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=== In culture === [[File:Taki-gyo 8118084.jpg|thumb|right|A man practicing ''[[sādhanā]]'' in Japan]] Waterfalls play a role in many cultures, as religious sites and subjects of art and music.{{Sfn|Goudie|2020|p=59}}{{Sfn|Hudson|2013b|p=361}} Many artists have painted waterfalls and they are referenced in many songs, such as those of the [[Kaluli people]] in [[Papua New Guinea]]. [[Michael Harner]] titled his study of the [[Jivaroan peoples]] of Ecuador ''The Jivaro: People of the Sacred Waterfalls.{{Sfn|Hudson|2013b|p=361}}'' Artists such as those of the [[Hudson River School]] and [[J. M. W. Turner]] and [[John Sell Cotman]] painted particularly notable pictures of waterfalls in the 19th century.{{Sfn|Hudson|2013b|p=363}} One of the versions of the [[Shinto]] purification ceremony of [[misogi]] involves standing underneath a waterfall in ritual clothing.<ref name="picken">{{cite book |last=Picken |first=Stuart D. B |author-link=Stuart D. B. Picken |date=2011 |title=Historical Dictionary of Shinto Second edition|publisher=Scarecrow Press |pages=195–196 |isbn=978-0-8108-7172-4}}</ref> In Japan the [[Nachi Falls]] are a site of pilgrimage, as are falls near [[Tirupati]], India, and the [[Saut-d'Eau]], Haiti.{{Sfn|Hudson|2013b|p=361}} The [[Otavalos]] use Piguchi waterfall as part of the Churru ritual which serves as a coming of age ceremony.<ref name=Sarmiento>{{cite book|last1= Sarmiento|first1= F.O.|title= Mountain Ice and Water – Investigations of the Hydrologic Cycle in Alpine Environments|chapter= Neotropical Mountains Beyond Water Supply|chapter-url= https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780444637871000081|series= Developments in Earth Surface Processes|year= 2016|volume= 21|pages= 309–324|doi= 10.1016/B978-0-444-63787-1.00008-1|isbn= 978-0-444-63787-1|access-date= 26 August 2021|archive-date= 26 August 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210826193525/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780444637871000081|url-status= live}}</ref> Many waterfalls in Africa were places of worship for the native peoples and got their names from gods in the local religion.<ref name=":4" /> "In [[China|Chinese]] tradition, the waterfall represents" the season of [[autumn]], [[Yin and yang|yin]], and the [[Chinese dragon]]'s power over water that comes from the former two.<ref name=":32">{{Cite book |last1=Carlson |first1=Kathie |title=The Book of Symbols: Reflections on Archetypal Images |last2=Flanagin |first2=Michael N. |last3=Martin |first3=Kathleen |last4=Martin |first4=Mary E. |last5=Mendelsohn |first5=John |last6=Rodgers |first6=Priscilla Young |last7=Ronnberg |first7=Ami |last8=Salman |first8=Sherry |last9=Wesley |first9=Deborah A. |publisher=[[Taschen]] |year=2010 |isbn=978-3-8365-1448-4 |editor-last=Arm |editor-first=Karen |location=Köln |page=48 |editor-last2=Ueda |editor-first2=Kako |editor-last3=Thulin |editor-first3=Anne |editor-last4=Langerak |editor-first4=Allison |editor-last5=Kiley |editor-first5=Timothy Gus |editor-last6=Wolff |editor-first6=Mary}}</ref>
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