Editing Western imperialism in Asia (section)

===Dutch New Imperialism in Asia===
{{main|Dutch East Indies}}
[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Gouverneur Bijleveld met Sultan Hamengkoe Boewono VIII tijdens een bezoek aan de Kraton van de Sultan van Jogjakarta TMnr 60033546.jpg|thumb|upright|The Dutch Governor-General, highest authority in the colony and the Sultan of Jogjakarta.]]

The company was in almost constant conflict with the English; relations were particularly tense following the [[Amboyna Massacre]] in 1623. During the 18th century, [[Dutch East India Company]] possessions were increasingly focused on the East Indies. After [[Fourth Anglo-Dutch War|the fourth war]] between the [[Dutch Republic|United Provinces]] and England (1780–1784), the company suffered increasing financial difficulties. In 1799, the company was dissolved, commencing official colonisation of the [[East Indies]]. During the era of New Imperialism the territorial claims of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) expanded into a fully fledged colony named the [[Dutch East Indies]]. Partly driven by re-newed colonial aspirations of fellow European nation states the Dutch strived to establish unchallenged control of the [[archipelago]] now known as [[Indonesia]].

Six years into formal colonisation of the East Indies, in Europe the [[Dutch Republic]] was occupied by the French forces of [[Napoleon]]. The Dutch government went into exile in England and formally ceded its colonial possessions to Great Britain. The pro-French Governor General of Java [[Jan Willem Janssens]], resisted [[Invasion of Java (1811)|a British invasion force in 1811]] until forced to surrender. British Governor [[Stamford Raffles|Raffles]], who the later founded the city of [[Singapore]], ruled the colony the following 10 years of the British [[interregnum]] (1806–1816).

After the defeat of [[Napoleon]] and the [[Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814]] colonial government of the East Indies was ceded back to the Dutch in 1817. The loss of South Africa and the continued scramble for Africa stimulated the Dutch to secure unchallenged dominion over its colony in the East Indies. The Dutch started to consolidate its power base through extensive military campaigns and elaborate diplomatic alliances with indigenous rulers ensuring the Dutch [[Triband (flag)|tricolor]] was firmly planted in all corners of the [[Archipelago]]. These military campaigns included: the [[Padri War]] (1821–1837), the [[Java War]] (1825–1830) and the [[Aceh War]] (1873–1904). This raised the need for a considerable military buildup of the colonial army ([[KNIL]]). From all over Europe soldiers were recruited to join the KNIL.{{NoteTag|In 1819 the standing army consisted of over 7,000 European and 5,000 indigenous troops.<ref>Willems, Wim ''Sporen van een Indisch verleden (1600-1942)''. (Leiden, South Holland: COMT, 1994). Chapter I, P.&nbsp;24 {{ISBN|90-71042-44-8}}</ref>}}

The Dutch concentrated their colonial enterprise in the [[Dutch East Indies]] (Indonesia) throughout the 19th century. The Dutch lost control over the East Indies to the Japanese during much of World War II.<ref>{{cite web |last=Klemen |first=L |url=https://warfare.gq/dutcheastindies/index.html |title=Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941-1942 |access-date=2021-03-30 |archive-date=2011-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726053035/http://www.dutcheastindies.webs.com/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Following the war, the Dutch fought Indonesian independence forces after Japan surrendered to the Allies in 1945. In 1949, most of what was known as the Dutch East Indies was ceded to the independent Republic of Indonesia. In 1962, also [[Dutch New Guinea]] was annexed by Indonesia de facto ending Dutch imperialism in Asia.