Editing Washington Metro (section)

==== Rolling stock ====
{{Main|Washington Metro rolling stock}}
Metro's fleet consists of 1,216 rail cars, each {{convert|75|ft|m|2}} long, with 1,208 in active revenue service as of May 2024. Though operating rules currently limit trains to {{cvt|59|mph}} (except on the Green line, where they can go up to {{cvt|65|mph}}),<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wmata.com/business/procurement/solicitations/documents/Volume%205_2%20-%20WMATA%20Safety%20and%20Security%20Plans%20and%20Documents.pdf |title=Metrorail Safety Rules and Procedures Handbook |website=WMATA |page=100 |date=September 3, 2010 |access-date=May 19, 2018 |archive-date=May 20, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180520192659/https://www.wmata.com/business/procurement/solicitations/documents/Volume%205_2%20-%20WMATA%20Safety%20and%20Security%20Plans%20and%20Documents.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> all trains have a maximum speed of {{cvt|75|mph}}, and average {{convert|33|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}, including stops.<ref name=wmatafacts /> All cars operate as [[Twin unit|married pairs]] (consecutively numbered even-odd with a cab at each end of the pair except 7000-series railcars), with systems shared across the pair.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wmata.com/about/media-relations/glossary.cfm#m-r |title=Glossary & Acronyms |publisher=Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority |access-date=February 4, 2017 |archive-date=February 5, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205013417/https://www.wmata.com/about/media-relations/glossary.cfm#m-r |url-status=live }}</ref>

''In the "Active railcars" table, font in bold represents the railcars that are currently in service, while the regular font represents cars that are temporarily out of service''

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="10" style="color:white;background:green" | Active railcars
|-
! Series || Manufacturer || Number purchased<ref name="fy20 proposed budget" /> || Entered service || Retired (estimated)
! Currently owned<ref name="fy20 proposed budget" /> || Currently active<ref name="fy20 proposed budget">{{Cite web |url=https://www.wmata.com/about/records/public_docs/upload/FY20-Proposed-Budget-FINAL-to-WEB-121318_b.pdf |title=FY20 Proposed Budget |date=December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209124306/https://www.wmata.com/about/records/public_docs/upload/FY20-Proposed-Budget-FINAL-to-WEB-121318_b.pdf |archive-date=February 9, 2019 |publisher=[[Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority]] |access-date=February 8, 2019}}</ref> || Planned replacement
|-
|-
| '''[[Washington Metro rolling stock#3000-series|3000]]'''
|'''Breda'''|| 290 || 1987 || 2027–2029
| 284 || 280
|8000-series
|-
| '''[[Washington Metro rolling stock#6000-series|6000]]'''|| '''Alstom'''|| 184 || 2006 ||
| 184 || 180<br />(additional 2 for "[[money train]]") ||
|-
| '''[[Washington Metro rolling stock#7000-series|7000]]''' || '''Kawasaki''' || 748 || 2015 ||
|748
| 748 ||
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="10" style="color:white; background:red" | Retired railcars
|-
! Series || Manufacturer || Number purchased<ref name="fy20 proposed budget" /> || Entered service || Retired || Currently owned<ref name="fy20 proposed budget" /> || Replacement
|-
|-
| [[Washington Metro rolling stock#1000-series|1000]] || Rohr || 300 || 1976 || 2016–2017
| 2 preserved<ref name="twitter 1000">{{Cite tweet |number=923977269793652737 |user=wmata |title=Milestone: As of today, all 1000-series passenger cars (except #1000-1001 which are being preserved) have been sent to scrap yard. |author=WMATA |date=October 27, 2017 |access-date=November 10, 2017}}</ref>|| 7000-series
|-
|[[Washington Metro rolling stock#2000-series|2000]]
| rowspan="2" |Breda
|76
|1982
|2024
|2 preserved
|8000-series
|-
| [[Washington Metro rolling stock#4000-series|4000]] || 100 || 1991 || 2017<ref name="nbc 2018">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local/Out-With-the-Old_-Metro-Retires-4000-Series-Rail-Cars_Washington-DC-473936643.html |title=Say Goodbye: Metro Retires Its Most Unreliable Trains |last=Tuss |first=Adam |date=February 13, 2018 |work=NBC4 Washington |access-date=February 16, 2018}}</ref>
| 2 preserved<ref name="loudoun 4000">{{cite web |url=https://www.loudoun.gov/CivicAlerts.aspx?AID=39 |title=Loudoun Metrorail Training Simulator Opens |date=June 28, 2017 |publisher=Loudoun County Government |access-date=July 20, 2017 |archive-date=August 10, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810014600/https://www.loudoun.gov/CivicAlerts.aspx?AID=3954 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="retire July 2017" /> || 7000-series
|-
| [[Washington Metro rolling stock#5000-series|5000]] || CAF / AAI || 192 || 2001 || 2018–2019<ref name="EOL">{{cite tweet |number=1050739829301014528 |user=wmata |title=END OF THE LINE: Today is the last day you'll ride a 5000-series railcar! |author=WMATA |date=October 12, 2018 |access-date=October 12, 2018}}</ref> || 2 preserved || 7000-series
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="10" style="color:white;background:orange" | Future railcars
|-
! Series || Manufacturer || Number purchased<ref name="fy20 proposed budget" /> || Entered service (estimated)
|-
|-
| [[Washington Metro rolling stock#8000-series|8000]] || Hitachi<ref name="8000 Series">{{cite news |last1=George |first1=Justin |title=Metro selects Hitachi Rail to build its next-generation rail car |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/transportation/2020/10/06/metro-8000-series-rail-car/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=October 7, 2020}}</ref> || 256–800<ref name=procurement>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wmata.com/about/news/8000-series-railcar-procurement.cfm |title=Metro begins 8000-series railcar procurement |date=September 4, 2018 |publisher=Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority|access-date=April 16, 2019}}</ref> (proposed) || 2027<ref name=procurement />
|}
[[File:Rohr train.jpg|thumb|right|alt=An exterior perspective view of a train, with its distinct brown and metallic design, at a station platform.|A train of Rohr cars arriving at {{wmata|Cheverly}} (2005)]]
[[File:Metro 7000-Series railcar debut 3.jpg|thumb|The 7000 series trains, manufactured by Kawasaki, were introduced in 2015&nbsp;– the first generation of rolling stock to have a major change in design, as the 1000–6000 series trains all had a very similar look and feel.]]
[[File:Metro 7000-Series railcar debut 5.jpg|thumb|The interior of the 7000 series trains uses a mix of transverse and longitudinal seating.]]
[[File:WMATA Rohr 1028 with locomotive.jpg|thumb|Originally built for passenger service, this railcar was later converted to a [[clearance car]] with "feelers".]]
Metro's rolling stock was acquired in seven phases, and each version of car is identified with a separate series number.

