassessment of the Tiananmen Massacre. One of those letters appeared on the eve of the [[15th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party]]. The other came during a 1998 visit to China by U.S. President [[Bill Clinton]].<ref name="NYT3" /> Neither was ever published in mainland China. Zhao eventually came to hold a number of beliefs that were much more radical than any positions he had ever expressed while in power. Zhao came to believe that China should adopt a [[Freedom of the press|free press]], [[freedom of assembly]], an [[independent judiciary]], and a [[Multi-party system|multiparty parliamentary democracy]].<ref name="SCMPSon" /><ref name="Link" />