The original order of 300 railcars (all of which have been retired as of July 1, 2017)<ref name="retire July 2017">{{Cite press release|title=Metro to retire all 1000- and 4000-series railcars by July 1, months ahead of schedule|date=June 7, 2017|publisher=Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority|url=https://www.wmata.com/about/news/1000-4000-series-railcars-retired-July1.cfm|access-date=November 10, 2017|archive-date=August 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804013358/https://www.wmata.com/about/news/1000-4000-series-railcars-retired-July1.cfm|url-status=live}}</ref> was manufactured by [[Rohr Industries]], with final delivery in 1978.<ref name="fy19 proposed budget">{{cite web |url=https://www.wmata.com/initiatives/budget/upload/FY19-Proposed-Budget.pdf |title=FY19 Proposed Budget |date=November 2017 |publisher=[[Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority]] |access-date=February 16, 2018 |archive-date=February 17, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180217082929/https://www.wmata.com/initiatives/budget/upload/FY19-Proposed-Budget.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> These cars are numbered 1000–1299 and were rehabilitated in the mid-1990s.

[[Hitachi Rail Italy|Breda Costruzioni Ferroviarie]] (Breda), manufactured the second order of 76 cars delivered in 1983 and 1984.<ref name="fy19 proposed budget" /> These cars, numbered 2000–2075, were rehabilitated in the early 2000s by [[Alstom]] in [[Hornell, New York]].<ref name=IRJDec03>Transit Briefs ''[[International Railway Journal ]]'' December 2003 page 9</ref> All 2000-series cars were retired by May 10, 2024.<ref>{{cite news|title=Goodbye, carpet on Metro. Oldest trains in system to be removed|url=https://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local/goodbye-carpet-on-metro-oldest-trains-to-be-removed/3612724/|date=2024-05-09|access-date=2024-09-06|first=Lilly|last=Roser|work=NBC4 Washington}}</ref>

A third order of 290 cars, also from Breda, were delivered between 1984 and 1988.<ref name="fy19 proposed budget" /> These cars are numbered 3000–3289 and were rehabilitated by Alstom in the mid-2000s.<ref name=IRJDec03/>

A fourth order of 100 cars from Breda, numbered 4000–4099, were delivered between 1991 and 1994.<ref name="fy19 proposed budget" /> All 4000-series cars were retired by July 1, 2017.<ref name="nbc 2018" />

A fifth order of 192 cars was manufactured by [[Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles]] (CAF) of Spain. These cars are numbered 5000–5191 and were delivered from 2001 through 2004.<ref name="fy19 proposed budget" /> Most 5000-series cars were retired in October 2018 and the last few in spring 2019.<ref name="EOL" />

A sixth order of 184 cars from Alstom Transportation, are numbered 6000–6183 and were delivered between 2005 and 2007.<ref name="fy19 proposed budget" /> The cars have body shells built in [[Barcelona]], Spain with assembly completed in Hornell, New York.<ref name="currentcars">{{cite web |url=https://www.wmata.com/about/board/meetings/upload/020807_4a.pdf |title=Railcars Semi-Annual Update |date=February 8, 2007 |publisher=Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority |access-date=February 4, 2017 |archive-date=February 5, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205013453/https://www.wmata.com/about/board/meetings/upload/020807_4a.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

The 7000-series railcars, built by [[Kawasaki Heavy Industries Rolling Stock Company]] of Kobe, Japan, were delivered for on-site testing during winter 2013–2014, and first entered service on April 14, 2015, on the Blue Line. The cars are different from previous models in that while still operating as married pairs, the cab in one car is eliminated, turning it into a B car. This design allows for increased passenger capacity, elimination of redundant equipment, greater energy efficiency, and lower maintenance costs. The [[National Transportation Safety Board]] investigation of the fatal June 22, 2009, accident led it to conclude that the 1000-series cars are unsafe and unable to protect passengers in a crash. As a result, on July 26, 2010, Metro voted to purchase 300 7000-series cars, which replaced the remaining 1000-series cars.<ref>{{cite news |title=Red Line crash was inevitable, NTSB finds |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |first=Ann |last=Scott Tyson |page=A1 |date=July 28, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.wtopnews.com/?nid=25&sid=1917616 |work=WTOP |title=Metro's oldest rail cars will be rolling out of service |date=March 22, 2010 |first=Adam |last=Tuss |access-date=July 28, 2010 }}{{dead link|date=November 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An additional 128 7000-series cars were also ordered to serve the Silver Line to Dulles Airport (64 for each phase). In April 2013, Metro placed another order for 100 7000-series cars, which replaced all of the 4000-series cars.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/washington-orders-more-kawasaki-metro-cars/archiv/2013/mai.html |title=Washington orders more Kawasaki metro cars |magazine=[[Railway Gazette International]] |date=May 22, 2013 |access-date=May 22, 2013 |archive-date=August 22, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822021734/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/washington-orders-more-kawasaki-metro-cars/archiv/2013/mai.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On July 13, 2015, WMATA used their final option and purchased an additional 220 7000-series railcars for fleet expansion and to replace the 5000-series railcars, bringing the total order number to 748 railcars. On February 26, 2020, WMATA accepted the delivery of the final 7000-series car.<ref name="The final car of the Metro 7000 ser">{{cite tweet |user=tomrousseyABC7 |number=1232715666068770816 |date= February 26, 2020 |title= The final car of the Metro 7000 series, 7747, was just revealed. Metro ordered a total of 748 cars in the 7000 series, the number is 47 because they started with train 7000. }}</ref>

The 8000-series cars will be constructed by Hitachi Rail.<ref name="performance vehicles">{{cite web |date=October 21, 2008 |title=2000/3000 Series Rail Car Replacement |url=http://www.wmata.com/pdfs/planning/Performance_Vehicles.pdf |publisher=Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority |page=2 |access-date=February 15, 2014 |quote=Replace all 366 of the 2000 and the 3000 Series rail cars with new 8000 Series rail cars.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212214828/http://www.wmata.com/pdfs/planning/Performance_Vehicles.pdf|archive-date=February 12, 2012}}</ref><ref name="railwayage.com">{{cite web |title=WMATA Selects Hitachi Rail for 8000-Series Cars |url=https://www.railwayage.com/passenger/rapid-transit/wmata-selects-hitachi-rail-for-8000-series-cars/?RAchannel=news |website=[[Railway Age]] |access-date=October 7, 2020 |date=October 7, 2020 |archive-date=October 10, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010215916/https://www.railwayage.com/passenger/rapid-transit/wmata-selects-hitachi-rail-for-8000-series-cars/?RAchannel=news |url-status=live}}</ref> While these railcars would have a similar appearance to the 7000-series, the 8000-series would include more features such as "smart doors" that detect obstruction, high-definition security cameras, more space between seats, wider aisles, and non-slip flooring.<ref name="railwayage.com" /> In September 2018, Metro issued a request for proposals from manufacturers for 256 railcars with options for a total of up to 800.<ref name="8000 rfp" /> The first order would replace the 2000 and 3000-series equipment, while the options, if selected, would allow the agency to increase capacity and retire the 6000-series.<ref name="8000 rfp">{{cite web |url=https://www.metro-report.com/news/metro/single-view/view/washington-metro-starts-next-fleet-renewal.html |title=Washington Metro starts next fleet renewal |publisher=[[Metro Report International]] |date=September 6, 2018 |access-date=September 15, 2018 |archive-date=September 15, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915231030/https://www.metro-report.com/news/metro/single-view/view/washington-metro-starts-next-fleet-renewal.html |url-status=live}}</ref>